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Il concetto di potere nel pensiero di Ju. M. Lotman
No full textL'articolo si propone di ricostruire la concezione del potere contenuta nella teoria della semiosfera di Jurij M. Lotman. Conosciuto soprattutto per i suoi studi di letteratura e per i suoi lavori di semiotica strutturale, il pensiero di Lotman ultimamente trova sempre più spazio in lavori di tema politico, quali studi culturali o scienze politiche. Nell'articolo si ricostruirà la nozione di potere implicita negli scritti di Lotman, mostrando come essa emerge da categorie strettamente semiotiche come "dominante", "autodescrizione" e "dialogo.The present paper aims at reconstructing Jurij Lotman’s notion of power within his theory of the ‘semiosphere’. Lotman, founder of modern culturology, is most widely known for his contribution to literary theory; in the last decade, though, he is often quoted in works on political and social science. In an attempt to justify the presence of Lotman in those disciplines, we will try to isolate the most political aspects of his theory, which according to his critics is completely lacking in this regard. The task will be pursued through the reconstruction of the notion of ‘power’, a pragmatic and political concept, as it emerges from strictly semiotic categories such as ‘dominant’, ‘self-description’ and ‘dialogue
Semiotics and decoloniality: A preliminary study between Ju. Lotman and W. Mignolo
No full textThe goal of the present paper is to reflect upon the possibility for Lotman’s cultural semiotics to contribute to the ongoing discussion on decoloniality. This area of study gathers the ideas elaborated by a tradition of thinkers exploring how colonial relationships engendered by modernity are not limited to the realm of political domination but are seeped into our global culture, mode of production of knowledge and way of conceiving history. Within the Latin American school, we will focus on the works of Argentinian semiotician Walter Mignolo. We will show how Lotman’s multi–perspectivist epistemological approach offers analogies and points of convergence with the approach to decolonial reflection by Mignolo. The goal is not to frame Lotman as a decolonial thinker – he most certainly did not belong in that tradition, nor shared the same theoretical agenda and political goals. The similarities that we will attempt to highlight in the present paper, however, are not the result of a mere coincidence nor of an abstract, metatheoretical convergence of ideas. Rather, they are the result of Lotman’s engagement with the Russian and Soviet critique of Eurocentrism, which led him to reflect upon the need to delink from the promises made in the name of modernity, such as the ideas of progress, development, destiny.In the first part of the paper, we will discuss how Lotman elaborates, through an engagement of Soviet Oriental Studies among others, a multi–perspectivist epistemology. In the second part of the paper, we will discuss how he develops his theoretical approach into a critique of a “universal” and “unilinear” notion of history. Finally, in the third part, we will highlight certain points of convergence between Lotman and Mignolo, hinting at possible future contamina tion between cultural semiotics and the decolonial tradition.Fil: Gherlone, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Departamento de Letras. Centro de Estudios de Literatura Comparada "María T. Maiorana"; ArgentinaFil: Restaneo, Pietro. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Italia. Institute for the European Intellectual Lexicon and History of Ideas; Itali
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Semiotics and dialectics: Notes on the paper “Literary criticism must be scientific” by Juri Lotman
Full text linkThe present paper is an introduction to and analysis of the article “Literary criticism must be scientific”, presented here for the first time in English translation. The original was published by Lotman in 1967 in the journal Voprosy Literatury. The article by Lotman is a part of a wider debate, started in 1963, that saw structuralists and their opponents dispute the validity and heuristic value of structuralist methodology in literary criticism. The aim of the introduction is to explore Lotman’s engagements with his intellectual context as they emerge in his 1967 article. The first part of the paper discusses the wider context of the debate, and explores the positions of the opponents of structuralism and the ways in which Lotman relates to them. The second part of the paper analyses how Lotman and his structuralist colleagues related to the official Soviet ideology, the diamat. In both cases, it will be seen how Lotman engaged certain aspects of his opponents’ ideas, as well as the official ideology, in order to further his goal of reconciling structuralism and historicism
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