186,364 research outputs found
First Principles simulations
No full textIn this paper we outline the major features of the “ab-initio” simulation scheme of Car and
Parrinello, focusing on the physical ideas and computational details at the basis of its efficiency
and success. We briefly review the main applications of the method. We discuss the limitations
of the standard scheme, as well as recent developments proposed in order to extend the reach
of the method. Moreover, we consider more in detail two specific subjects. First, we describe a simple improvement
(Gradient Corrections) on the basic approximation of the "ab-initio" simulation, ie the
Local Density Approximation. These corrections can be easily and efficiently included in the
Car-Parrinello code, bringing computed structural and cohesive properties significantly closer
to their experimental values. Finally, we discuss the choice of the pseudopotential, with special
attention to the possibilities and limitations of the last generation of soft pseudopotentials
The Influence of Elections on the Accounting Choices of Governmental Entities
No full textThis paper investigates whether gubernatorial elections affect state governments’ accounting choices. We identify two accounts, the compensated absence liability account and the unfunded pension liability account, which provide incumbent gubernatorial candidates with flexibility for manipulation. We find that, in an election year, the liability associated with compensated absences and unfunded pension liabilities are both systematically lower. We also find that the variation in these employment-related liabilities is correlated with proxies for the incumbent's incentives and ability to manipulate their accounting reports. Jointly, these results suggest that state governments manipulate accounting numbers to present a healthier financial picture in an election year
Public pension accounting rules and economic outcomes
No full textWe find a negative association between a state׳s fiscal condition and the use of discretion in applying Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) rules to understate pension funding gaps. We also find that the use of discretion is negatively associated with states’ decisions to increase taxes and cut spending. In addition, we find that the funding gap understatement is positively associated with higher future labor costs. Importantly, this association is primarily attributable to the GASB methodology, which systematically understates the funding gap. This suggests that the GASB approach is associated with policy choices that have the potential to exacerbate fiscal stress. Keywords: Public pension;
Economic consequences of accounting rules; Real decision
Reining in Provincial Fiscal ‘Owners’: Decentralization in Lao PDR
No full textJorge Martinez-Vazquez and Andrey Timofeev. Reining in Provincial Fiscal ‘Owners’: Decentralization in Lao PDR in Jorge Martinez-Vazquez and Francois Vaillancourt (eds.) Decentralization in Developing Countries: Global Perspectives on the Obstacles to Fiscal Devolution, 187-213. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011.
(c) Edward Elgar Publishing; posted by permission for personal use only</p
Heart rate and hematological responses of quarter horses to a reining competition
No full textThe purpose of this study was to estimate the work intensity of a reining pattern and to determine hematological responses of trained Quarter Horses during a reining competition. Twelve Quarter Horses between four and eight years of age were equipped with a heart rate monitor at a National Reining Horse Association approved Horse Show. Heart rates were continuously recorded from approximately the last 30 minutes of the warm-up until two minutes after leaving the arena. The performance of each participant was video recorded and heart rates subsequently assigned to the different maneuvers. Blood samples were taken at rest and one minute after completion of the pattern. Average time needed to complete the pattern was 2:53 +/- 0:09 minutes over a distance of about 680 meters (3.9 m/s mean average velocity). The heart rate increased continuously from the beginning of the performance until a plateau was reached during canter. Highest heart rates were induced by roll-backs and stopping with 181 +/- 13 bpm. One minute after completion of the pattern heart rate dropped to 86 +/- 12 bpm. During the pattern mean plasma lactate increased significantly (P<0.001) to 5.1 +/- 1.9 mmol/l. PCV increased (p<0.05) to 48.6 +/- 2.8% with concomitant significant changes in the number of red blood cells (10.6 +/- 0.8 x 10(12)/l), hemoglobin concentration (17.5 +/- 1.2 g/dl) and related parameters. The number of white blood cells increased significantly to 10.01 +/- 1.50 x10(9)/l with a shift in the numbers of neutrophils from 4.38 +/-0.51 x 10(9)/l to 5.53 +/- 0.87 x 10(9)/l and in lymphocytes from 2.89 +/- 0.56 x 10(9)/l to 3.96 +/- 0.86 x 10(9)/l.
The reining pattern and its preceding warm-up period induced increased anaerobic glycolysis and subsequent mild accumulation of lactate. Performing a reining pattern represents only a submaximal workload with no signs of fatigue in adult Quarter Horses, Aerobic conditioning in combination with fast power training seems to be indicated in the training of reining Quarter Horses in addition to practicing motor skill
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
sj-docx-1-srd-10.1177_23780231221103044 – Supplemental material for Reining in Punitive Discipline: Recent Trends in Exclusionary School Discipline Disparities
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-srd-10.1177_23780231221103044 for Reining in Punitive Discipline: Recent Trends in Exclusionary School Discipline Disparities by NaYoung Hwang, Emily K. Penner, Miles Davison, Tanya Sanabria, Paul Hanselman, Thurston Domina and Andrew M. Penner in Socius</p
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