1,354,318 research outputs found
Pigouvian taxes may fail even in a perfect world
No full textRequate T. Pigouvian taxes may fail even in a perfect world. Working Papers. Institute of Mathematical Economics. Vol 243. Bielefeld: Center for Mathematical Economics; 1995
Limits of a stationary phase method for ionization of atoms in strong laser fields
No full textRequate A, Becker A, Faisal F. Limits of a stationary phase method for ionization of atoms in strong laser fields. PHYSICS LETTERS A. 2003;319(1-2):145-149.A stationary phase approach to a typical S-matrix expansion for atomic ionization in strong laser fields is examined with respect to its range of validity. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Environmental Policy under Imperfect Competition : A Survey
No full textIn this article I survey the theoretical literature on environmental policy in the presence of imperfect competition, ranging from early contributions in the 1960s to the present. I cover the following market structures when polluting firms have market power in the output market: monopoly, Cournot oligopoly, Bertrand duopoly with homogeneous products, pricesetting duopoly with differentiating commodities, and models of monopolistic competition. Among the latter I consider Cournot oligopoly with free entry, the Dixit-Stiglitz model, and Salop?s model of the circular city with polluting firms. The regulation instruments I concentrate on are emission taxes, tradable permits, and both absolute and relative standards. I also discuss taxation when firms have market power in the input market, and I study models where firms exercise market power in the market of tradable permits. In the latter case I also survey some recent results from the literature on experimental economics. Finally, I briefly discuss environmental policy in open economies when firms have market power in international markets. Here I suggest different decompositions of the unilateral second-best optimal tax rate, thus attempting to unify alternative interpretations of these decompositions in the literature. --
Auction Experiments and Simulations of Milk Quota Exchanges
No full textSince 2000 Germany has introduced a fairly unique market mechanism to trade milk quotas between dairy farms. The two major features are: (1) a quasi auctioning system that produces excess demands which are covered by state reserves free of charge and (2) a price band that is used to exclude highest bids. For both features an experimental design is developed to study the impact in reference to a regular seller’s sealed bid double auction. Results show that both treatments lead to significant misallocations. These are due to the direct impact of regulations and due to an imperfect adjustment of bidding functions. The major goal of the market design to reduce quota prices is reached, however, at significant trade losses
S-Matrix-Analyse molekularer Vibrations- und Orientierungseffekte in der Multiphotonenionisation in intensiven Laserfeldern
No full textRequate A. S-matrix analysis of vibrational and alignment effects in intense-field multiphoton ionization of molecules. Bielefeld (Germany): Bielefeld University; 2007.Theoretische Analyse der Vibrationsanregung kleiner Moleküle bei Multiphotonenionisation in starken Laserfeldern bei optischen und Infrarot-Frequenzen. Analyse der Orientierungsabhängigkeit molekularer Elektronenstoßionisation im Laserfeld als letzter Teilschritt der Nichtsequentiellen Doppelionisation von diatomaren Molekülen in intensiven Laserfeldern. Quantenmechanische Beschreibung mit S-Matrix-Theorie in Strong Field Approximation (SFA), d.h. jenseits der Störungstheorie.Theoretical analysis of the vibrational excitation of small molecules during multiphoton ionization in intense laser fields of optical and infrared frequencies. Analysis of the alignment dependence of the electron impact ionization of diatomic molecules in the presence of an intense laser field as the final step in the process of Nonsequential Double Ionization. Quantum mechanical description using S-matrix theory in Strong Field Approximation (SFA), i.e. beyond perturbation theory
Auction Experiments and Simulations of Milk Quota Exchanges
No full textSince 2000 Germany has introduced a fairly unique market mechanism to trade milk quotas between dairy farms. The two major features are: (1) a quasi auctioning system that produces excess demands which are covered by state reserves free of charge and (2) a price band that is used to exclude highest bids. For both features an experimental design is developed to study the impact in reference to a regular seller’s sealed bid double auction. Results show that both treatments lead to significant misallocations. These are due to the direct impact of regulations and due to an imperfect adjustment of bidding functions. The major goal of the market design to reduce quota prices is reached, however, at significant trade losses
Pollution-Reducing and Resource-Saving Technological Progress
No full textIn this paper we survey the theoretical literature on both pollution-reducing and resource-saving technological progress. The literature can be divided into two strands. One strand deals with microeconomic models which investigate incentives to adopt and to develop environmentally more friendly technologies for different policy tools and in different economic environments, such as market structure or timing and commitment structures. It turns out that, firstly, price based instruments such as emission taxes and tradable permits perform better than command and control policies, and secondly, that under competitive conditions ex ante end ex post optimal policies are equivalent. Under imperfect market conditions the policy conclusions are more subtile. The second strand of literature deals with both pollution-reducing and resource-saving technological progress within endogenous growth models. Most of these models are characterized by three market imperfections : market power for new (intermediate) products, positive R&D spillovers, and pollution. These imperfections can be mitigated by subsidies on intermediate products, subsidies on R&D effort, and a tax on emissions. Moreover, in most models there occurs a trade-off between the speed of growth and environmental quality. --pollution-reducing technological progress,resource-saving technological progress,environmental innovation,endogenous growth models
Social structure in the twentieth century
No full textHaupt H-G, Benninghaus C, Requate J. Social structure in the twentieth century. In: Ogilvie S, Overy R, eds. Germany. A New Social and Economic History. Vol 3. Arnold; 2003: 279-319
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Russland als Geburtsland des modernen „Terrorismus“? oder: „Das classische Land des politischen Attentats“
No full textHäfner L. Russland als Geburtsland des modernen „Terrorismus“? oder: „Das classische Land des politischen Attentats“. In: Weinhauer K, Requate J, eds. Gewalt ohne Ausweg? Terrorismus als Kommunikationsprozess in Europa seit dem 19. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt a. Main: Campus Verlag; 2012: 65-97
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