386 research outputs found
Camp Lejeune Postcard
No full textOn page: "From Rex Cheek while located at Camp Lajeune" Found on page 13, Scrapbook 1
Postcard, back
No full textOn back: "Dear Miss Spilman,
Here is a recent hange
in address for your truly:
PFC R.E. Cheek, USMCR
14th PCC. "B" Bks.
Marine Barracks,
Quantico, Va.
Sure hope you are not getting
dizzy trying to keep track of
all of our movements and changes
of address. Maybe it won't be
going on too much longer.
Rex" Found on page 28, Scrapbook 2.Dear Miss Spilman,
Here is a recent hange
in address for your truly:
PFC R.E. Cheek, USMCR
14th PCC. "B" Bks.
Marine Barracks,
Quantico, Va.
Sure hope you are not getting
dizzy trying to keep track of
all of our movements and changes
of address. Maybe it won't be
going on too much longer.
Re
Camp Lejeune Postcard, back
No full textOn back: "Hello Miss Spilman, If all goes as it should the following will be my address for the next 14 weeks.
PFC R.E. Cheek, USMCR
H & S Co., Engr. Bn.
Photogrammetry School
Camp Lejeune, N.C.
However, with this new invasion there is no telling what may happen when. Give my regards to all and I'll try to write more often. Rex" Postmarked March 27, 1945. Found on page 13.Hello Miss Spilman, If all goes as it should the following will be my address for the next 14 weeks.
PFC R.E. Cheek, USMCR
H & S Co., Engr. Bn.
Photogrammetry School
Camp Lejeune, N.C.
However, with this new invasion there is no telling what may happen when. Give my regards to all and I'll try to write more often. Re
Camp Lejeune Postcard, back
No full textOn back: "Hello there, A recent transfer has caused a new change of address for me. PFC R.E. Cheek, USMCR
7th CRC., PCS.,
Marine Barracks
Quantico, Va.
I was in Pikeville for 1 1/2 days about two weeks ago but I didn't take time to see any one except the family. If you'll forgive me, I promise to drop around and give you the full scoop next time I hit town. Thanks for the paper.
Rex" Postmarked May 4, 1945. Found on page 13.Hello there, A recent transfer has caused a new change of address for me. PFC R.E. Cheek, USMCR
7th CRC., PCS.,
Marine Barracks
Quantico, Va.
I was in Pikeville for 1 1/2 days about two weeks ago but I didn't take time to see any one except the family. If you'll forgive me, I promise to drop around and give you the full scoop next time I hit town. Thanks for the paper.
Re
Saxicolella ijim Cheek
No full text2. Saxicolella ijim Cheek sp. nov. Type: Cameroon, North West Region, Bamenda-Fundong, Anyajua, “ Waterfall near Ijim Project HQ ”, fl. fr., 12 Dec. 1998, Cheek et al. 9920 (holotype K [K000229622]; isotypes SCA, YA). http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77297282-1 Ledermanniella cf. musciformis sensu Cheek (Cheek et al. 2000: 69, 152) Perennial or annual herb, rosette-like, 7 – 8 cm diam. Root crustose in the central part of the plant, at the edge radiating and divided into separate, free, lobes, 0.5 – 0.8 cm wide (Fig. 2A). Stems (1 –) 2 – 6, arising from the crustose centre of the root rosette (absent from the radiating lobes), erect, free-standing, branched from the base, (1 –) 3 – 7 cm tall, spreading as wide as the root rosette, terete, each c. 2 mm diam. at base, with 3 – 8, ± evenly spaced, short leafy side-branches (Fig. 2B), proximal branches up to 1.5 cm long, phyllotaxy spiral, diam. slightly more slender than the principal axes, leaves with axillary rosette shoots. Rosette (spur) shoots axillary with stems inconspicuous, 1 – 2 per axil, each bearing 2 – 8 leaves and a single terminal spathellum. Leaves of side branches withspiral phyllotaxy, internodes c. 1 mm long, laterally compressed, linear, (2 –) 2.5 – 8 × 0.25 mm, entire, very rarely bifid, apex obtuse-rounded, basal 1 – 2 mm canaliculate, shortly sheathing the stem, astipulate (Fig. 2B), subtending axillary rosette shoots. Leaves of rosette shoots, proximal leaves as those of the subtending sidebranches, but usually with a pair of stipules arising from near base of the leaf sheath; distal 1 – 2 leaves immediately subtending the spathellum usually astipulate, shorter, 1.5 – 2 × 0.3 mm (Fig. 2D). Stipules symmetrical, equal, on each side of the leaf, narrowly triangular, 0.1 – 0.5 (– 0.8) × 0.1 mm, apex rounded, size of stipules increasing towards stem apex-spathellum (Fig. 2C). Spathellum (undehisced) orbicular, 1 mm diam., mucro 0.2 mm long with apex rounded; dehiscing irregularly, post-dehiscence 1 – 2 × 0.7 – 1 mm (Fig. 2D). Flower ± erect in bud (in spathellum); at anthesis partly included in the ruptured spathellum (Fig. 2E – G). Pedicel 0.5 – 1.5 mm long at anthesis. Tepals 2, slightly spatulate-oblanceolate to filiform 0.2 – 0.3 mm, distal portion 0.1 mm broad, flat, stipe 0.05 mm broad, erect (Fig. 2F & G). Stamen as long as or exceeding gynoecium, filament 1 – 1.2 mm long, dorsiventrally flattened; anther oblong 0.5 × 0.25 mm. Gynophore 0 (– 0.2) mm long. Ovary ellipsoid 0.75 – 1 × 0.6 – 0.65 × 0.7 – 0.75 mm, in transverse section slightly ellipsoid, slightly narrower along the sutured plane; unilocular, longitudinal ribs well-defined, 6 (three on each valve), commissural ribs absent (Fig. 2J). Stigmas 2, complanate, ovate, 0.25 – 0.3 × 0.18 – 0.2 mm, minutely verrucate (Fig. 2E – H). Fruit about same size as ovary; pedicel accrescent (1.5 –) 2.5 mm long, carrying fruit beyond the spathellum (Fig. 2H). Seeds ellipsoid 0.2 × 0.15 mm. DISTRIBUTION. Cameroon, North West Region, Bamenda-Fundong, Anyajua, known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMEROON, North West Region, Bamenda-Fundong, Anyajua, “Waterfall near Ijim Project HQ”, fl. fr., 12 Dec. 1998, Cheek et al. 9920 (holotype K [K000229622]; isotypes SCA, YA). Only the type specimen is known. HABITAT. On boulders in spray zone below waterfall from basalt cliff, in former submontane forest belt. No other Podostemaceae present (Cheek pers. obs. Dec. 1998); 1200 m alt. CONSERVATION STATUS. Sapicolella ijim is known from a single waterfall, with only 20 – 30 plants scattered in an area of not more than 10 m × 10 m. Threats were not apparent at the time of collection. Here the species is assessed as Critically Endangered, CR B2ab(iii)+D. The waterfall is fed from a stream at the top of the Ijim Plateau where cattle have been introduced, posing a threat by their grazing and trampling increasing surface run-off and so silt levels in the stream feeding the falls. Targeted searches for Podostemaceae at numerous other waterfalls in the Fundong-Anyajua -Ijim area in 1998 did not uncover any additional sites for this species (Cheek et al. 1997; Cheek et al. 2000). Targeted searches by Ghogue to refind this taxon (then thought to be Ledermanniella musciformis) in the Bamenda area in 2006 with Ryoko Imachi and Yoko Kita failed to find it. Nearcomprehensive botanical surveys in other locations S, Wand Eof Kilum-Ijim have failed to find additional locations although they brought to light several other species of Podostemaceae (e.g. Cable & Cheek 1998; Chapman & Chapman 2001; Harvey et al. 2003, 2010; Cheek et al. 2003, 2010, 2011). PHENOLOGY. Flowering and fruiting in December, 2 – 2 months after the end of the main wet season. ETYMOLOGY. Named for Ijim, tribal lands of the Kom people, to which area this species is unique on current evidence. NOTES. When revisiting an incomplete and unsatisfactory identification the first author had made of a specimen from the Fondom of Kom in the Bamenda Highlands of Cameroon many years ago (Cheek 9920, Ijim, Anyajua, waterfall, 1200 m, 12 Dec. 1998, previously identified as Ledermanniella cf. musciformis: Cheek et al. 2000: 152) it was realised that the fruiting ovary was erect emerging from the spathellum and, given the ribbon-like roots, longitudinally ribbed fruit and single stamen, that this could not possibly be a Ledermanniella, but a species of Sapicolella. Prior to this paper, the only other published species of Sapicolella sensu stricto known which has long stems was S. flabellata. Sapicolella ijim differs from S. flabellata in the simple leaves, very rarely bifid (not flabellate, quadrifid); stigmas complanate, ovate (not filiform); fruit 6-ribbed, ellipsoid, length:breadth ratio c. 1: 0.65 (not 8-ribbed, fusiform, length: breadth c. 1: 0.22). Sapicolella ijim occurs within a few kilometres of S. marginalis. These two species, together with S. angola, occur at the highest altitudes known for the genus (1200 – 1300 m alt.). The two Bamenda Highland species are easily separated since while the first has long stems, which are only produced from the centre of the radiating root rosette, the second lacks long stems completely, and instead bears numerous sessile, rosette-like stems along the margins of the radiating ribbon-like roots. Sapicolella ijim is similar to Sapicolella sp. Ain the unusual feature of the ovary being sessile (the gynophore being absent). Asummary of the rare, high altitude plant species of Kilum-Ijim (Mt Oku) is given by Maisels et al. (2000). Additional narrowly endemic species discovered from the Kilum-Ijim area are: Ternstroemia cameroonensis Cheek (Cheek et al. 2017c), Dovyalis cameroonensis Cheek (Cheek & Ngolan 2006).Published as part of Cheek, Martin, Molmou, Denise, Magassouba, Sekou & Ghogue, Jean-Paul, 2022, Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects, pp. 403-433 in Kew Bulletin 77 (2) on pages 411-415, DOI: 10.1007/s12225-022-10019-2, http://zenodo.org/record/759936
Deinbollia onanae Cheek & Onana & Chapman 2021, sp. nov.
No full textDeinbollia onanae Cheek sp. nov. Figs. 1 4 Similar to but differing from Deinbollia oreophila Cheek in the length of leaves of flowering stems (14)60 70 cm (versus 25 63 cm), number of leaflets per leaf (4)16 23 (versus (4)6 8(10)), width of leaflets (2.1)2.5 4 cm (versus (3)5.5 9(10.2) cm, number of secondary nerves on each side of midrib (15)17 18, (versus (7)9 14(17); stems with lenticels brown, concolorous and inconspicuous, (versus discolorous, bright white and conspicuous), ovary bilocular (versus trilocular) . Typus: Cameroon, Mt Oku and the Ijim Ridge, Aboh to Tum, 2400 m alt., fl. 22 Nov. 1996, Etuge 3600 (holotype K000337729! Fig. 2, isotypes MO!, WAG0336084!, WAG0336083!, YA0057050!); Deinbollia cf. pinnata Schum. & Thonn., sensu Cheek, in Cheek, Onana & Pollard (2000:162). Deinbollia sp. 2 sensu Cheek in Harvey et al. (2004: 125); Cheek & Etuge in Cheek et al. (2004: 399); Cheek in Cheek, Harvey & Onana (2010: 143, fig 23). Deinbollia sp. Chapman & Chapman (Chapman & Chapman, 2001: c41) Monoecious tree or treelet (4)5 15 m tall, trunk 14.5 40 cm diameter at 1.3 m from the ground, lacking exudate or scent when wounded, sparingly branched, nearly glabrous, apart from the inflorescence. Stems of flowering branches terete (0.8)1 1.5 cm diameter, solid (not hollow), second internode below apical inflorescence 2 2.5 cm long, outer epidermis pale grey-brown, contrasting with the darker brown bases of the adjoining petiolar pulvini, lenticels dense, raised, elliptic, 0.6 1.1 mm long, concolorous, inconspicuous, glabrescent, hairs sparse to dense, dark brown, cylindric 0.1 0.5 mm long. Leaves alternate, pinnately compound, (14)60 70 cm long; leaflets (4)16 23 per leaf on flowering stems, leaflets 10 14 per leaf on leaves of juvenile trees. Petiole (4)9.5 20.8 cm long, terete, c. four mm diameter at midpoint, drying pale yellow; basal pulvini dark brown; rhachis (4.5)32 44 cm long, (2)8 11-jugate on flowering stems, 5 7-jugate on non-flowering stems of juvenile trees, the upper surface of the distal half flattened with two thin lateral wings and with a central dark hairy rounded central ridge, the rest of the rhachis glabrescent with sparse inconspicuous hairs (de Wilde 4555), or with sparse dark brown appressed hairs (Cable 3386). Leaflets mostly oblong (6.6)14 19.5 × (2.1)2.5 4 cm, (but leaflets of sterile branches to 6.5 cm wide), acumen c. 1 cm long, base broadly acute, slightly asymmetric, (basalmost leaflets lanceolate and about half the length of the other leaflets) lateral nerves and midrib yellow, raised above and below, convex, (15)17 18 on each side of the midrib, nearly brochidodromous, the lateral nerve apices forming a weak irregular submarginal nerve, stronger branches uniting with the secondary nerve above, intersecondary nerves strong, parallel to the secondaries, tertiary and quaternary nerves reticulate raised yellow and conspicuous, on both surfaces, contrasting with the pale grey-green areolae (except in Cable 3386(K) where they are concolorous and so inconspicuous above, possibly an artefact of poor drying); upper surface glabrous, lower surface with inconspicuous, minute, cylindrical, subappressed glossy dark-brown hairs c. 0.25 mm long, distributed very sparsely along the midrib and secondary nerves, absent from mature leaves of non-flowering specimens (e.g., Cheek 8709) but then the same hair type present on axillary buds and young leaves; petiolules yellow, 2 5 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence a 80 120-flowered, loose, terminal panicle 25 × 10 cm; auxiliary inflorescences sometimes present in the axils of the distal 1 4 leaves (Cheek 13625); peduncle of terminal inflorescences 0 2 cm long; rhachis internodes (1)2 3 cm long, shortest in the distal portion; first order bracts caducous; indumentum brown hairy; primary branches 10 20 per inflorescence, 2 8 cm long, each bearing (1)2 5 partialinflorescences; partial-peduncles 0 5 mm long, apex with a cluster of 3 5 bracteoles; bracteoles subulate to narrowly lanceolate, 2 3 mm long, apex narrowly acute, partialinflorescences (1)3-flowered in glomerules, pedicels erect, terete, 3 4 × 1.5 mm (female), 4 5 × 1 mm (male), sparsely puberulent, hairs 0.1 0.5 mm long. Flowers white, scent not recorded, flower buds c. four mm diam., open flowers c. 6 × 7 mm. Calyx with sepals 5(6), orbicular to broadly ovate, concave, green colour, 4 5 × 3.5 4.5 mm apex obtuse. Corolla apex slightly exserted from calyx, petals rhombic or spatulate. Male flowers (Fig. 1C). Petals 5(6), white, rhombic c. 5 × 3 mm, apex obtuse-acute, base cuneate, margins densely ciliate, hairs 0.3 mm long, outer surface glabrous, inner surface glabrous in distal half, proximal half compressed funneliform with ventral appendage adnate at margins, retuse (notched) for 0.5 mm at midline, adaxial surface moderately densely hairy, hairs c. 0.3 mm long. Extra-staminal disc torus-like, glabrous, irregular, outer wall convex, lacking constrictions or teeth with c. 15 poorly defined lobes, 2.5 3 mm wide, c. 0.8 mm high. Stamens c. 15, erect, slightly exserted by 1 2 mm at anthesis, c. 5 6.5 mm long; filament 4 5 mm long, straight, densely puberulent the entire length (Fig. 1D); anthers yellow, ovate-ellipsoid, 1 1.3 mm long. Ovary (vestigial, Fig. 1E) bilobed, c. 1 × 1.5 mm densely appressed hairy, hairs c. 0.5 mm; style 0.7 mm long, glabrous. Female flowers (Fig. 1G), with sepals and petals as the male flowers, but petals c. 6 × 2.6 2.9 mm, usually detaching with a stamen attached, probably due to interlocking hairs (see Fig. 1J), proximal two-thirds claw-like, c. 0.7 mm wide, margin sparsely and irregularly ciliate; ventral appendage with apex deeply bilobed, lobes c. 1 mm × 1 mm; disc as in male flower. Stamens c. 10 (see Fig. 1I), included at anthesis, filament c. 2.5 mm long, proximal half to quarter glabrous, distal part densely hairy; anther as male flowers but indehiscent; ovary bilobed (see Fig. 1H), 3.2 × 5 mm, indumentum as male flower, style c. 5 mm long, apical 1 mm, curved, surface papillate-minutely puberulent, apex subcapitate. Infructescence, of same dimensions as inflorescence, erect. Fruit colour recorded as nearly black when ripe, tasting sweet-sour (Elisha Barde, see uses below), and not coloured yellow when ripe (as in other species of the genus), mericarps 1 or 2, transversely ellipsoid, c.1.8 × 2.1 × 1.2 cm (hydrated), the surface leathery, shallowly and finely muricated, glabrous, mesocarp spongy and juicy, 1-seeded. Seed ellipsoid, c. 1.8 × 1.1 × 0.8 cm, testa thin, parchment like, endosperm absent, cotyledons fleshy. Phenology: flowering in November-December; fruiting in February and April, immature fruit recorded in December and June. Local name and uses: none are reported in Cameroon but in Ngel Nyaki, Nigeria, Elisha Emmanuel Barde of the Nigeria Montane Forest Project (pers. comm. to M. Cheek Dec. 2020), states that Nyeberehi (Fulfude) is the general name for all Deinbollia species while Jellahi (Fulfude) is a specific name for Deinbollia onanae in Ngel Nyaki where Fulfude speakers (Fulanis) use the bark of this species as medicine for themselves, to treat stomach aches as well as an anti-helminthic. It is not used for treating cattle. The fruits are reported to taste sour-sweet by Mr Barde. The species is also known as Pabba (Ndolla language). Etymology: The specific epithet of Deinbollia onanae means ‘of Onana’ commemorating Dr Jean-Michel Onana, currently Senior Lecturer in Botany at the University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon, champion of plant conservation in Cameroon, specialist in Sapindales (Burseraceae, author of Flore du Cameroun Burseraceae (Onana, 2017), co-chair of the IUCN Central African Red List Authority for Plants, former Head of the National Herbarium of Cameroon (2005 2016), co-author of the Red Data Book of the Plants of Cameroon (Onana & Cheek, 2011) and the Taxonomic Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Cameroon (Onana, 2011). He led field teams of YA staff working with those of K that resulted in the collection of several of the specimens of this species and personally collected this species in the field (Onana 1600, K, YA). Distribution & ecology: known only from the Cameroon Highlands of Cameroon (one location in the adjoining Mambilla Plateau, Nigeria) Fig. 3. Upper submontane & montane evergreen forest, sometimes in gallery forest; (1200) 2,050 2,200 m alt. Additional specimens: CAMEROON. South West Region, Mt Kupe, near main summit, immature fr., 26 June 1996, Cable 3386 (K000197863!, YA!) ; North West Region. Bali Ngemba Forest Reserve, fr. April 2002, Onana 1600 (K!); Mt Oku and the Ijim Ridge: above Laikom, st. 21 Nov..1996, Cheek 8709 (K000337728! YA!); Dom, Kinjinjang Rock, st. 25 Sept. 2006, Cheek 13436 (K000580433!; YA!); ibid. Forest Patch 1, fl. buds, 27 Sept. 2006, Cheek 13625 (K000580434!, MO!,US!, YA!); ibid., Javelong Forest, st. 29 April 2005, Pollard 1400 (K000580432!; YA!); Adamaoua Region, c. 120 km E of Ngaoundéré, 15 km NE of Belel, falls in Koudini River, alt. ± 1200 m, fl. 4 Dec. 1964, W.J.J.O. & J.J.F.E. de Wilde, B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 4555 (K000593309!; K000593310!, WAG1269760!, YA). NIGERIA. Taraba State, Mambilla Plateau, Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve, near camp, fr. 2 Dec. 2003, H.M. Chapman 481 (FHI, K!); ibid. female fl. 4 Dec. 2002, H.M. Chapman 484 (FHI, K!). Notes: Deinbollia onanae first came to our attention in 2000 when completing the ‘‘Plants of Kilum-Ijim’’ (Cheek, Onana & Pollard, 2000). Two specimens of Deinbollia matched no other and were named Deinbollia cf. pinnata (Cheek, Onana & Pollard, 2000). In subsequent surveys this taxon was more explicitly referred to as a new species: Deinbollia sp. 2 (Harvey et al., 2004; Cheek et al., 2004; Cheek, Corcoran & Horwath, 2009). However, the earliest known collection was made in 1964 (W.J.J.O. & J.J.F.E. de Wilde, de Wilde-Duyfjes 4555(K)). This species is remarkable for the very large number of pairs of unusually long and slender leaflets (Fig. 4), and for the comparatively large size of the individuals which often attain 10 15 m in height (Fig. 4), among the largest trees known in the genus. However, at Ngel Nyaki trees can begin flowering at only 2.5 m in height (E. Barde pers. comm. to Cheek Jan. 2020) Conservation: Deinbollia onanae is rare at each of its six known locations so far as is known, although at Ngel Nyaki this is difficult to establish due to potential confusion with Deinbollia oreophila. Despite many thousands of herbarium specimens being collected at Kilum-Ijim, at Mt Kupe and the Bakossi Mts, at Ngel Nyaki and at Bali Ngemba (Cheek, Onana & Pollard, 2000; Cheek et al., 2004; Harvey et al., 2004) only two specimens of this species at two sites, were made at each of the first three locations and only one at the third location. Surveys at other sites with suitable habitat in the Cameroon Highlands and elsewhere, e.g at Mt Cameroon and at the Lebialem Highlands, failed to find this species (Cheek et al., 1996; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Harvey, Tchiengue & Cheek, 2010; Cheek, Harvey & Onana, 2011). However, at Dom, where a targetted search for this species was made by the first author, three specimens were made, each representing single, isolated trees Cheek, Harvey & Onana (2010). No more individuals than these were found. At Adamaoua Region, Cameroon it has only been collected once, and only a single tree was then noted (W.J.J.O. & J.J.F.E. de Wilde, B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 4555(K)). None of these locations is formally protected for nature conservation. Tree cutting for timber and habitat clearance for agriculture has long been known to be a threat at all but the last of these locations (references cited above). The range of the species is large: extent of occurrence was calculated as 50,525 km 2 using GeoCAT. However, severe habitat fragmentation has resulted over many hundreds of years, forest patches being now distant from each other by tens of kilometres, isolated in oceans of cultivation and secondary fire-maintained grassland making the possibility of primate-mediated dispersal from one forest area to another now extremely unlikely. Ecological evidence from Ngel Nyaki is that while Deinbollia regenerates in that forest patch, its primate dispersers do not, or seldom cross to other forest patches (Dutton & Chapman, 2015, see discussion below). We assess the area of occupancy of Deinbollia onanae as 34 km 2 using the IUCN preferred 4 km 2 cell size. Therefore, we assess this species as Endangered, EN B2ab(iii) using the IUCN (2012) standard. We suggest that this species be included in forest restoration plantings within its natural range to partly reverse its move to extinction. However, the large (c. one cm diam.), thin-walled seeds are probably recalcitrant, so not suitable for conventional seed-banking, and should not be allowed to be dried before sowing since this can be expected to kill them. Experience at Ngel Nyaki (Matthesius, Chapman & Kelly, 2011) shows that it is possible to raise hundreds of seedlings in nurseries and to establish them in natural forest.Published as part of Cheek, Martin, Onana, Jean Michel & Chapman, Hazel M., 2021, The montane trees of the Cameroon Highlands, West-Central Africa, with Deinbollia onanae sp. nov. (Sapindaceae), a new primate-dispersed, Endangered species, pp. 1-25 in PeerJ 9 on pages 6-12, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11036, http://zenodo.org/record/461248
Pseudohydrosme ebo Cheek & Tchiengué & van der Burgt 2021, sp. nov.
No full text3. Pseudohydrosme ebo Cheek, sp. nov. — Figs. 1–3, 6 and 7. Differing from Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. in the ovaries 3-locular, the stigma conspicuously 3-lobed, very rarely 2-locular/lobed (vs. usually 2-locular, 2-lobed, rarely 3-locular/lobed), the female zone of the spadix only sparsely covered in flowers, the spadix axis visible between the flowers (vs. completely covered in flowers), the spathe at anthesis 24–30(–34.5) cm long, the outer surface dull white with longitudinal brown stripes, inner surface light reddish brown with wide pale green veins (vs.(30–)40–55(-70) cm long, uniformly white, green or yellow on both surfaces, inner surface bicoloured, the mid-limb area dark purple, sharply demarcated from the marginal white/yellow coloured area). Type: B. J. Morgan 25 (holotype K!; isotypes B! MO! YA!), Cameroon, Littoral Region, Yabassi-Yingui, Ebo proposed National Park, fl. September 2010. Terrestrial herb, to 1.55 m tall. Rhizome cylindric, c. 3 cm diam. obliquely erect to almost parallel to substrate surface, only upper part exposed, surface with transverse ridges (leaf scars) about 2 mm deep, 2 mm apart. Roots adventitious, thick, fleshy, c. 5 mm diam., scattered along length of rhizome, asexual reproduction not detected. Leaf to 1.55 m tall, petiole terete, to 2 cm. diameter at base, green, inconspicuously spotted yellow, mature plants with minute, patent, extremely sparse prickles 0.5 mm long. Blade of youngest seedlings sagittate-elliptic, 5 × 2.5 cm, apex obtuse, basal sinus 1.5 × 1.5 cm, petiole 6–7 cm long. Older seedlings, in successive years with leaves developing first slits and then divisions, becoming triangular in outline with a broad basal sinus. Blade of mature leaves dracontoid, primary division 35–40 × 38–43 cm, pinnatisect, lobes 5–8, dimorphic, larger, mainly distal lobes oblong 12.5–22 × 3.8–6.5 cm, apex acuminate or truncate-bifid (biacuminate), acumen 0.8–1.5 cm long, smaller, mainly proximal lobes ovate c. 8 × 3.5 cm; lateral veins 6–11 conspicuous on abaxial surface, on each side of the midrib, uniting to form a regular looping submarginal vein 3–6 mm from the margin, higher order veins reticulate. Inflorescence: Cataphylls 4, phyllotaxy spiral, light brown, with light green spots, membranous, successively increasing in size from proximal to distal, the outermost triangular-broadly ovate, amplexicaul 3 × 4 cm, the third in succession narrowly lanceolate-oblong, 12 × 2 cm, the fourth 18–19 × 1.5–4 cm; peduncle 3.5–4.5 × 0.6–0.7 cm, with minute, patent, extremely sparse prickles 0.5 mm long, colour as petiole. Spathe 24–30(–34.5) × 8 cm long basal 1/2–3/4 subcylindric, convolute, funnel-shaped, 1.8–4 cm wide at 2 cm above the peduncle, 6–8 cm wide at 8 cm above the peduncle, and 8–9 cm wide at 15 cm above the peduncle, the distal part (limb), half to one third of the total spathe length, flaring widely and curving forward, hood-like, shielding the spadix, the apex with a triangular acumen 3–4 × 1 cm; outer surface of both tube and limb dull white, with pale brown-red ribs running longitudinally along veins from base of tube to mouth of limb; inner surface of spathe light reddish brown, with wide pale green veins, gradually becoming slightly darker along the midline; mouth facing horizontally, transversely elliptic, 8–10 cm high, 20–25 cm wide, margin entire. Spadix sessile, cylindrical, 50–85 mm long, 10–18 mm diam. Female zone 24 mm long, 15–18 mm wide, female flowers sparsely scattered, c. 30, laxly arranged, covering only about half the surface of the spadix axis, the axis visible between the flowers, sometimes not contiguous with the male zone, the axis then naked for up to 10 mm. Male zone 37–55 mm long, 10–14 mm wide, apex rounded, completely covered in densely arranged male flowers, sterile appendix absent. Male flowers with 2–5 stamens, sometimes paired or in groups of 3–5, stamens free, sessile, prismatic, 5 mm long, isodiametric in plan-view, 5–6 faceted, (1.5–)2 mm diam., apex convex, minutely papillate; anther thecae lateral, tetrasporangiate (Fig. 6F), oblong-elliptic, running the length of the stamen, with apical pore (Fig. 6E). Female flowers with ovary globose, 4 mm diam., 3-locular (Fig. 6I), very rarely 2-locular, style 1–1.5 mm long, 1 mm diam., stigma pale yellow, 0.5 mm thick, 2–2.25 mm wide, strongly 3-lobed (Fig. 7E), lobes with a narrow midline groove, apex rounded. Berry and seed not seen. Distribution and ecology: Cameroon, Littoral Region, known only from three sites at one location in the Ebo forest near Yabassi-Yingui, in late secondary and intact, undisturbed lowland evergreen forest on ancient basement complex geology, rainfall c. 3 m p.a., drier season October-March; 300–400 m alt. Conservation: Pseudohydrosme ebo is known from only one location, with three sites along a section of valley 1.3 km long and only 50–100 mature individuals in total have been seen by the collectors (second and third authors). These sites are along former logging roads which have reverted to forest (X. Van der Burgt, 2019, personal observation) as well as intact forest. In the fourteen years since 2006, botanical surveys have been made almost annually, at different seasons, over many parts of the formerly proposed National Park of Ebo. About 3000 botanical herbarium specimens have been collected, but despite the species being so spectacular in flower, with individual inflorescences lasting potentially two weeks (if they prove to be similar in phenology to those of P. gabunensis), this species has been seen nowhere else in the c. 2000 km 2 of the Ebo Forest. However, much of this area has not been surveyed during the flowering season of the species, or not surveyed at all for plants. While it is likely that the species will be found at additional sites, there is no doubt that it is genuinely range restricted. Botanical surveys for conservation management in forest areas neighbouring Ebo resulting in thousands of specimens being collected and identified have failed to find any specimens of Pseudohydrosme (Cheek et al., 1996; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek, Onana & Pollard, 2000; Harvey et al., 2004; Cheek et al., 2004; Cheek, Harvey & Onana, 2010; Harvey, Tchiengue & Cheek, 2010). It is possible that the species is unique to Ebo and truly localised. The area of occupation of Pseudohydrosme ebo is estimated as 4 km 2 using the IUCN preferred cell-size. The extent of occurrence is the same area. In February 2020 it was discovered that moves were in place to convert the forest into two logging concessions (e.g. https://www.globalwildlife. org/blog/ebo-forest-a-stronghold-for-cameroons-wildlife/ and https://blog.resourceshark. com/cameroon-approves-logging-concession-that-will-destroy-ebo-forest-gorilla-habitat/ both accessed 19 September 2020). This would result in logging tracks that would allow access throughout the forest allowing poachers of rare collectable plants such as Pseudohydrosme, and timber extraction would open up the canopy and remove the intact habitat in which Pseudohydrosme grows. Additionally, slash and burn agriculture often follows logging trails and would negatively impact the populations of this species. Fortunately the logging concession was suspended due to representations to the President of Cameroon on the global importance of the biodiversity of Ebo (https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200817005135/ en/Relief-in-the-Forest-Cameroonian-Government-Backtracks-on-the-Ebo-Forest accessed 19 September 2020). However, the forest habitat of this species remains unprotected and threats of logging and conversion of the habitat to plantations remain. Pseudohydrosme ebo is therefore here assessed, on the basis of the range size given and threats stated as CR B1+2ab (iii), that is Critically Endangered. Additional specimens: Cameroon, Littoral Region, Ebo proposed National Park, fl. 8 Oct. 2015 van der Burgt 1888 (K! YA!); ibid., st. (leaves) 9 Dec. 2019, van der Burgt 2377 (K!, MO!, P!, WAG!, YA!). Phenology: flowering in September and early October; leaves early December; fruiting unknown. Etymology: named as a noun in apposition for the forest of Ebo, in Cameroon’ s Littoral Region, Yabassi-Yingui Prefecture, to which this spectacular species is globally restricted on current evidence. Local names and uses: none are known. Notes: Pseudohydrosme ebo came to the attention of the first author in late Aug. 2018 on seeing van der Burgt 1888, collected in 2015. Plans were made to revisit the collection site at the next available opportunity, in December 2019, when leaves were found by the third author (van der Burgt 2377), but unfortunately fruits were not found. At the same time a second site was discovered 1.3 km distant from the site found in 2015. In February 2020 van der Burgt found at Kew an overlooked, additional specimen, Morgan 25, which is the earliest known record of the species, dating from 2010, and since it has multiple duplicates, has been selected as type of the new species. The associated collection data previously mislaid was rediscovered in May 2020. Alvarez with van der Burgt, and Ngansop, discovered in December 2019 seedlings of the new species, at three different stages, preserved as Van der Burgt 2377 sheet 1/4 (see Fig 7). Clearly the species at this site is reproducing itself. Associated photographs also show plants of different ages. Abwe & Morgan (2008) and Cheek et al. (2018b) characterise the Ebo forest, and give overviews of habitats, species and importance for conservation. Fifty-two globally threatened plant species are currently listed from Ebo on the IUCN Red List website and the number is set to rise rapidly. The discovery of a new species to science at the Ebo forest is not unusual. Since numerous new species have been published from Ebo in recent years. Examples of other species that, like Pseudohydrosme ebo appear to be strictly endemic to Ebo on current evidence are: Ardisia ebo Cheek (Cheek & Xanthos, 2012) , Crateranthus cameroonensis Cheek and Prance (Prance & Jongkind, 2015), Gilbertiodendron ebo Burgt and Mackinder (Van der Burgt et al., 2015) , Inversodicraea ebo Cheek (Cheek et al., 2017) , Kupeantha ebo M. Alvarez and Cheek (Cheek et al., 2018a) , Palisota ebo Cheek (Cheek et al., 2018b) . Further species described from Ebo have also been found further west, in the Cameroon Highlands, particularly at Mt Kupe and the Bakossi Mts (Cheek et al., 2004). Examples are Myrianthus fosi Cheek (Cheek & Osborne, 2010), Salacia nigra Cheek (Gosline, Cheek & Kami, 2014), Talbotiella ebo Mackinder and Wieringa (Mackinder, Wieringa & Van der Burgt, 2010) Additionally, several species formerly thought endemic to Mt Kupe have subsequently been found at Ebo, for example Coffea montekupensis Stoff. (Stoffelen et al., 1997), Costus kupensis Maas and H. Maas (Van de Kamer et al., 2016), Microcos magnifica Cheek (Cheek, 2017), and Uvariopsis submontana Kenfack, Gosline and Gereau (Kenfack et al., 2003). Therefore, it is possible that Pseudohydrosme ebo might yet also be found in the Cameroon highlands, for example at Mt Kupe, further extending westward the known range of the genus. However, this is thought to be only a relatively small possibility given the spectacular nature of this plant, and the high level of survey effort at for example Mt Kupe: if it occurred there it is highly likely that it would have been recorded already. Additional characters separating Pseudohydrosme ebo from P. gabunensis are show in Table 1. It is to be hoped that further studies of live plants of P. ebo will be possible to determine if, like P. gabunensis it also reproduces asexually from the root tips. The biogeography of the Cameroonian Pseudohydrosme ebo is very different from that of the two Gabonese species of the genus growing c.450 km to the South. The Gabonese species grow on recently deposited, sandy coastal soils. Although the Gabonese species also experience a wet season of about 3 m of rainfall per annum, it is differently distributed: the dry season in Libreville occurs from June to September inclusive and is colder than the wet season. In contrast at Ebo the geology at the Pseudohydrosme location is ancient, highly weathered basement complex, with some ferralitic areas in foothill areas which are inland, c. 100 km from the coast. The wet season (successive months with cumulative rainfall>100 mm) is almost the inverse of at Libreville, falling between March and November and is colder than the dry season (Abwe & Morgan, 2008). In addition, the affinities of Ebo as indicated by shared plant species, seems to be with other parts of the Cross-Sanaga biogeographic area, the Cameroon Highlands, rather than with Gabon (see above).Published as part of Cheek, Martin, Tchiengué, Barthélemy & van der Burgt, Xander, 2021, Taxonomic revision of the threatened African genus Pseudohydrosme Engl. (Araceae), with P. ebo, a new, critically endangered species from Ebo, Cameroon, pp. 1-32 in PeerJ 9 on pages 18-23, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10689, http://zenodo.org/record/584707
The cheek sliding flap
No full textA cheek flap that slides on its own subcutaneous tissue is described. It is used to replace skin defects of the cheek created by tumor removal in elderly patients. The simplicity of the method and uniform quality of the results in 25 cases has led the author to prefer this flap to all more conventional local flaps. © 1974 Springer-Verlag.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Half-finished grooved cheek-piece from the vicinity of Chelyabinsk
No full textThe article describes a new find of half-finished grooved cheek-piece in the Southern Urals. The grooved cheek-pieces are rare finds and half-finished ones are even rarer. That is why the new find has permitted us to investigate the technological details of their making, i.e. the first operations which traces on finished products are largely destroyed by subsequent operations and often by traces of use. The author suggests why the technological process was broken, because of which the workpiece was left. The new cheek-piece is described in comparison with other few half-finished grooved cheek-pieces from different regions of the Eurasian steppe and forest steppe. The author attempts to determine the place of the new cheek-piece in the typology of similar products and to outline its chronology
Case report: Cheek acupuncture exhibits an immediate effect in relieving severe pain associated with nerve compression or damage of central nervous system and its potential mechanism of action
No full textPeripheral nerve compression or permanent damage of central nervous system (CNS) can trigger severe neuralgia to patients. Analgesic medicine or even surgery to remove nerve compression is commonly used for pain relief. But these treatments either are ineffective, have side-effect or can cause subsequent complications. Acupuncture, a technique that has been widely used in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years, is an alternative to relieve pain, although the mechanism of action is not fully understood. In this study, two patients who had symptoms of severe neuralgia associated with peripheral nerve compression or permanent damage/dysfunction of CNS and analgesic medicines are ineffective, underwent cheek acupuncture, a new technique established recent years by the author with the features of painless, standardization, simplicity, and precision. An immediate analgesic effect of the cheek acupuncture was observed without any side effects, and clinical remission was achieved after several sessions of treatments. It suggests that this new approach is an efficient alternative for pain relief induced by nerve impairment. The authors proposed a biological holographic model of triplet homunculi existing at the level of the local cheek, spinal cord, and cerebral cortex, to explain the immediate and accurate analgesic effect of the cheek acupuncture. These homunculi have the same structure, and synchronized sensations and actions that are mediated by afferent and efferent neurons, as the integrated human body. Therefore, the nociception and needling signals are sensed, transmitted, analyzed, and manipulated cooperatively and simultaneously among these homunculi with the subsequent pain relief in the body
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