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Seismic response of rectengular reinforced concrete walls connected with slabs
No full textV nalogi smo ugotavljali, kakšne so lastnosti potresnega odziva pravokotnih armiranobetonskih sten in učinek njihove povezanosti z gladkimi armiranobetonskimi etažnimi ploščami, brez gred. Tovrstne stene običajno projektiramo kot konzolne. Pri tem običajno predpostavimo, da plošče stene povezujejo le kot toge šipe na nivoju etaž, oziroma zanemarimo upogibno togost in nosilnost povezovalnih plošč, pod predpostavko, da je ta v primerjavi s stenami zanemarljivo majhna. V nalogi smo naredili parametrično študijo, s katero smo analizirali, ali je ta predpostavka upravičena in kako nanjo vplivajo različni geometrijski ter konstrukcijski parametri. V analizah smo upoštevali določila standardov Evrokod 8 in Evrokod 2. Stene smo najprej dimenzionirali na osnovi rezultatov linearne elastične modalne analize. Glede na to, da lahko s takšno analizo ugotovimo zgolj približek potresnega odziva obravnavanih konstrukcij, smo njihov potresni odziv ocenili tudi z nelinearno analizo, pri kateri smo uporabili N2 metodo. Obravnavane konstrukcije sten so predstavljale značilen izsek iz tipičnih stenastih stavb. Stene smo v enem primeru obravnavali kot konzolne, v drugem pa kot povezane. Upogibna armatura teh dveh sistemov se v obravnavanih primerih ni bistveno razlikovala, ker pri povezanih stenah znaten del prevrnitvenega momenta prevzamemo z momenti, ki jih v konstrukciji povzročajo osne sile v stenah. Zaradi različnega poteka upogibnih momentov vzdolž sten, pa so bile prečne sile dokaj različne. Posledično je bila potrebna prečna armatura v povezanih stenah pri večini primerov bistveno večja kot v konzolnih. V ploščah so bili v primeru povezanih sten upogibni momenti večinoma zelo veliki in posledično je bila potrebna razmeroma velika količina upogibne armature. Ugotovili smo tudi, da je lahko stopnja povezanosti sten le s ploščami zelo velika. Ključno vlogo pri tem ima sodelujoča širina plošče, ki se aktivira ob močnem potresnem odzivu in je lahko bistveno večja od tiste, ki jo običajno upoštevamo pri projektiranju. Ta parameter pomembno vpliva tudi na vrsto mehanizma odziva, ki se aktivira v nelinearnem območju.In the task, we determined the characteristics of the seismic response of rectangular reinforced concrete walls and the effect of their connection with reinforced concrete slabs, without beams. These types of walls are usually designed as cantilever walls. In such cases, we usually assume that the only »connection« between the walls are constraints in the horizontal direction at floor level (rigid diaphragms). In other words, we ignore the bending stiffness and load-bearing capacity of the connecting slabs, assuming that it is negligibly small compared to that of the walls. In the assignment, we made a parametric study, where we analyzed whether this assumption is justified and how it is affected by various geometric and structural parameters. In the analyses, we took into account the provisions of the standards Eurocode 8 and Eurocode 2. The walls were first dimensioned based on the results of the linear elastic modal analysis. Considering that with such an analysis we can only determine the approximation of the seismic response of the considered structures, we also evaluated their seismic response with a non-linear analysis, in which we used the N2 method. The considered wall constructions represented a characteristic part of typical wall buildings. In one case, we treated the walls as cantilever walls, and in the other as connected walls. The logitudinal reinforcement of these two systems did not differ significantly in the cases considered, because in the case of connected walls, a significant part of the overturning moment is absorbed by the moments caused in the construction by the axial forces in the walls. Due to the different redistribution of bending moments along the walls, the transverse forces were quite different. As a result, the required transverse reinforcement in connected walls were in most cases significantly greater than in cantilever walls. In the slabs, in the case of connected walls, the bending moments were mostly very large and, as a result, a relatively large amount of longitudinal reinforcement was required. We also found out that the degree of connection of walls only with the slabs can be very high. A key role in this is played by the participating width of the slab, which is activated in the case of a strong seismic response and can be significantly larger than what is usually taken into account in the design. This parameter also significantly affects the type of response mechanism that is activated in the nonlinear region
Load bearing capacity analysis of the building Stara tehnika
Get PDFV diplomski nalogi je predstavljena analiza nosilnosti opečnate stavbe Stare tehnike. Objekt je del slovenske stavbne kulturne dediščine, ter je od leta 2009 razglašen za spomenik državnega pomena. Predstavil sem analitični in numerični postopek analize omenjenega objekta. Numerični postopek je bil izveden s programskim orodjem Sremb, ki je zasnovan posebej za analizo zidanih stavb. Izpostavljene so potencialne problematike vezane na nosilnost konkretnega objekta. Glede na karto mikrorajonizacije Mestne občine Ljubljana leži objekt na lokaciji, ki ima nadpovprečno velik pospešek tal in zelo neugodne karakteristike temeljnih tal, kar posledično pomeni veliko predpostavljeno potresno obremenitev. Objekt je v tlorisu zasnovan izrazito podolgovato. Zanj smo preverili tako vertikalno kot tudi horizontalno odpornost in jo primerjali s sodobnimi zahtevami, ki morajo veljati pri stabilnem in potresno varnem objektu. Z analizo sem potrdil, da ima objekt po dolžini veliko več strižnih zidov kot po širini in posledično v tej smeri večjo horizontalno odpornost. Stavba je torej šibka v smeri pravokotno na njeno daljšo izmero (dolžino objekta). To dokazuje tudi projektni koeficient prečne sile ?SRC?_u, ki je v smeri dolžine objekta približno dvakrat večji kot v smeri širine objekta. Na koncu naloge so predstavljene možne sanacije oziroma ojačitveni ukrepi.The thesis presents the capacity analysis of brick work building Stara tehnika. The building is part of the Slovenian building cultural heritage, and since 2009 it has been declared as a monument of national importance. I have presented the analytical and numerical analysis procedure of the mentioned building. The numerical procedure was carried out with the software tool Sremb, which is specifically designed for the analysis of masonry buildings. Potential issues related to the load bearing capacity of the considered and analysed building are highlighted. Regarding to the map of the micro-location of the Ljubljana city, the building is located on a site that has an above-average high acceleration of the ground and very unfavourable characteristics of the underlying ground. This consequently implies relatively large seismic load. The floor plan of the building is markedly longer in one direction. I have checked both vertical as well as horizontal resistance, and compared with the modern requirements of the seismic design codes and practices. The analysis confirmed that the object has a lot more shear walls and consequently more horizontal resistance in the longitudinal direction. The building is weak in transversal direction of the building. This is also proved by the design coefficient of the transverse force ?(SRC?_u), which has in the longitudinal direction of the building about double value comparing to that in the transversal direction. At the end of the thesis different measures for reconstruction and structural upgrade are introduced
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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