1,720,955 research outputs found
Antarctic futures: Tourism and the tipping point
No full textHistorically, growth in Antarctic activity levels has taken place in quantum leaps. Change themes and factors interact additionally and synergistically to drive activity levels to a point at which the inertia for the next quantum leap is irreversible. The location Of Antarctica and the Antarctic Treaty System presents significant costs of entry for economic activities on the continent. Tourism ventures appear to be the most attractive commercial proposition. The tipping point concept, adapted from business theory, can be used as an analogy to assess the themes and factors affecting tourism that are likely to contribute to the next quantum leap. Technological, economic, political and societal shifts were identified and examined. The potential for radical and dynamic change exists - a small and individually insignificant event may complete the critical mass required for the next tipping point to be reached. Abstract: Historically, growth in Antarctic activity levels has taken
place in quantum leaps. Change themes and factors interact additionally
and synergistically to drive activity levels to a point at which the inertia
for the next quantum leap is irreversible. The location Of Antarctica and
the Antarctic Treaty System presents significant costs of entry for
economic activities on the continent. Tourism ventures appear to be the
most attractive commercial proposition. The tipping point concept,
adapted from business theory, can be used as an analogy to assess the
themes and factors affecting tourism that are likely to contribute to the
next quantum leap. Technological, economic, political and societal
shifts were identified and examined. The potential for radical and
dynamic change exists - a small and individually insignificant event
may complete the critical mass required for the next tipping point to be
reached
Developing useful environmental indicators to assess tourism impacts in the Ross Sea Region: A recommended approach
No full text—This paper addresses the issue of environmental impacts of tourism in Antarctica, specifically examining the Ross Sea region. Since the first tourist visit by ship in 1966, tourist numbers have steadily risen to the 15000 visitors received by Antarctica last year. Most travel is concentrated in the Antarctic peninsula, although there are approximately 1000 visitors each season to the Ross Sea region. Flying to the continent is now an option, but is severely limited by climate and logistical constraints. Antarctic tourism is expensive, but given changes in technology and in other constraining areas, the potential for sudden and substantial growth exists — as has taken place in the Norwegian Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Treaty System, through A TCP adoption of its Environmental Protocol, uses Environmental Impact Assessment to monitor tourist activities. New Zealand companies or any vessels departing out of New Zealand for Antarctica, are regulated by New Zealand's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. A Compulsory Environmental Evaluation has not been required for tourist activities. Instead an Initial Environmental Evaluation (less rigorous) is completed and independent Observers (government officials) are placed on all vessels to verify monitoring. Most tourist operators belong to the International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO), which is a self-regulating body that abides by the Environmental Protocol. IAATO members also undertake environmental monitoring outside of their EIA requirements. The EIA process presents a number of issues: Assessment is made on a case by case basis, monitoring indicators are developed for each case and there is no systematic or standardised approach to their development. These shortfalls are compounded by the focus on in-situ monitoring (lack of post activity monitoring) and obvious conflict-of-interest implications presented by self-monitoring. Defining the outputs and environmental exposure of tourist activities is necessary in understanding and identifying the types Of tourist impacts. Indirect and cumulative impacts, which may be operating on variable spatial and temporal scales are inherently difficult to assess. The use of environmental indicators has limitations, but evidence in this paper strongly suggests that their use provides benefits which outweigh them. The use Of indicators to assess the environmental impacts of tourism provides an information base that can be used in effective environmental management. This paper examines what information is currently available, identifying gaps and considering responses where appropriate. Defining what constitutes an environmental impact is fundamental to any approaches to monitoring such impacts. —This paper addresses the issue of environmental impacts of tourism in Antarctica,
specifically examining the Ross Sea region.
Since the first tourist visit by ship in 1966, tourist numbers have steadily risen to the 15000
visitors received by Antarctica last year. Most travel is concentrated in the Antarctic
peninsula, although there are approximately 1000 visitors each season to the Ross Sea
region. Flying to the continent is now an option, but is severely limited by climate and
logistical constraints. Antarctic tourism is expensive, but given changes in technology and
in other constraining areas, the potential for sudden and substantial growth exists — as has
taken place in the Norwegian Arctic archipelago of Svalbard.
The Antarctic Treaty System, through A TCP adoption of its Environmental Protocol, uses
Environmental Impact Assessment to monitor tourist activities. New Zealand companies
or any vessels departing out of New Zealand for Antarctica, are regulated by New
Zealand's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. A Compulsory Environmental
Evaluation has not been required for tourist activities. Instead an Initial Environmental
Evaluation (less rigorous) is completed and independent Observers (government officials)
are placed on all vessels to verify monitoring. Most tourist operators belong to the
International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO), which is a self-regulating
body that abides by the Environmental Protocol. IAATO members also undertake
environmental monitoring outside of their EIA requirements.
The EIA process presents a number of issues: Assessment is made on a case by case basis,
monitoring indicators are developed for each case and there is no systematic or
standardised approach to their development. These shortfalls are compounded by the focus
on in-situ monitoring (lack of post activity monitoring) and obvious conflict-of-interest
implications presented by self-monitoring.
Defining the outputs and environmental exposure of tourist activities is necessary in
understanding and identifying the types Of tourist impacts. Indirect and cumulative
impacts, which may be operating on variable spatial and temporal scales are inherently
difficult to assess.
The use of environmental indicators has limitations, but evidence in this paper strongly
suggests that their use provides benefits which outweigh them. The use Of indicators to
assess the environmental impacts of tourism provides an information base that can be used
in effective environmental management. This paper examines what information is
currently available, identifying gaps and considering responses where appropriate.
Defining what constitutes an environmental impact is fundamental to any approaches to
monitoring such impacts
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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