1,721,159 research outputs found
Psychoserisikosyndrome im Kindes- und Jugendalter
No full textDer Früherkennung und Frühbehandlung von Psychosen wird besondere Bedeutung zugemessen, da ein verzögerter Behandlungsbeginn – erkennbar als verlängerte Dauer der unbehandelten Psychose (DUP) – mit einer verschlechterten Verlaufsprognose einhergeht. Die Phase vor Beginn der akuten Symptomatik, die auch als Prodrom bezeichnet wird, liegt im Fokus des Forschungsinteresses, da in ihr unterschiedliche Formen von Psychoserisikosyndromen erfasst werden. Die Früherkennung von Risikogruppen entspricht dem Ansatz der indizierten Prävention. Dieser Präventionsansatz wendet sich an Patienten, die bereits Hilfe suchen, weil sie unter ersten Anzeichen einer sich entwickelnden Störung leiden. Solche klinischen Hochrisikogruppen (clinical high risk, CHR) werden in 2 alternativen, einander ergänzenden Kriterien-Ansätzen erfasst: Den Kriterien der Ultra-high-risk(UHR)-Gruppe, die bereits abgeschwächte Formen von psychotischen Symptomen zeigen, stehen die Basissymptomkriterien vor Ausbruch psychotischer Symptome gegenüber. Die Leitlinien der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie zur Diagnostik und Behandlung dieser Patienten erleichtern das klinische Vorgehen
Vacuum extraction and autonomic balance in human infants
No full textThe impact of delivery mode on the cardiac autonomic balance was studied in a sample of 101 full term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) human infants. Cardiac autonomic balance was measured by assessing basic heart rate, and two indicators of vagal tone, the Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD) and Standard Deviation of NN-intervals (SDNN) as two different measures of short-term heart rate variability at 2, 6, and 16 weeks postnatal age. Sixty-seven infants were delivered spontaneously, 29 by cesarean section and five by vacuum extraction. Children delivered by vacuum extraction had a significantly lower basic heart rate (P=0.01), higher RMSSD (P=0.0003) and higher SDNN (P=0.0001) at two, but not at six and sixteen weeks, indicating a temporary elevation of cardiac vagal tone in these infants. These data indicate a potential transitory impact of vacuum extraction on autonomic balance persisting until at least two weeks postnatal age
Postnatal medical complications and behavioral inhibition in the offspring
No full textIt has been suggested than behavioral inhibition is an important temperamental predictor for child, adolescent and even adult emotional development. Accordingly, the aim of this experimental study was to investigate the impact of pre, peri-, and postnatal complications on behavioral inhibition. Toddlers' behavioral inhibition was measured in a standardized laboratory procedure at 14 months postnatal age in 101 children. Medical complications were assessed by the Rutter Scales filled in by the examiner from in-patient records and the routine out-patient pregnancy documentations. Inclusion criteria were a birth weight above 2500g, gestational age 37 weeks or older and all APGAR scores had to be above 7. Postnatal complications assessed comprised icterus neonatorum, disorders of adaptation, infectious diseases and others. Medical complications in the postnatal but not pre-or perinatal period proved to significantly increase behavioral inhibition at fourteen months postnatal age. Preventive efforts for infant and child emotional development should take into consideration that children with neonatal complications appear to be at higher risk for internalising disorders in later life
Postnatal medical complications and behavioral inhibition in the offspring
No full textIt has been suggested than behavioral inhibition is an important temperamental predictor for child, adolescent and even adult emotional development. Accordingly, the aim of this experimental study was to investigate the impact of pre, peri-, and postnatal complications on behavioral inhibition. Toddlers' behavioral inhibition was measured in a standardized laboratory procedure at 14 months postnatal age in 101 children. Medical complications were assessed by the Rutter Scales filled in by the examiner from in-patient records and the routine out-patient pregnancy documentations. Inclusion criteria were a birth weight above 2500g, gestational age 37 weeks or older and all APGAR scores had to be above 7. Postnatal complications assessed comprised icterus neonatorum, disorders of adaptation, infectious diseases and others. Medical complications in the postnatal but not pre-or perinatal period proved to significantly increase behavioral inhibition at fourteen months postnatal age. Preventive efforts for infant and child emotional development should take into consideration that children with neonatal complications appear to be at higher risk for internalising disorders in later life
Basic symptoms, temperament and character in adolescent psychiatric disorders
No full textOBJECTIVE: Basic symptoms are early subtle changes in thinking, feeling and perception that are subjectively experienced and precede the onset of a psychotic illness. In adult samples, high basic symptom scores are regarded as specific risk factors for the development of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to explore the relevance of basic symptoms of psychiatric disorders in adolescent patients with special focus on early detection of psychosis. Furthermore, the association between basic symptoms and personality traits has been investigated.; METHOD: From 89 adolescents, who were consecutive inpatients with different psychiatric disorders in 1995 and 1997, 54 were followed up 4.7 years later. Patients were examined with the Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptoms at the time of the first presentation and follow-up. Additionally, personality traits were assessed at follow-up using the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory.; RESULTS: None of the subjects made the transition to schizophrenia, despite high baseline scores of basic symptoms at the initial assessment. Indirect minus symptoms were found to be the most valid predictor of a persisting psychiatric diagnosis. In addition, this specific category was strongly associated with the personality traits harm avoidance and self-directedness.; CONCLUSION: In adolescents, basic symptoms in association with personality traits present as a nonspecific indicator of psychopathology rather than as an indicator of vulnerability to schizophrenia. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
Symptomdimensionen von Psychosen und ihre Beziehungen zu Hirnsystemen – Grundlagen und Bedeutung für die Praxis
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