1,720,956 research outputs found
Candidate gender and media attention in the 2015 UK General Election
No full textSome scholars have argued that lower levels of media attention given to female candidates, relative to male candidates, may contribute to the under-representation of women in politics. Yet, other research suggests female candidates may receive more coverage than male candidates. To advance our understanding of this issue, we introduce and analyse a novel dataset measuring the weekly quantity of newspaper coverage given to 72 different candidates across 34 of the most marginal constituencies in the 2015 UK General Election. The data span 31 local and 6 national newspapers. Statistical analyses and two pairs of quantitatively matched, qualitative comparisons suggest that female candidates received more newspaper coverage than male candidates, even after controlling for several alternative predictors of media attention including party, incumbency, and time until election. Our findings have important implications for debates about gender equality in British politics
Gender and press coverage in 2015 ad 2016 UK political campaigns
No full textThis thesis investigates the role of gender in the media coverage of selected political campaigns taking place in the UK in years 2015-2016. Although the literature on this topic is extensive, the findings of the existing studies are equivocal. While there dominates a perception of the existence of differences in volume and substance of coverage depicting men and women candidates, some studies challenge those findings. Moreover, in the UK, there is a deficiency of systematic studies on the subject, while the existing ones are limited when it comes to the media image of women candidates standing for higher political offices, as well as the role of local media.This research accounts for both the national as well as local press, providing a new and unique perspective. It also explores the perception of the candidates during different types of election - from an election for MPs at local constituency level (2015 general election), to those for party leaders and prime ministerial office (2015 Labour leadership and 2016 Conservative leadership elections). To derive robust inferences, the study investigates both volume and substance of the press coverage collected from 37 digital press titles using a unique, computerised system developed for the sole purpose of this thesis. The data analysis involves elements of statistics, complemented with a qualitative investigation of articles, as well as interviews with parliamentary candidates, to provide a more in-depth interpretation of the quantitative findings.This thesis concludes that in most cases the visibility of women candidates was not compromised. Furthermore, the analysis of coverage substance reveals that typically, albeit not universally, the press was gender-neutral. While it has been observed that in some isolated cases gender bias against women candidates still existed, these instances were rare and unsystematic, the amount of such coverage was inconsiderable, while in a few instances it was the men candidates who received gender-biased coverage. Therefore, this research argues that the perception of the omnipresent gender-bias against women might not be a true reflection of present reality. This work also suggests that the media scrutiny might not be reserved solely for women, and that candidates could introduce gender-related issues themselves as a part of a political campaign.This PhD suggests that the biased media coverage of women political candidates does not seem to be the causal pathway to their under-representation in politics. Furthermore, it suggests that women themselves can, at least in part, control the content of their media coverage and thus steer the campaigns in the desired direction. While this thesis does not claim that sexism in the media is entirely absent, nor that it has not been a barrier to the world of politics in the past, it concludes that nowadays the media could be less gender-biased that it used to be thought. It is hoped that this positive result may encourage more women to enter the world of politics in the future
Place-based politics and nested deprivation in the UK: beyond Cities-Towns, ‘Two Englands’, and the ‘Left behind’
Full text link‘Place-based explanations’ of politics in the UK draw on survey data to tell sweeping narratives about ‘Two Englands’, or of sizeable regions of the country that have been ‘Left Behind’, reinforcing popular accounts of a North-South or city-town divide. We introduce the concept of nested deprivation—deprivation that may occur in just one housing estate or even one row of flats within neighbourhoods that are otherwise affluent. We report on intensive fieldwork in 8 neighbourhoods across Dorset, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight that varied in terms of both their relative affluence and their density of population (including urban, suburban/satellite, market town or rural village). We highlight the three key themes and consequences that emerge for those living in nested deprivation in relatively affluent and geographically dispersed contexts: a) either disconnection from or entrapment within the local economy; b) social isolation and atomization; and c) powerlessness to affect politics. As such, we conclude that ‘place –based’ explanations of rapid and radical changes to political participation in Britain need to take fine-grained geographical distinctions much more seriously. Our study provides evidence that the rising tides in affluent areas are drowning some residents rather than lifting all boats. Where deprivation is dispersed and then nested within mostly affluent constituencies it does not allow for the political mobilisation among communities of interest that is a necessary condition for pluralist representative democracies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
