1,720,959 research outputs found
Students Critical Thinking Skills in a Classroom Debate
No full textMastering argumentative discourse both in written and oral is a must for students nowadays. However, a successful argumentative discourse requires high thinking order skill such as developing a stance, analyzing arguments, distinguishing facts and opinions, solving problems, comparing and contrasting material, and making inferences. Realizing the importance roles of critical thinking in constructing argumentative discourse, this study focuses on students performance in debate specifically argument, counter-argument, and rebuttals. They are chosen since they are always taken into consideration in assessing students debate performance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Politeness Strategies used by Bree van de Kamp in Desperate Housewives TV Series
No full textABSTRACTHandayani, Reli. 2007. The Politeness Strategies used by Bree van de Kamp in DesperateHousewives TV Series. S-1 Thesis, English Department, State University of Malang.Advisor (1) A. Effendi Kadarisman, MA, Ph.D (2) Dr. Nur Mukminatien.Key Words: Politeness Strategies, Face Threatening Acts, Desperate Housewives, Drama Script,Pragmatics.The research focuses on the concepts of pragmatics and politeness. The main objective of thisstudy is to investigate the use of politeness strategies in TV series Desperate Housewives.Specifically, this study is designed to find out the kind(s) of politeness strategies used by Breevan de Kamp in the conversation and to find out the reasons why these politeness strategies areused by Bree van de Kamp. Bree is chosen among the four main characters since she is the onewho fulfill the criteria of a polite person as defined by Holmes.The research design of this study is descriptive-qualitative since the data are collected, analyzed,and described in the form of words rather than numerical scores or statistics. The study isdescriptive because it tries to describe the way politeness strategies are used by a native femaleadult.The data of the research are the utterances, which contain politeness strategies employed byBree van de Kamp. This study has one primary data source which is the drama script ofDesperate Housewives TV series from the first season taken from the internet.The research result shows that Bree uses four kinds of politeness strategies as proposedby Brown and Levinson (1987), namely: Positive Politeness(40%), Negative Politeness ( 31%),Bald on Record (18%) and, Off Record (8%). In using Bald on Record, the most commonsituation that occur are Task-oriented, S's want to satisfy H's face is small, and Urgent. InPositive Politeness, Bree uses Group identity marker more often than Avoid disagreement andGive gifts to H. In Negative Politeness, Hedge is in the top use followed by Be indirect and Givedeference. In Off Record, Bree uses Give association clues, Irony and Overstatement.The possible reason why Bald on Record is chosen is the distance between Bree and H isclose or the rate of imposition is small. Therefore, this strategy can be used in differentcircumstances depending on Bree's motives in doing the FTA. Meanwhile, the reason of usingOff Record strategy is mainly influenced by the social factor, which is the rate of imposition. Theuse of this strategy becomes one sign of her character as a wise person.Positive Politeness is used by Bree when she and her addressee know each other fairlywell. The dominant social factor which influences the use of Positive Politenessis is distance.Besides, Bree shows herself as a caring, affectionate, and understanding person. In line with thisreason, by choosing Negative Politeness, Bree can be marked as a pleasant person who respectsothers. Towards her husband and her close friends, the rate of imposition of a particular topicbecomes the dominant social factor which influences the use of Negative Politeness. In contrast,towards her acquaintances and unfamiliar addressees;distance becomes a dominant social factor which determines the use of NegativePoliteness.In conclusion, all of these strategies are proposed to minimize the FTA done by Bree. Herreason of choosing a certain strategy of politeness is determined by her motives to do an FTAand factor of distance, power, and rate of imposition. In addition, the author is successful inshaping the character of Bree as a polite person through her language, and the way she speaksand interacts with other characters. For pragmatics students, they still have to be aware of socialfactors which influence the use of a specified strategy of politeness. The pragmatics lecturersneed to give more examples of politeness strategies from various contexts to their students.Future researchers are expected to conduct research of politeness not only in real life, but also increated discourses. A comparative study on the use of politeness strategies between English andIndonesian in daily lives, or between English and Indonesian' fictions can become challengingissues for the study of politeness
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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