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Differences in growth and development velocity between boys and girls from Kosovo, aged 6-18 years
Full text linkBackground: Human growth and development is a complex process of bio-psycho-social changes in children and adolescents. The evaluation of these two processes is of high importance in clinical and anthropological contexts. The present study aimed to find out and to evaluate the velocity of the biological growth and development during different ages of Kosovo children and adolescents of both genders.
Materials and methods: Body Height, Body Weight, and Ideal Body Weight were measured in 68762 children and adolescents from Kosovo (66264 boys, 2498 girls). Age groups were classified into 13 categories, ages 6.0-18.9 years old. There have been analyzed the systematic differences between males and females in the annual changing of Body Height, Body Weight, and Ideal Body Weight.
Results: Based on the results of the present study growth and development in boys can be divided into three stages that are distinct from one another, compared with the girls' growth and development that can be divided into four stages. Boys have reached the Peak Height Velocity (PHV=7.8cm), respectively the Peak Weight Velocity (PWV=6.6kg) at the age-group of 14 years old, while girls have reached the Peak Height Velocity (PHV=8.4cm) and the Peak Weight Velocity (PWV=12.6kg) at the age-group of 11 years old.
Conclusion: The puberty stage occurs approximately three years earlier in girls (11yrs) compared with the boys (14yrs). Although the boys experience a later achievement of PHV, their growth, and development, with reduced intensity, it continues even after the age of 18th. The girls' body growth and development commence earlier in age, and it reaches the maximal values earlier. This fact suggests that males will grow more during the late stage of the adolescence compared with females; therefore, in general males’ morphometric features tend to be larger
Diferencias morfo-espirométricas y acústicovocal entre fumadores y no fumadores
Full text linkThe organs most impacted by tobacco smoke are primarily those of the respiratory system, along with the vocal cords. This study aims to determine the significant differences in morphospirometric and voice-acoustic variables between non-smokers and smokers, emphasising the substantial effects of smoking on health and vocal quality. Two morphometric variables, eight spirometric variables, and thirteen voice-acoustic variables were measured in 117 male Albanian subjects from Kosovo (78 non-smokers and 39 smokers). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The data were examined using descriptive statistics (arithmetic means, minimum and maximum values, and standard deviation), independent samples t-test, and discriminant canonical analysis. Discriminant statistical parameters indicate that the group of non-smokers significantly (p < 0.00- 0.05) differs from the group of smokers, showing lower body weight (within normal limits), higher spirometric parameters (within normal limits), and greater voice amplitude. No significant differences were observed between the groups in variables such as stature, PIF (peak inspiratory flow), jitter variables (voice period variability), and the fundamental frequency of the voice sample. Based on the Wilks’ Lambda value, it can be concluded that spirometric variables (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.56) provide better discrimination between smokers and non-smokers compared to voice-acoustic variables (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.66).Los órganos más afectados por el humo del tabaco son principalmente los del sistema respiratorio, junto con las cuerdas vocales. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar las diferencias significativas en las variables morfo-espirométricas y acústico-vocales entre no fumadores y fumadores, enfatizando los efectos sustanciales del tabaquismo en la salud y la calidad vocal. Se midieron dos variables morfométricas, ocho espirométricas y trece acústico-vocales en 117 sujetos varones albaneses de Kosovo (78 no fumadores y 39 fumadores). El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando SPSS versión 20. Los datos fueron examinados mediante estadísticas descriptivas (medias aritméticas, valores mínimos y máximos y desviación estándar), prueba t para muestras independientes y análisis discriminante canónico. Los parámetros estadísticos discriminantes indican que el grupo de no fumadores difiere significativamente (p < 0,00-0,05) del grupo de fumadores, mostrando menor peso corporal (dentro de los límites normales), parámetros espirométricos más altos (dentro de los límites normales) y mayor amplitud vocal. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en variables como la estatura, el PIF (flujo inspiratorio máximo), las variables de jitter (variabilidad del periodo vocal) y la frecuencia fundamental de la muestra vocal. Con base en el valor de Lambda de Wilks, se puede concluir que las variables espirométricas (Lambda de Wilks = 0,56) permiten una mejor discriminación entre fumadores y no fumadores en comparación con las variables acústico-vocales (Lambda de Wilks = 0,66)
Latent cephalofacial structure of the albanian population of Kosovo
Full text linkAnthropometric studies began as a methodology in biological anthropology for comparing of the anthropological features of the today’s nations and previous nations too, as well as in screening and diagnosing of malnutrition. It is evident that a large number of studies have been performed on measures of body height, weight, trunk and limb dimensions, subcutaneous fatness and body composition, etc., but less attention has been paid to cephalofacial measurements. The purpose of this research was to study and explain the latent structure of the humans’ cephalofacial variables.
On 754 healthy entities (561 male entities and 193 female entities), aged 18-35 years, were measured 11 cephalofacial variables. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive parameters, Correlation analysis, and Factorial analyses. Correlation analysis confirms the existing of some variables’ sets, which are characterized with the higher correlations between variables within the set. Through the principal component analysis of the Factor Analysis (rotation method direct obliging, Keiser criterion) were extracted four latent factors which explain 66.39 % of the total variance: Factor of intracranial capacity; Transversal factor of the face; Longitudinal factor of the face. Conclusion: The composition of the extracted factors was compatible with the scientific explanation of the anthropologists regarding the development of the head
Differences in growth and development velocity between boys and girls from Kosovo, aged 6-18 years
No full textBackground: Human growth and development is a complex process of bio-psycho-social changes in children and adolescents. The evaluation of these two processes is of high importance in clinical and anthropological contexts. The present study aimed to find out and to evaluate the velocity of the biological growth and development during different ages of Kosovo children and adolescents of both genders.
Materials and methods: Body Height, Body Weight, and Ideal Body Weight were measured in 68762 children and adolescents from Kosovo (66264 boys, 2498 girls). Age groups were classified into 13 categories, ages 6.0-18.9 years old. There have been analyzed the systematic differences between males and females in the annual changing of Body Height, Body Weight, and Ideal Body Weight.
Results: Based on the results of the present study growth and development in boys can be divided into three stages that are distinct from one another, compared with the girls' growth and development that can be divided into four stages. Boys have reached the Peak Height Velocity (PHV=7.8cm), respectively the Peak Weight Velocity (PWV=6.6kg) at the age-group of 14 years old, while girls have reached the Peak Height Velocity (PHV=8.4cm) and the Peak Weight Velocity (PWV=12.6kg) at the age-group of 11 years old.
Conclusion: The puberty stage occurs approximately three years earlier in girls (11yrs) compared with the boys (14yrs). Although the boys experience a later achievement of PHV, their growth, and development, with reduced intensity, it continues even after the age of 18th. The girls' body growth and development commence earlier in age, and it reaches the maximal values earlier. This fact suggests that males will grow more during the late stage of the adolescence compared with females; therefore, in general males’ morphometric features tend to be larger
Latent cephalofacial structure of the albanian population of Kosovo
No full textAnthropometric studies began as a methodology in biological anthropology for comparing of the anthropological features of the today’s nations and previous nations too, as well as in screening and diagnosing of malnutrition. It is evident that a large number of studies have been performed on measures of body height, weight, trunk and limb dimensions, subcutaneous fatness and body composition, etc., but less attention has been paid to cephalofacial measurements. The purpose of this research was to study and explain the latent structure of the humans’ cephalofacial variables.
On 754 healthy entities (561 male entities and 193 female entities), aged 18-35 years, were measured 11 cephalofacial variables. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive parameters, Correlation analysis, and Factorial analyses. Correlation analysis confirms the existing of some variables’ sets, which are characterized with the higher correlations between variables within the set. Through the principal component analysis of the Factor Analysis (rotation method direct obliging, Keiser criterion) were extracted four latent factors which explain 66.39 % of the total variance: Factor of intracranial capacity; Transversal factor of the face; Longitudinal factor of the face. Conclusion: The composition of the extracted factors was compatible with the scientific explanation of the anthropologists regarding the development of the head
Morpho-spiro-voice-acoustic differences between smokers and non-smokers
No full textThe organs most impacted by tobacco smoke are primarily those of the respiratory system, along with the vocal cords. This study aims to determine the significant differences in morphospirometric and voice-acoustic variables between non-smokers and smokers, emphasising the substantial effects of smoking on health and vocal quality. Two morphometric variables, eight spirometric variables, and thirteen voice-acoustic variables were measured in 117 male Albanian subjects from Kosovo (78 non-smokers and 39 smokers). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The data were examined using descriptive statistics (arithmetic means, minimum and maximum values, and standard deviation), independent samples t-test, and discriminant canonical analysis. Discriminant statistical parameters indicate that the group of non-smokers significantly (p < 0.00- 0.05) differs from the group of smokers, showing lower body weight (within normal limits), higher spirometric parameters (within normal limits), and greater voice amplitude. No significant differences were observed between the groups in variables such as stature, PIF (peak inspiratory flow), jitter variables (voice period variability), and the fundamental frequency of the voice sample. Based on the Wilks’ Lambda value, it can be concluded that spirometric variables (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.56) provide better discrimination between smokers and non-smokers compared to voice-acoustic variables (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.66).Los órganos más afectados por el humo del tabaco son principalmente los del sistema respiratorio, junto con las cuerdas vocales. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar las diferencias significativas en las variables morfo-espirométricas y acústico-vocales entre no fumadores y fumadores, enfatizando los efectos sustanciales del tabaquismo en la salud y la calidad vocal. Se midieron dos variables morfométricas, ocho espirométricas y trece acústico-vocales en 117 sujetos varones albaneses de Kosovo (78 no fumadores y 39 fumadores). El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando SPSS versión 20. Los datos fueron examinados mediante estadísticas descriptivas (medias aritméticas, valores mínimos y máximos y desviación estándar), prueba t para muestras independientes y análisis discriminante canónico. Los parámetros estadísticos discriminantes indican que el grupo de no fumadores difiere significativamente (p < 0,00-0,05) del grupo de fumadores, mostrando menor peso corporal (dentro de los límites normales), parámetros espirométricos más altos (dentro de los límites normales) y mayor amplitud vocal. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en variables como la estatura, el PIF (flujo inspiratorio máximo), las variables de jitter (variabilidad del periodo vocal) y la frecuencia fundamental de la muestra vocal. Con base en el valor de Lambda de Wilks, se puede concluir que las variables espirométricas (Lambda de Wilks = 0,56) permiten una mejor discriminación entre fumadores y no fumadores en comparación con las variables acústico-vocales (Lambda de Wilks = 0,66)
Latent cephalofacial structure of the albanian population of Kosovo
No full textAnthropometric studies began as a methodology in biological anthropology for comparing of the anthropological features of the today’s nations and previous nations too, as well as in screening and diagnosing of malnutrition. It is evident that a large number of studies have been performed on measures of body height, weight, trunk and limb dimensions, subcutaneous fatness and body composition, etc., but less attention has been paid to cephalofacial measurements. The purpose of this research was to study and explain the latent structure of the humans’ cephalofacial variables.
On 754 healthy entities (561 male entities and 193 female entities), aged 18-35 years, were measured 11 cephalofacial variables. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive parameters, Correlation analysis, and Factorial analyses. Correlation analysis confirms the existing of some variables’ sets, which are characterized with the higher correlations between variables within the set. Through the principal component analysis of the Factor Analysis (rotation method direct obliging, Keiser criterion) were extracted four latent factors which explain 66.39 % of the total variance: Factor of intracranial capacity; Transversal factor of the face; Longitudinal factor of the face. Conclusion: The composition of the extracted factors was compatible with the scientific explanation of the anthropologists regarding the development of the head
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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