1,720,972 research outputs found
Gender minority stress and depressive symptoms among transfeminine and gender non-conforming individuals in China: mediating and moderating roles of coping
Full text linkThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2023Objectives: Transgender and gender non-conforming populations in China experience disproportionately higher burdens of mental health issues such as depression compared to their cisgender counterparts. The gender minority stress and resilience model further elaborates on the original minority stress theory in an effort to understand how various experiences such as gender-based violence, discrimination and rejection impact the mental health outcomes and physical well-being of this population. This study investigates the role of three coping factors: gender minority resilience, social support, and gender-affirming hormone use, and their association between gender minority stress and depression.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study in 2019 recruited and collected data on a total of 277 transfeminine and gender non-conforming individuals from 9 different cities in China. Gender minority stress and resilience scores were collected using the validated Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure, with 45 items for gender minority stress (GMS) and 13 items for gender minority resilience (GMR). Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10) short form with 10 items, previously validated among populations in Hong Kong. Social support was measured using a total of 12 items, including questions on support from family members and friends in forms of emotional and practical support. In regard to gender affirmation care use, we initially investigated both surgical procedures and gender-affirming hormones. However, given that eligibility criteria for surgical procedure in China intentionally excludes individuals with major depressive disorders, we decided to focus on hormone use as a proxy to gender-affirming care use. We then conducted complete case analyses (N = 258) using structural equation models to examine the mediating role of social support on the effects of gender minority stress on depression, with both exposure and outcome modelled as latent variables. We conducted an exploratory moderation analysis with sum-of-scores of gender minority stress, resilience, and depression scores to test for interaction between gender minority stress and resilience on its relationship with depression. Finally, we explored whether gender-affirming hormone use mediates the relationship between depression and internalized transphobia, a subconstruct of gender minority stress previously found to be associated with gender-affirming hormone use using this study data. Model fit of initial models is reported, but model alterations and re-specification were not explored, thus results are provisional. For all of our models, we adjusted for the following confounders: age (continuous), gender identity (transfeminine & gender non-conforming) and income (3 level nominal categories with 3000 RMB (Chinese currency) per interval). For convenience of interpretation, coefficients included in this abstract are all path coefficients standardized by the variance of both observed and latent variables for structural equation models.
Results:
As noted, given that model fit was not taken into consideration, the findings of this thesis are provisional and require further analysis. For our sample demographics, most of the participants in the study identified as transfeminine (72.1%) and 30.1% were earning less than or equal to 460 USD (3000 RMB) per month. The average CES-D score was 11.8 (out of 30) and over half (62%) would be considered at risk for clinical depression given the CES-D 10 threshold. GMR score was found to be associated with overall depression score (β =-0.411, 95% CI: -0.782 - -0.023). However, we found that GMS has an equally negative impact on one’s depression score regardless of one’s GMR score (Interaction term β = 0.000, 95% CI: -0.006 – 0.006). In our initial model, social support was found to be negatively associated with both GMS and depression in our structural models. Social support also partially mediated the association between GMS and depression in this model (Indirect effect β = 0.082, 95% CI: 0.018 – 0.154, proportion mediated = 17%). We did not find evidence for any association between hormone use and depression in our starting model (β = -0.238, 95% CI: -0.499 – 0.180) nor did we find a mediating effect of hormone use on the association between internalized transphobia and depression (β = -0.005, 95% CI: -0.011 – 0.003).
Conclusion:
This study highlighted the potential role of social support as a mediator between GMS and depression among transfeminine and gender non-conforming individuals in China. Given the exploratory and cross-sectional nature of the study, we were unable to make inference on the association between hormone use and future mental health outcomes. Further efforts of confirmatory analysis using this data to find a better fitting model is needed to confirm those results. We also suggest that gender minority resilience measured by the GMSR measures (community connectedness and identity pride) need to be considered under the specific legal and social environment in China when thinking about future studies or interventions in those areas. Future studies might consider various expressions of resilience, in conjunction with environmental factors, to form a comprehensive support system in helping this population with coping. The findings of this thesis, as they currently stand, should not be utilized to inform any social or policy recommendations and decisions or guide medical and public health programming efforts for this population
Gender minority stress and depressive symptoms among transfeminine and gender non-conforming individuals in China: mediating and moderating roles of coping
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2023Objectives: Transgender and gender non-conforming populations in China experience disproportionately higher burdens of mental health issues such as depression compared to their cisgender counterparts. The gender minority stress and resilience model further elaborates on the original minority stress theory in an effort to understand how various experiences such as gender-based violence, discrimination and rejection impact the mental health outcomes and physical well-being of this population. This study investigates the role of three coping factors: gender minority resilience, social support, and gender-affirming hormone use, and their association between gender minority stress and depression.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study in 2019 recruited and collected data on a total of 277 transfeminine and gender non-conforming individuals from 9 different cities in China. Gender minority stress and resilience scores were collected using the validated Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure, with 45 items for gender minority stress (GMS) and 13 items for gender minority resilience (GMR). Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10) short form with 10 items, previously validated among populations in Hong Kong. Social support was measured using a total of 12 items, including questions on support from family members and friends in forms of emotional and practical support. In regard to gender affirmation care use, we initially investigated both surgical procedures and gender-affirming hormones. However, given that eligibility criteria for surgical procedure in China intentionally excludes individuals with major depressive disorders, we decided to focus on hormone use as a proxy to gender-affirming care use. We then conducted complete case analyses (N = 258) using structural equation models to examine the mediating role of social support on the effects of gender minority stress on depression, with both exposure and outcome modelled as latent variables. We conducted an exploratory moderation analysis with sum-of-scores of gender minority stress, resilience, and depression scores to test for interaction between gender minority stress and resilience on its relationship with depression. Finally, we explored whether gender-affirming hormone use mediates the relationship between depression and internalized transphobia, a subconstruct of gender minority stress previously found to be associated with gender-affirming hormone use using this study data. Model fit of initial models is reported, but model alterations and re-specification were not explored, thus results are provisional. For all of our models, we adjusted for the following confounders: age (continuous), gender identity (transfeminine & gender non-conforming) and income (3 level nominal categories with 3000 RMB (Chinese currency) per interval). For convenience of interpretation, coefficients included in this abstract are all path coefficients standardized by the variance of both observed and latent variables for structural equation models.
Results:
As noted, given that model fit was not taken into consideration, the findings of this thesis are provisional and require further analysis. For our sample demographics, most of the participants in the study identified as transfeminine (72.1%) and 30.1% were earning less than or equal to 460 USD (3000 RMB) per month. The average CES-D score was 11.8 (out of 30) and over half (62%) would be considered at risk for clinical depression given the CES-D 10 threshold. GMR score was found to be associated with overall depression score (β =-0.411, 95% CI: -0.782 - -0.023). However, we found that GMS has an equally negative impact on one’s depression score regardless of one’s GMR score (Interaction term β = 0.000, 95% CI: -0.006 – 0.006). In our initial model, social support was found to be negatively associated with both GMS and depression in our structural models. Social support also partially mediated the association between GMS and depression in this model (Indirect effect β = 0.082, 95% CI: 0.018 – 0.154, proportion mediated = 17%). We did not find evidence for any association between hormone use and depression in our starting model (β = -0.238, 95% CI: -0.499 – 0.180) nor did we find a mediating effect of hormone use on the association between internalized transphobia and depression (β = -0.005, 95% CI: -0.011 – 0.003).
Conclusion:
This study highlighted the potential role of social support as a mediator between GMS and depression among transfeminine and gender non-conforming individuals in China. Given the exploratory and cross-sectional nature of the study, we were unable to make inference on the association between hormone use and future mental health outcomes. Further efforts of confirmatory analysis using this data to find a better fitting model is needed to confirm those results. We also suggest that gender minority resilience measured by the GMSR measures (community connectedness and identity pride) need to be considered under the specific legal and social environment in China when thinking about future studies or interventions in those areas. Future studies might consider various expressions of resilience, in conjunction with environmental factors, to form a comprehensive support system in helping this population with coping. The findings of this thesis, as they currently stand, should not be utilized to inform any social or policy recommendations and decisions or guide medical and public health programming efforts for this population
Settler Colonialism and Health Inequities: Contextualizing Religion and HIV among Transgender Women in the Philippines
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2024The health inequities faced by transgender individuals in the Philippines are deeply intertwined with the historical impacts of colonization on Philippine society. This study examines the association between religiosity, socio-demographic factors, and HIV status among Filipinx transgender women using an abolitionist framework. Quantitative data were collected between June 2018 and May 2019 through a cross-sectional survey conducted in Manila and Cebu. Data analysis involved multinomial regression to assess the relationship between religiosity and HIV status. Religious affiliation was significantly associated with HIV status (p = 0.011), with non-Catholic respondents more likely to report being HIV positive compared to Catholics (Adjusted RRR = 9.835, 95% CI: 1.13, 61.72, p = 0.038). Age, location, education level, and past year income were also significantly associated with HIV status. No significant associations were found between religiosity belief or practice and HIV status. There is a need for a nuanced understanding of the intersection between religion and health, considering not only protective aspects of religiosity but also potential negative impacts, such as historical trauma, social exclusion, or rejection from religious communities. By contextualizing religiosity within a historical framework of colonization, this study sheds light on the nuanced intersections of religion, culture, and health, providing valuable insights for developing targeted interventions to address HIV inequities among transgender communities
Clarifying the Less than 1%: The False Alarm of Transition Regret, Discontinuation, and Detransition
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
