305,116 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Targeting cell envelope synthesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae and microfluidic diagnostic tool development
No full textEvolving antibiotic resistance warrants the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches as part of the strategies to secure future antibacterial therapies and preserve the compounds currently available. Work constituting the thesis characterized small molecules yielded from a screen for autolysis inducing compounds on Streptococcus pneumoniae. Two compound classes were characterized, and their targets identified.The alkylated di-cyclohexyl carboxylic acid 2CCA-1 was identified as a fatty acid mimetic, that is incorporated into pneumococcal phospholipids via the polyunsaturated host fatty acid metabolism pathway. The formed 2CCA-1 containing lipids alter membrane fluidity, and treatment with 3 μM 2CCA-1 resulted in decreased pneumococcal viability and cell wall hydrolase mediated lysis. Deletion of the fatty acid binding protein FakB3 rendered pneumococci resistant to 2CCA-1, which could explain the inherent 2CCA-1 resistance of Staphylococcus aureus as FakB3 homologues are predominantly absent in bacteria of the Bacillales order. The involvement of the transcriptional repressor of the endogenous fatty acid synthesis machinery FabT in 2CCA-1 resistance, showed that FakB3 dependent host fatty acid incorporation is regulated depending on extracellular fatty acid availability.The second compound class comprised analogs of 1-amino substituted Tetrahydrocarbazoles (THCz). THCz analogs are active in the low micromolar range against an array of gram-positive bacteria as well as mycobacteria, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Mode of action studies identified the pyrophosphate moiety of undecaprenyl pyrophosphate as the minimal binding motif for THCz, which depended on the central diamino moiety for activity. THCz analogs consequently inhibited cell wall, teichoic acid and capsular biosynthesis. Reduction of the polysaccharide capsule increased pneumococcal tolerance to the compound, but resistant mutants could not be obtained.Furthermore, we developed a microfluidic based sample preparation method for decomplexation of bacteria containing whole blood. First, blood cells were selectively lysed while preserving bacterial viability. For the reduction of the small, below micrometer sized debris, gradient acoustic focusing was developed, that allowed separation of bacteria from the blood lysate in a microfluidic channel. The so purified sample might facilitate further microfluidic downstream operations to accelerate antimicrobial susceptibility determination of the sepsis causing pathogen. In conclusion, the thesis work identifies the target of two new compounds with bactericidal activity and presents a microfluidic based method for sample preparation as tool in sepsis diagnosis.List of scientific papersI. Reithuber E., Nannapaneni P., Rzhepishevska O., Lindgren AEG., Illchenko O., Normark S., Almqvist F., Henriques-Normark B., Mellroth P. The bactericidal fatty acid mimetic 2CCA-1 selectively targets pneumococcal extracellular polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism. mBio. 2020 Dec 15; 11(6):e03027-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.03027-20 II. Reithuber E., Wixe T., Ludwig K.C., Müller A., Uvell H., Grein F., Lindgren AEG., Muschiol S., Nannapaneni P., Eriksson A., Schneider T., Normark S., Henriques-Normark B., Almqvist F., Mellroth P. THCz – A small molecule with antimicrobial activity that blocks cell wall lipid intermediates. [Manuscript]III. Van Assche D., Reithuber E., Qiu W., Laurell T., Henriques-Normark B., Mellroth P., Ohlsson P., Augustsson P. Gradient acoustic focusing of sub-micron particles for separation of bacteria from blood lysate. Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 28; 10(1):3670. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60338-2 </p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
Mining e-mail content for author identification forensics
No full textWe describe an investigation into e-mail content mining for author identification, or authorship attribution, for the purpose of forensic investigation. We focus our discussion on the ability to discriminate between authors for the case of both aggregated e-mail topics as well as across different email topics. An extended set of e-mail document features including structural characteristics and linguistic patterns were derived and, together with a Support Vector Machine learning algorithm, were used for mining the e-mail content. Experiments using a number of e-mail documents generated by different authors on a set of topics gave promising results for both aggregated and multi-topic author categorisation
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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