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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Art and Utopia in Herbert Marcuse
No full textEsta tese pretende acompanhar o desenvolvimento da relação entre arte e utopia na obra de Herbert Marcuse. Para tanto, é necessário entender como o autor desenvolve a relação entre sensibilidade e transformação social nos seus escritos estéticos-políticos. É igualmente importante dialogar com autores tradicionais e contemporâneos da filosofia, como Schiller, Mannheim, Bloch e o círculo da teoria crítica da qual Marcuse fez parte. Partindo da ideia de que Marcuse não trata o tema da utopia de forma homogênea em toda sua obra, mas que esta está sempre relacionada com o papel da arte de negação do status quo, e tendo como base a realidade histórica em que seus textos foram escritos, são discutidas as contribuições e limitações da teoria estética marcuseana para o debate filosófico contemporâneo e a possibilidade de denominá-la utópica. Marcuse, como crítico do Marxismo ortodoxo, retoma propostas debatidas por socialistas utópicos como Fourier e, assim como Bloch, é responsável por resgatar a importância da questão da sensibilidade no discurso socialista. Trazer o debate da sensibilidade para o discurso político é um dos grandes legados de Marcuse.This thesis intends to follow the development of the relationship between art and utopia in the work of Herbert Marcuse. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how the author develops the relationship between sensibility and social change in his aesthetic-political writings. It is also important to dialogue with the traditional and contemporary authors of the philosophy, such as Schiller, Mannheim, Bloch and the circle of critical theory of which Marcuse was a part. Considering that Marcuse does not treat the theme of utopia in a consistent manner across his work, but that it is always related to the role of art of negating the status quo, and based on the historical context in which his texts were written, the contributions and limitations of the marcusean aesthetic theory to the contemporary philosophical debate are discussed, as well as the possibility of calling it utopian. Marcuse, as a critic of orthodox Marxism, revisits proposals debated by utopian socialists such as Fourier and, like Bloch, he is responsible for recovering the importance of the issue of sensibility in the socialist discourse. Bringing the debate of sensibility into the political discourse is one of Marcuse\'s great legacies
Crisis and freedom: a study on the forms of political representation in Hegel's philosophy
No full textO presente estudo busca explorar as diferentes formas com que o conceito de representação política se manifesta na filosofia de Hegel. Para tanto, em primeiro lugar, investigaremos as críticas que autor empreende a dois modelos equivocados de liberdade, sobre os quais se assentam, respectivamente, dois modelos de representação política, por ele diagnosticados como problemáticos: o primeiro, atrelado ao caráter indeterminado da vontade e encarnado sobretudo pela liberdade absoluta jacobina; o segundo, enraizado no caráter determinado da vontade egoisticamente orientada e materializado no voto individual, secreto e periódico. A análise dessas críticas deverá nos mostrar que, quando absolutizados pelos participantes da vida social como guias de ação política, tais modelos conduzem a crises oriundas de uma forte contradição entre liberdade e instituições. Cumprida a primeira tarefa, investigaremos, ainda nos balizando pelo critério de representação política, a maneira pela qual um modelo racional de liberdade pode atuar no centro da arquitetura hegeliana, conjugando, ao mesmo tempo, liberdade social e política, ou se quisermos, interesses particulares e universais. A análise conceitual desse modelo, alicerçado nas instituições corporativas e outras associações da sociedade civil, será o nosso objetivo segundo, no qual procederemos ao exame dos seus pressupostos, justificativas e diagnósticos. Trata-se, portanto, nesta etapa, da análise da concepção hegeliana de uma estrutura representativa de interesses, operacionalizada por meio das corporaçõesThis study explores the different manifestations of the concept of political representation in Hegel\'s philosophy. In order to do so, we will first investigate the critiques that the author undertakes of two misguided models of freedom, on which, respectively, two models of representation are built, and which he diagnoses as problematic: the first, associated with the indeterminate character of the will and embodied by the absolute freedom of the Jacobins; the second, rooted in the determined character of the will, selfishly oriented and materialized in the individual, secret and periodic vote. The analysis of these critiques should show us that when these models are absolutized by the actors of social life as guides for political action, they lead to crises caused by a strong contradiction between freedom and institutions. Having accomplished the first goal, we will then investigate, still measured by the criterion of political representation, the way in which a rational model of freedom can work at the center of the Hegelian political architecture, conjugating, at the same time, social and political freedom, or if we wish, particular and universal interests. The conceptual analysis of this model, based on the corporative institutions of civil society, will constitute our second goal, in which we will examine its assumptions, justifications and diagnoses. At this stage, therefore, we will analyze the Hegelian conception of a representative structure of interests implemented through corporation
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The logic of critical theory: a study on Adorno\'s Negative Dialectics
No full textEste estudo tem por objetivo esclarecer a significação lógica da ideia de dialética negativa na teoria crítica de Theodor W. Adorno. Para tanto, investiga-se primeiro a gênese do tema em seus primeiros escritos e as transformações por que passa à luz da tradição filosófica entre Kant, Hegel e Marx. Num segundo momento, analisando os textos pertencentes ao complexo da dialética negativa da qual o livro homônimo faz parte, procura-se demonstrar em que medida Adorno reabilita e critica a dialética moderna, sobretudo a variante hegeliana. Nesse movimento, defende-se que a dialética negativa articula o que denominamos uma lógica da reflexão invertida, na qual consolida-se o conceito de lógica da desintegração simultaneamente como crítica da sociedade e da dialéticaThis study aims to clarify the logical meaning of the idea of negative dialectics in Theodor W. Adorno\'s critical theory. For this purpose, we first investigate the genesis of the theme in his early writings and the transformations it undergoes in the light of the philosophical tradition comprising Kant, Hegel, and Marx. In a second step, analyzing the texts belonging to the complex of negative dialectics which the homonymous book integrates, we seek to demonstrate to what extent Adorno rehabilitates and critiques modern dialectics, especially the Hegelian variant. In this movement, we argue that negative dialectics articulates what we call an inverted logic of reflection, in which the concept of a logic of disintegration is consolidated both as a critique of society and of dialectics itsel
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The subjective aspect of social domination: Nietzsches reception in Horkheimers critical theory from the 1930s and 1940s
No full textEsta dissertação examina a recepção de Nietzsche na teoria crítica de Horkheimer explicitando o modo como a sua filosofia é apropriada nos quadros teóricos das décadas de 1930 e 1940 para a investigação dos bloqueios à emancipação de ordem subjetiva, com foco sobre a noção de interiorização [Verinnerlichung]. Nos anos 1930, para compreender a fixação dos indivíduos pela autoridade e a manipulação das massas, são analisados os efeitos das renúncias e da interiorização dos instintos no contexto de uma antropologia da sociedade burguesa. Na década de 1940, está em jogo o vínculo da razão esclarecida com a dominação, relacionado à dominação de si e dos outros que permearam a formação da subjetividade desde a sua pré-história e compreendido com referência à ideia de interiorização do sacrifício. Pretende-se determinar o papel da filosofia de Nietzsche no pensamento de Horkheimer argumentando-se, em primeiro lugar, que esta aproximação remonta aos anos 1930 e não à influência de Adorno na elaboração da Dialética do esclarecimento e, em segundo lugar, que as contradições internas desta filosofia e as suas contradições com a teoria crítica são profícuas para a filosofia de Horkheimer.This dissertation thematizes the reception of Nietzsche\'s philosophy in Horkheimer\'s critical theory from the 1930s and 1940s, investigating how it is appropriated for an analysis of the obstacles to social emancipation situated in subjectivity, with reference to the concept of internalization [Verinnerlichung]. In the 1930s, the fixation of the individuals on authority and the manipulation of the masses are investigated through an analysis of the effects of the renunciation and the internalization of instincts, in the context of an anthropology of the bourgeois society. In the 1940s, Horkheimer and Adorno explicit the entailment of enlightened reason on domination, arising from the domination of oneself and of others that permeated the subjective formation since its pre-history, described with the resource to the idea of internalization of sacrifice. This dissertation intends to disclose the role of Nietzsche\'s philosophy in Horkheimer\'s thought, arguing, in the first place, that it goes back to the 1930s and it is not a consequence of Adorno\'s influence in the process of elaboration of the Dialects of Enlightenment, and, secondly, that the contradictions internal to this philosophy and its contradictions with critical theory are productive for Horkheimers philosophy
Critical theory of the value-form: Adorno and the Neue Marx-Lektüre
No full textA pesquisa visa à reconstituição das relações entre a teoria crítica de Theodor W. Adorno, sobretudo em sua elaboração durante os anos 1950 e 1960, e o programa da corrente frankfurtiana da assim chamada Neue Marx-Lektüre, iniciado pelos trabalhos de Hans- Georg Backhaus e Helmut Reichelt. Nessa chave, apresenta-se o significado da ligação específica entre teoria crítica da sociedade e a interpretação monetária da teoria do valor. Sobre essa base, pretende-se reconstruir um conceito particular de dominação social capitalista na crítica da economia política e enunciar o tipo de crítica que lhe pode corresponder.The research aims at reconstituting the relations between Theodor W. Adorno\'s critical theory, especially in its elaboration during the 1950s and 1960s, and the program of the Frankfurtian current of the so-called Neue Marx-Lektüre, initiated by the works of Hans- Georg Backhaus and Helmut Reichelt. In this view, it tries to comprehend the specific link between critical theory of society and the monetary interpretation of the value theory. On this basis, the purpose is to reconstruct a particular concept of capitalist social domination in the critique of political economy and to enunciate the sort of critique that can correspond to it
Rahel Jaeggi\'s immanent critique: between a pragmatic ontology and the dialectics of history
No full textEsta pesquisa é motivada pelo interesse em compreender a fundamentação do novo modelo de crítica normativa elaborado por Rahel Jaeggi em seu livro Crítica das formas de vida [Kritik von Lebensformen]. Desde Jürgen Habermas, os pensadores que se colocam no campo da teoria crítica têm se preocupado em identificar critérios normativos para a realização da crítica social e todos eles buscaram retomar as filosofias de seus antecessores e aprofundar, desdobrar ou refutar suas ideias. Assim, de acordo com esses critérios, Jaeggi retoma o conceito de crítica imanente usado largamente desde o início da chamada Escola de Frankfurt e o desenvolve a seu modo, dessa vez valendo-se de uma ontologia social condensada no conceito de formas de vida. Com o objetivo de delimitar a estrutura conceitual de seu conceito de crítica imanente, buscamos explicitar qual o objetivo da autora ao elaborar um novo tipo de crítica e com quais ferramentas ela se volta para este fim. De início, voltamo-nos para objeto da crítica social para Jaeggi: as formas de vida. Assim, buscamos mostrar como se configura ontologicamente este objeto e como é possível dizer que ele é uma instância de normatividade. Após essa primeira delimitação do objeto da crítica, justificamos a postura de nossa leitura do conceito de crítica imanente a partir da noção de crise, que cremos ser essencial para a compreensão da crítica imanente de Jaeggi. Passado esse passo, procuramos compreender como aquela ontologia social deve sua estrutura e desenvolvimento a um movimento dialético e, por fim, explicitamos como a identificação desse movimento dialético dá ensejo a um modelo de crítica voltado para a crise social. Assim cremos ser possível identificar os principais elementos do conceito de crítica imanente de Jaeggi.This research is motivated by the interest in understanding the foundation of the new model of normative critique elaborated by Rahel Jaeggi in her book Critique of Life Forms [Kritik von Lebensformen]. Since Jürgen Habermas, thinkers in the field of critical theory have been concerned with identifying normative criteria for the realisation of social critique, and they have all sought to take up the philosophies of their predecessors and deepen, unfold or refute their ideas. Thus, according to these criteria, Jaeggi takes up the concept of immanent critique widely used since the beginning of the so-called Frankfurt School and develops it in her own way, this time making use of a social ontology based on the concept of life forms. In order to delineate the conceptual structure of her concept of immanent critique, we seek to make explicit what the author\'s aim is in developing a new kind of critique and with what tools she approaches it. In the beginning, we turn to the object of social criticism for Jaeggi: the forms of life. Thus, we seek to show how this object is configured ontologically and how it can be said that it is an instance of normativity. After this first delimitation of the object of critique, we justify our reading of the concept of immanent critique from the idea of crisis, which we believe is essential for understanding Jaeggi\'s immanent critique. After this step, we seek to understand how that social ontology owes its structure and development to a dialectical movement and, finally, we explain how the identification of this dialectical movement gives rise to a model of critique aimed at social crisis. Thus, we believe it is possible to identify in that way the main elements of Jaeggi\'s concept of immanent criticism
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