1,720,975 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Development of a distance course and analysis of its effectiveness in the training of pharmacists for dispensing drugs (Pharmacists in dispensing drugs - Pharm Disp).
No full textA dispensação é um serviço farmacêutico importante para a promoção do uso correto dos medicamentos, prevenção de agravos à saúde e alcance de resultados satisfatórios da farmacoterapia. Entretanto, para que essa prática seja realizada adequadamente, é necessário que o farmacêutico esteja devidamente capacitado e possua conhecimento sobre fisiopatologia, terapêutica e legislação sanitária para subsidiar a relação com o paciente e com outros profissionais da saúde. Apesar disso, uma pesquisa revelou que 78,6% dos farmacêuticos não possuem conhecimento satisfatório para a realização da dispensação e mais da metade dos profissionais apontam a falta de tempo e recursos como obstáculo para a participação em cursos de capacitação presenciais. Buscando, então, intervir sobre os resultados da pesquisa citada, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a efetividade de um curso à distância na capacitação de farmacêuticos para a prática da dispensação de medicamentos. O estudo do tipo experimental teve como população farmacêuticos comunitários de todo o país. Desenvolveu-se um curso de capacitação na plataforma Moodle, no qual foi abordada a dispensação de medicamentos no tratamento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis mais prevalentes no Brasil (hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemias e asma). Um questionário foi elaborado e validado para mensurar o conhecimento dos participantes em dois momentos distintos: antes (baseline) e após (endpoint) o curso. Além disso, foram avaliados: i) a satisfação dos participantes em relação ao modelo de capacitação proposto, por meio de um questionário específico; ii) a prática da dispensação pelos farmacêuticos de Ribeirão Preto - SP selecionados para participar do curso, por meio da técnica do paciente simulado. Os resultados indicam que o curso foi efetivo na capacitação dos profissionais (p < 0,05), embora não tenha sido percebido no endpoint um melhor desempenho em relação à prática da dispensação entre os farmacêuticos que participaram da avaliação pelo paciente simulado. Apesar disso, os profissionais se mostraram satisfeitos com relação ao curso. Como conclusão, verificou-se que um curso à distância é efetivo para capacitar farmacêuticos em relação à dispensação de medicamentos, mas também permitiu atestar que essa estratégia não é suficiente para tornar satisfatória a realização do serviço. Atividades práticas que desenvolvam a performance e as condutas dos profissionais devem ser exploradas ao longo da capacitação. Todavia, o farmacêutico precisa também assumir posturas mais adequadas durante a dispensação, não permitindo que as pressões de mercado interfiram sobre a qualidade do seu serviço.The dispensing drugs is an important pharmaceutical service to promote the rational use of drugs and so it is possible to prevent health problems and achieve satisfactory results of pharmacotherapy. However, for this practice to be properly carried out, it is necessary that the pharmacist is properly trained and have knowledge about pathophysiology, treatments and health legislation to support the relationship with the patient and other health professionals. Nevertheless, a survey revealed that 78.6% of pharmacists do not have adequate knowledge to perform the dispensing drugs and more than half of these professionals point that the lack of time and resources as a barrier to participation in classroom training courses. So we seek to intervene on the results of the cited survey by this study that aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a distance learning course in the training of pharmacists to the practice of dispensing drugs. This is a clinical trial and the study population wer community pharmacists across the country. A training course was developed in Moodle, which was addressed to dispensing drugs in the treatment of the most prevalent chronic noncommunicable in Brazil (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and asthma). A questionnaire was developed and validated to measure the knowledge of the participants at two different times: before (baseline) and after (endpoint) the course. In addition, we also evaluated: i) the satisfaction of participants in relation to the proposed training model through a specific questionnaire; ii) the practice of dispensing drugs by pharmacists of Ribeirão Preto - SP selected to attend the course, through mistery shopper technique. The results indicate that the course was effective in professional training (p <0.05), although it was not realized in endpoint better performance in the practice of dispensing pharmacists who participated in the evaluation by the mistery shopper. Nevertheless, the professionals were satisfied with the course. In conclusion, it was found that a distance course is effective to enable pharmacists in relation to the dispensing drugs, but also allowed certify that this strategy is not sufficient to render satisfactory service realization. Practical activities to develop the performance and behavior of professionals should be explored along the training. However, the pharmacist must also take more appropriate positions during the dispensation and not allow market pressures to interfere on the quality of their service
Knowledge and behaviors of pharmacists for dispensing of drugs and performing pharmaceutical care in pharmacies
No full textIntrodução. A profissão farmacêutica está em uma fase de transição na qual se tenta resgatar ao farmacêutico o papel de responsável pela farmacoterapia. Nesse sentido, a dispensação de medicamentos e a realização da Atenção Farmacêutica emergem como ferramentas eficazes para viabilizar o sucesso do tratamento medicamentoso. Entretanto, para que os resultados sejam favoráveis à saúde do usuário de medicamentos, é fundamental que o profissional possua o conhecimento necessário para a realização dos serviços farmacêuticos citados e demonstre condutas adequadas frente aos mesmos. Além disso, o tempo despendido pelos farmacêuticos com atividades não relacionadas à profissão e os interesses comerciais sobre a venda dos medicamentos podem limitar a realização adequada desses serviços. Objetivo. Avaliar o conhecimento dos farmacêuticos para a prática da dispensação de medicamentos e da Atenção Farmacêutica em drogarias, verificando suas condutas para executá-las. Casuística e Métodos. Durante o desenvolvimento deste estudo descritivo, todas as drogarias de quatro municípios brasileiros foram visitadas entre outubro e dezembro de 2012 e os farmacêuticos que atuavam nesses estabelecimentos foram convidados a responder um questionário estruturado e validado contendo 47 perguntas relacionadas aos profissionais e às drogarias onde trabalhavam. Os dados coletados foram tabulados em duplicata por dois pesquisadores independentes, sendo posteriormente analisados. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto. Resultados e Discussão. Durante a coleta de dados foram visitadas 486 drogarias e apenas 112 farmacêuticos aceitaram participar do estudo. A maioria deles era do gênero feminino (72,3%), tinha entre 20 e 30 anos de idade (48,2%), havia se formado em instituições privadas (72,8%) e trabalhava na mesma drogaria entre um e cinco anos (49,1%). Mais da metade dos participantes ocupava a função de responsável técnico (55,4%), sendo que 38,7% deles trabalhavam mais que 44h/semana e 40,3% recebiam menos que o piso salarial como remuneração. Com relação à dispensação de medicamentos, 78,6% dos farmacêuticos não apresentaram conhecimento satisfatório para realizar esse serviço, o que revela possíveis lacunas na formação e na educação continuada dos profissionais. Inversamente ao que ocorre em países mais desenvolvidos, verificou-se que as atividades gerenciais são realizadas com frequência pelos profissionais, restando um curto período de tempo para a dispensação. Fatores como o comissionamento sobre a venda de medicamentos e a comercialização de produtos alheios a saúde representam obstáculos para que as drogarias sejam compreendidas como estabelecimentos de saúde. Os participantes demonstraram não possuir conhecimento satisfatório também com relação a Atenção Farmacêutica, havendo participantes que delegam a funcionários leigos em Farmácia a responsabilidade pela execução desse serviço. Setenta e nove farmacêuticos alegaram realizar a Atenção Farmacêutica, mas apenas quatro parecem desempenhar as atividades relacionadas a essa prática conforme determina a legislação sanitária. Conclusão. Os farmacêuticos não possuem conhecimento suficiente para realizar a dispensação de medicamentos e a Atenção Farmacêutica em drogarias, além de apresentarem condutas inadequadas à promoção do uso racional de medicamentos durante a dispensação.Introduction. The pharmacy profession is in a transition phase in which it tries to rescue the role of pharmacists as professionals responsible for the pharmacotherapy. In this way, dispensing of drugs and Pharmaceutical Care practice emerge as effective tools to enable the success of drug treatment. However, it is essential that the professional acquire the necessary knowledge and demonstrate adequate behavior to perform the pharmaceutical services mentioned above in order to provide results that improve the health of patients. Furthermore, the time spent by pharmacists with activities not related to the profession and the commercial interests on the sale of drugs may limit the proper performance of those services. Objective. To evaluate the knowledge of pharmacists to the practice of dispensing of drugs and Pharmaceutical Care in pharmacies, verifying their behavior to accomplish these services. Patients and Methods. During the development of this descriptive study, all pharmacies of four Brazilian municipalities were visited between October and December 2012. The pharmacists who worked in these establishments were invited to answer a structured and validated questionnaire containing 47 questions related to the professionals and the pharmacies where they worked. The collected data were tabulated in duplicate by two independent researchers for later analysis. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto. Results and Discussion. During data collection, 486 pharmacies were visited but only 112 pharmacists agreed to participate on the study. Most of them were female (72.3%), from 20 to 30 years old (48.2%), graduated in private institutions (72.8%) and worked in the same pharmacy between one and five years (49.1%). More than half of the participants were pharmacist supervisors (55.4%), while 38.7% of them worked more than 44h/week and 40.3% earned less than the minimum salary recommended. Considering the dispensing of drugs, 78.6% of the pharmacists did not present enough knowledge to perform this service, which reveals possible gaps in training and continuous education of this professionals. In contrast to what occurs in more developed countries, the management activities are performed frequently by this professionals remaining a short period of time to perform dispensing of drugs. Factors such as the commissioning of drug sales and marketing of products unrelated to health represent obstacles to make the pharmacies recognized as health establishment. The participants demonstrated a lack of satisfactory knowledge even in relation to Pharmaceutical Care, since they delegate the responsibility of this service to lay employees. Seventy-nine pharmacists claimed to perform pharmaceutical care, but only four appear to perform activities related to this practice according to what is stated by the sanitary legislation. Conclusion. The pharmacists lack sufficient knowledge to perform dispensing of drugs and pharmaceutical care in pharmacies, moreover they present some inadequate behavior to promote the rational use of drugs
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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