1,721,270 research outputs found
Causality in the Biomedical and Social Sciences
No full textThe concept of cause is of extraordinary importance for the sci- ences. Scientists want to know the causes of phenomena because they want to be able to predict them, explain them, and gain con- trol over them via interventions. In the second half of the twentieth century many researchers who were influenced by logical positiv- ism, especially in the social sciences, tried to avoid the term ‘cause’ and its cognates. But much of their work always remained implicitly causal, and the concept experienced a philosophical revival towards the end of the century.
Today causality is one of the most fertile areas of research in the philosophy of science, as the papers in this special section attest. They demonstrate that the philosophy of causality goes well be- yond the Humean questions, ‘What is causality?’ and ‘How can we know?’, and ranges across topics as varied as causal probabili- ties (Drouet), inferentialist semantics (Reiss), hierarchies among causal models (Hoover), the modal character of interventions (Reutlinger), the causal structure of mechanisms (Menzies), differ- ence-making and mechanistic evidence for causal claims (Claveau), and statistical norms in causal attributions (Sytsma et al.).
These papers were first presented at the conference ‘Causality in the Biomedical and Social Sciences’, which was held in Rotter- dam in 2010 and is part of the Causality in the Sciences (CitS) conference series
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Freedoms, Political Economy, and Liberalism
No full textThis chapter discusses contemporary political economy’s view of the liberal order to unveil its difficulty with the defense of such an order. The chapter then suggests that the embodiment of individual perceptions, values, and beliefs in political economy’s frame of the liberal order is instrumental to set in motion policies and institutional changes that are respectful of liberal institutions and supportive of the material and immaterial benefits secured by a liberal political order. This is because the institutional freedoms dealt with in political economy’s frame can then be analytically complemented by the personal freedoms and, together, better understand the path that leads to the affirmation of a liberal order
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