130,765 research outputs found
Starving Tumors: Inhibition of Glycolysis Reduces Viability of Human Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer Cells and Enhances Antitumor Efficacy of GnRH Receptor-Targeted Therapies
No full textObjective: Increased glycolysis for energy production is necessary for survival of tumor cells and thus represents a selective therapeutic target. We have analyzed in vitro whether inhibition of glycolysis can reduce the viability of human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells and whether it can enhance the antitumor efficacy of GnRH receptor-targeted therapies. Materials and Methods: Cell viability of ovarian and endometrial cancer cells treated without or with glycolysis inhibitor 2-Deoxy-n-Glucose (2DG) alone or in combination with GnRH-II antagonist [Ac-D2Nal(1), D-4Cpa(2), D-3Pal(3,6),Leu(8), D-Ala(10)]GnRH-II or with cytotoxic GnRH-I agonist AEZS-108 (AN-152) was measured using alamar blue assay. Induction of apoptosis was analyzed using TUNEL assay and quantified by measurement of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Apoptotic signaling was measured by quantification of activated caspase-3 by using the Western blot technique. Results: Treatment of endometrial and ovarian cancer cells with glycolysis inhibitor 2DG resulted in a significant decrease of cell viability and a significant increase of apoptosis. Treatment with 2DG in combination with the GnRH-II antagonist or with AEZS-108 resulted in a significant reduced viability compared with single-agent treatments. The observed reduction in viability was due to induction of apoptosis. Also for apoptosis induction, a significant stronger effect in the case of cotreatments compared with single-agent treatments could be observed. These additive effects could be correlated to increased activation of caspase-3. Conclusions: The glycolytic phenotype of human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. In addition, cotreatment of a glycolysis inhibitor with GnRH receptor-targeted therapies might be a suitable therapy for GnRH receptor-positive human endometrial and ovarian cancers.Deutsche Krebshilf
Study of the market for recovered material and energy resources (in the 5-county Group I area)
No full textSECTION I - INTRODUCTION, SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION ;
A. Introduction I-1;
B. Market Survey Methodology I-2;
C. Summary of Market Survey Findings I-5;
D. Summary of Recommendations I-6;
SECTION II - EVALUATION OF RESOURCE RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES ;
A. Introduction II-1;
B. Materials Recovery System. II-1;
C. Energy Recovery Systems II-2;
D. Utilization of Recoverable Energy. II-4;
E. Anticipated Quantities of Recovered Resources II-5;
SECTION III - IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL MARKETS ;
A. Energy Market Development. III-1;
B. Materials Market Development III-2;
SECTION IV - CONDUCT OF THE MARKET SURVEY ;
A. Development and Mailing of the Survey Forms IV-1;
B. Telephone Interviews. IV-1;
C. Plant Interviews IV-2;
SECTION V - RESULTS OF THE MARKET SURVEY ;
A. Markets for Refuse Derived Energy. V-1;
B. Markets for Materials. V-26;
SECTION VI - MARKET/TECHNOLOGY INTERFACE ;
A. Introduction. VI-1;
B. Available Markets and Prevailing Prices VI-1;
C. Proposed Resource Recovery System. VI-2;
D. Recovered Material Specifications VI-2;
E. Capital and Operating Costs. VI-5;
F. Refuse Disposal Costs. VI-7;
SECTION VII - EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO WASTE STREAM CONTROL ;
A. Introduction. VII-1;
B. Alternative Methods of Waste Stream Control VII-1;
C. Conclusions VII-7;
SECTION VIII- EVALUATION OF FINANCING OPTIONS ;
A. Introduction VIII-1;
B. General Obligations. VIII-1;
C. Revenue Bonds. VIII-3;
D. Private Financing VIII-5;
E. Leverage Lease Revenue Bonds. VIII-6;
F. Conclusion. VIII-7;
SECTION IX - IMPLEMENTATION AGENCY ;
A. Introduction. IX-1;
B. Responsibilities IX-1;
C. Alternative Implementation Agencies. IX-2;
D. Conclusions IX-5;
SECTION X - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ;
A. Findings of the Market Survey. X-1;
B. Recommended Resource Recovery Facilities X-4;
C. Recommended Implementation Strategy X-6;
D. Recommended Implementation Agency X-8;
E. Recommended Financing Strategy. X-8;
F. Recommended Solid Waste Control Strategy X-9;
APPENDICES ;
A. Market Survey Forms ;
B. Market Summary Table ;
C. Conference Record Interviews with Selected Markets ;
D. Letters of Interest ;
A Classical Groupoid Model for Quantum Networks
No full textWe give a mathematical analysis of a new type of classical computer network architecture, intended as a model of a new technology that has recently been proposed in industry. Our approach is based on groubits, generalizations of classical bits based on groupoids. This network architecture allows the direct execution of a number of protocols that are usually associated with quantum networks, including teleportation, dense coding and secure key distribution
A 2-Categorical Approach to Composing Quantum Structures
No full textWe present an infinite number of construction schemes for quantum structures, including unitary error bases, Hadamard matrices, quantum Latin squares and controlled families, many of which have not previously been described. Our results rely on the type structure of biunitary connections, 2-categorical structures which play a central role in the theory of planar algebras. They have an attractive graphical calculus which allows simple correctness proofs for the constructions we present. We apply these techniques to construct a unitary error basis that cannot be built using any previously known method
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Inter-organ communications: With particular reference to hepatotrophic factors and intrinsic liver growth factors
No full text"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
- …
