1,720,954 research outputs found
Emissions compensated by wind power in Finland
No full textTämän kandidaatintyön tavoitteena on selvittää, mitä sähköntuotantomuotoja on käytetty Suomessa silloin vähän, kun tuulivoimalla on tuotettu sähköä paljon. Työssä kerrotaan tuulivoimasta sähköntuotantomuotona, minkä lisäksi tutustutaan myös muihin sähköntuotantomuotoihin. Eri sähköntuotantomuotojen hiilijalanjälkiä vertaillaan keskenään. Työssä lasketaan lisäksi karkeasti tuulivoimalla korvattujen päästöjen määrä omassa skenaariossa, jossa muita tuotantomuotoja korvataan tuulivoimalla. Tulosten pohjalta tehdään päätelmiä. Työssä käytetään avuksi tilastoja ja taulukkoja.
Tuloksissa tarkastellaan ja analysoidaan sähköntuotannon kuvaajia ja taulukoita ja esitellään eri sähköntuotantomuotojen hiilijalanjäljet. Työssä on pääasiassa käytetty tilastoja vuodelta 2021, koska nämä ovat olleet kattavasti saatavilla. Tuulivoima on sähköntuotantomuodoista vähäpäästöisin. Suurimmat päästöt sähköntuotantomäärää kohden tulevat polttoaineita käyttävän erillistuotannon lauhdevoimalaitoksista.The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to find out which electricity production methods have had little use when wind power has generated a lot of electricity. Wind power is explained as an electricity production method and other electricity production methods are also introduced. The carbon footprints of different production methods are compared to each other. In addition, the reduced emissions are roughly calculated in a scenario where wind power replaces other electricity production methods. Conclusions are made based on the results. Statistics and tables are utilized.
In the results, graphs and tables are analysed and the carbon footprints of different production methods are introduced. Statistics from year 2021 are mostly used since they have been comprehensively available online. The wind power has the least emissions of all electricity production methods and the most emissions come from separate production’s condensing power plants
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Assessing carbon footprint of a waste management company as part of the company’s sustainability reporting
No full textTämän työn tavoitteena on laskea jätehuoltoyhtiölle hiilijalanjälki vuoden ajalta GHG-protokollan mukaisesti ja tässä yhteydessä määritetään miten tulevina vuosian yhtiö jatkaa hiilijalanjäljen laskentaa. Laskenta tehdään Kuntajätehuollon ilmastolaskurin avulla, jota testataan työssä. Työssä on huomioitu scopet 1, 2 ja 3. Myös vältettyjä päästöjä ja kierrätysastetta lasketaan lyhyesti. Lisäksi pohditaan, millainen yhtiön kestävyysraportointi voisi olla.
Teoriaosuudessa huomataan, että kunta järjestää useiden jätelajien jätehuollon ja kuntajätehuolto koostuu monista prosesseista. Hiilijalanjäljen laskennalle yleisesti on selviä ohjeita, mutta jätehuollossa yhtiöt ovat laskeneet hiilijalanjälkeään eri tavoin. Myöskään kierrätysasteen laskennalle jätehuollossa ei ole vielä selkeää, yhteistä menetelmää. Kestävyysraportointi koostuu ympäristö-, sosiaalisesta ja hallintovastuusta, ja tulee vähitellen velvoitteeksi yhä useammalle yhtiölle.
Tarkasteltavan jätehuoltoyhtiön hiilijalanjäljeksi saatiin 7262 tonnia CO2e. Jätetäyttöalueen kaatopaikkakaasut olivat suurin päästölähde (56 %), ja toiseksi suurin sekajätteen käsittely (32 %). Jätteiden kuljetusten osuus päästöistä oli 3,5 %. Hiilijalanjälki käsiteltyä jätetonnia kohden oli 275 kg CO2e/t jätettä. Vältetyt päästöt olivat 2961 tonnia CO2e ja yhtiön kierrätysasteeksi saatiin 43 % käytetyillä laskentamenetelmillä. Tulokset ovat linjassa muihin jätehuoltoyhtiöihin, yhtiön koko huomioiden.The goal of this thesis is to calculate carbon footprint for a year for a Finnish waste management company using GHG Protocol. The calculation is executed using a municipal waste climate calculator, which is also tested. Scopes 1, 2 and 3 are included in the calculations, as well as avoided emissions. Recycling rate is also briefly calculated. In addition, sustainability reporting for the company is discussed.
In the theory section one can notice that the municipality organizes waste management for many different waste types and the municipal waste management consists of many processes. There are clear instructions for calculating carbon footprint on a common level, but in the waste management companies have calculated their carbon footprint in different ways. There is no clear and common method for calculating recycling rate in waste management either. Sustainability reporting consists of environmental, social and governance responsibility and is becoming obligation for more and more companies.
The carbon footprint of the company is 7262 tons CO2e. The biggest sources of emissions are landfill gases (56 %) and incineration of mixed waste (32 %). Transportation of waste accounts for 3,5 % of emissions. Carbon footprint per ton of treated waste was 275 kg CO2e/ t waste. Avoided emissions were 2961 tons CO2e and the recycling rate of the company is 43 % with the methods used. The results are in line with other waste management companies, considering the company’s size
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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