1,721,959 research outputs found
Strategies to limit the metabolic complications of treatment for HIV infection
Get PDFDanner, S.A. [Promotor]Reiss, P. [Promotor]Agtmael, M.A. van [Copromotor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Mitochondria, HIV infection and its treatment: where do we go from here?
No full textThe idea of organizing a meeting on different aspectsof the interactions between mitochondria, HIV infectionand its treatment emerged as a result of thegrowing interest the scientific community has shown inthis topic during recent years. Many of the scientistswho have been conducting clinical as well as morebasic research in this field responded enthusiastically tothe invitation to present and discuss their ongoingresearch at the first international conference on“Mitochondrial toxicity and HIV infection: understandingthe pathogenesis for a therapeutic approach”,held in Modena (Italy) from May 19-21, 2005. Theinitiative for this conference was taken by ProfessorAndrea Cossarizza, Chair of Immunology at theUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia, and hiscolleagues from the Department of Infectious Diseasesat the same University, Professor Roberto Esposito andDr Cristina Mussini.The meeting was made possible by un unrestrictededucational grant from Gilead Sciences, Italy, andpublication of part of the proceedings of the meeting inthis supplement of Antiviral Therapy was madepossible by an unrestricted grant from Sigma Tau, Italy.We wish to underline that the conference organizershad full responsibility for the content of theprogramme as well as the choice of speakers andsession chairs, without any interference from the pharmaceuticalsponsors. All papers appearing in thissupplement underwent peer-review prior to beingconsidered for publication.The meeting started with a lectura magistralis given byProfessor Vladimir Skulachev (State University ofMoscow, Russia), one of the founding fathers of thefield of “bioenergetics”, who provided an overview onprogrammed death in relation to ageing, at the level ofindividual cells (apoptosis), whole organisms (phenoptosis)as well as subcellular organelles includingmitochondria (mitoptosis). This stimulated discussionon whether several of the adverse effects of treatmentfor HIV infection might be a reflection of “acceleratedageing” by mechanisms including mitochondrialtoxicity.The talks and related discussions that took place in thefollowing days revealed that several issues concerningthe detrimental effects which HIV, other concomitantinfections such as those with hepatitis C, and HIVtherapy may have on mitochondria warrant furtherinvestigation and clarification in the years to come.What is becoming increasingly clear is that antiretrovirals,and nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptaseinhibitors (nRTI) in particular, may affect mitochondriain more ways than one. Inhibition by nRTI ofDNA γ-polymerase resulting in mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) depletion remains one of the cornerstones bywhich nRTI may induce mitochondrial toxicity. It isevident however that nRTI and even other classes ofantiretrovirals such as HIV protease inhibitors, mayhave additional effects on mitochondria, for instanceby way of exerting direct effects on mtRNA transcriptionand mitochondrial enzymes. Differences betweenindividual agents as well as differences in the extent towhich these effects may play a role in different celltypes remain to be further delineated.An important problem still remaining is the choice ofthe type of cell in which to best measure mitochondrialmarkers as a possible reflection of treatment toxicity.Blood obviously remains the easiest tissue to obtainfrom patients, but contamination with platelets whichcontain numerous mitochondria may yield poorlyinterpretable results when using whole blood orperipheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Betterpurified cell populations such as isolated CD4+ orCD8+ T lymphocytes, or platelet-depleted lymphocytes or monocytes may provide more reliable results andneed to be investigated further. Nevertheless, othertissues and cells coming directly from the organsystems affected by the treatment toxicity being studied(for instance adipose, hepatic or renal) may be moreinformative, and more appropriate when trying toassess the possible mitochondrial pathogenesis underlyinga specific drug toxicity.In order for any marker of mitochondrial toxicity tobecome clinically useful for the early detection of drugtoxicity, its sensitivity, specificity and predictive valuewould have to be adequately demonstrated in thecontext of appropriate clinical studies. Several technologies,assays and methodologies are nowadays usedby several groups to analyse different aspects ofmitochondrial biology. Flow cytometry and confocalmicroscopy, utilizing specific fluorescent probes, candetect at the single cell level changes in several mitochondrialparameters (including changes in internalmembrane potential or organelle mass), as well asmodification in the morphology of the cell or tissueunder investigation, and are widely used in differentlaboratories. Classic biochemical assays, which canmeasure different aspects of mitochondrial respiratorychain function, are also quite popular, even if theyoften require large amounts of biological material,classically skeletal muscle. Thanks to the improvementin molecular biological techniques, including assaysbased upon the real time polymerase chain reaction,the measurement of the amount of mitochondrial DNAper cell is becoming easier, and a variety of scientists –even if different genes are used as target – are obtainingsimilar results, also as far as the absolute number ofmtDNA copies in a given cell is concerned.Nevertheless, adequate quality control and assuranceprogrammes are key in order to allow comparison ofresults obtained by different groups of investigators.Of note, a task force focussing on the further standardizationof mtDNA quantification, involvinginvestigators in the US, Canada, Australia, and Europe,has just been created. Similar approaches should beadvocated for the evaluation of additional mitochondrialmarkers such as the quantification ofmitochondrial RNA.Conferences such as the one held in Modena will hopefullycontribute to the further unravelling of the rolemitochondria play in the setting of HIV infection andits treatment, ultimately leading to safer treatments forour patients
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
