1,720,970 research outputs found
Vagrant Antarctic fur seals at Gough Island in 2009
Full text linkThe Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella at
Gough Island (40°20 S, 09°54 W) in the South Atlantic Ocean, first seen in October/November 2005, was recorded again in September–October 2009. Up to three different individual Antarctic fur seals were sighted on a single day, on a particular beach. A total of seven different individuals were recorded over a 3-week period, well before the onset of the breeding (pupping) season of the resident population of Subantarctic fur seals A. tropicalis. Positively identified
individuals were all male, mostly subadult and lean. Only a fraction (»20%) of the available beaches was searched, and it is unknown if the Antarctic fur seals were still present at Gough Island during the austral summer breeding season of southern fur seals
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Predatory impact of killer whales on pinniped and penguin populations at the Subantarctic Prince Edward Islands : fact and fiction
Full text linkKiller whales are the oceans’ apex predators and their potential effects on ecosystems have been
demonstrated. In the Southern Ocean the role of killer whale predation in population declines of southern
elephant seals remains largely speculative. We aimed to assess whether top-down control of pinniped and
penguin populations at the Subantarctic Prince Edward Islands is generally plausible using a simple process of
elimination. Based on published data we predicted the energetic ingestion requirements of adult male and
female killer whales as 1 394 MJ.day-1 and 1 028 MJ.day-1, respectively. Expanding these requirements to the
37 killer whales photographically identified at the Prince Edward Islands, the population requires
40 600MJ.day-1. Based on available energy density and mass data, we predicted the energy content of
available pinniped and penguin prey and calculated the rates at which killer whales would consume these prey
in various scenarios. Penguins and Subantarctic fur seals are relatively insensitive to killer whale predation
owing to their large population sizes (10 000s – 100 000s). Conversely, the smaller populations (100s – 1 000s)
of Antarctic fur seals and southern elephant seals are sensitive to predation, particularly the latter as they have
a high energy content (ca. 2 000 – 9 000 MJ). Populations of these seals are currently increasing or stable and
we conclude that presently killer whale predation is not driving population declines, although they clearly have
the potential for regulation of these smaller populations. Thus, if population sizes were reduced by bottom-up
processes, if killer whale diet shifted, or if prey availability changed, top-down predation by killer whales could become significant. By eliminating the possibility of some predation scenarios, we are better able to
concentrate future efforts on plausible predation effects.Department of Science and Technology (administered
through the National Research Foundation) for funding the marine
mammal monitoring programme at Marion Island.http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118535410/home-8369nf201
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Killer whale predation on subantarctic fur seals at Prince Edward Island, Southern Indian Ocean
No full textKiller whales at subantarctic Marion Island have been subjected to several scientific studies. In contrast, up until recently, there has been only one record of these animals documented for neighbouring Prince Edward Island. We here report on killer whale observations at Prince Edward Island during March 2012. During 3 days of opportunistic observations at a fur seal colony on the island, killer whales were sighted on six occasions. These probably represented three different pods numbering 11 individuals in total. During all sightings, individuals were seen hunting subantarctic fur seal pups, with four successful predatory events observed.</p
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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