170,827 research outputs found
Differential rotation in F stars
No full textDifferential rotation can be detected in single line profiles of stars rotating more rapidly than about v sin i = 10 km s(-1) with the Fourier transform technique. This allows to search for differential rotation in large samples to look for correlations between differential rotation and other stellar parameters. I analyze the fraction of differentially rotating stars as a function of color, rotation, and activity in a large sample of F-type stars. Color and rotation exhibit a correlation with differential rotation in the sense that more stars are rotating differentially in the cooler, less rapidly rotating stars. Effects of rotation and color, however, cannot be disentangled in the underlying sample. No trend with activity is found. (c) 2007 WHEY VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Ultra‐cool and extra‐vigorous: Rotation and activity in Mand L dwarfs
No full textThe study of rotation and activity in low-mass stars or brown dwarfs of spectral classes M and L has seen enormous progress during the last years. I summarize the results from different works that measured activity, rotation, and sometimes magnetic fields. The generation of magnetic activity seems to be unchanged at the threshold to completely convective stars, i.e. no change in the efficiency of the magnetic dynamos is observed. On the other hand, a sudden change in the strength of rotational braking appears at the threshold mass to full convection, and strong evidence exists for rotational braking weakening with lower mass. A probable explanation is that the field topology changes from dipolar to small scale structure as the objects become fully convective. (c) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Short as well as long transport duration can affect the welfare of slaughter pigs
No full textAttention to the welfare of animals during slaughter transport and lairage at the abattoir is important not only to consumers, but also to the meat production industry. Inadequate transport conditions can result in higher animal mortalities and meat quality problems after slaughter of such animals. In the present study the development of mortality rates both during and after the transport of slaughter pigs, and the incidence of pathological findings, was investigated. It could be shown that the percentage of animals which died during transport and in lairage clearly decreased between 1999 and 2003. This improvement was due mainly to the reduction of animal losses in the summer season where the highest losses over the investigated years occurred. Considering the duration of the transport it could be shown that not only very long (8 h), but also short journeys (I h) can affect the welfare of animals with increased mortalities and pathological findings during the veterinary inspection at the slaughterhouse, particularly in the summer season. The results presented indicate that the tightening of European animal welfare legislation concerning loading, transport, unloading and lairage of slaughter pigs improved mortality rates and the incidence of pathological findings. Another reason could be a reduction of the percentage of stress susceptible pigs in the porcine population. However, until now the regulations on animal welfare during pig slaughter transport focused only on long-term journeys; the results presented show that short journeys can also affect the welfare of the animals
Mortalitätsraten beim Transport von Schlachtschweinen
No full textThe welfare of slaughter animals during transport is influenced by exogenic (e.g. climate, duration of transport) and endogenic factors (e.g. MHS status of the transported animals). In the present study the development of animal losses during pig slaughter transports in Germany was investigated. It could be shown that the percentage of animals died during or after the transport decreased clearly between 1999 and 2003. This improvement was mainly due to the reductions of animal losses in the summer months June, July and August a season with high losses over the years. With regard to the duration of the transport it could be shown that not only long (circle divide 8h), but also very short transports (circle divide 1h) affect the welfare of the animals with increased mortalities as well as circulation problems, fractures etc. From the presented results it could be concluded that the tight regulations for animal transports as well as the decrease of homozygote MHS-positive pigs improved the animal losses during transport although in some points like minimal and maximal duration of transport and transport conditions (e.g. ventilation) further changes and regulations are necessary
Short as well as long transport duration can affect the welfare of slaughter pigs
No full textAttention to the welfare of animals during slaughter transport and lairage at the abattoir is important not only to consumers, but also to the meat production industry. Inadequate transport conditions can result in higher animal mortalities and meat quality problems after slaughter of such animals. In the present study the development of mortality rates both during and after the transport of slaughter pigs, and the incidence of pathological findings, was investigated. It could be shown that the percentage of animals which died during transport and in lairage clearly decreased between 1999 and 2003. This improvement was due mainly to the reduction of animal losses in the summer season where the highest losses over the investigated years occurred. Considering the duration of the transport it could be shown that not only very long (8 h), but also short journeys (I h) can affect the welfare of animals with increased mortalities and pathological findings during the veterinary inspection at the slaughterhouse, particularly in the summer season. The results presented indicate that the tightening of European animal welfare legislation concerning loading, transport, unloading and lairage of slaughter pigs improved mortality rates and the incidence of pathological findings. Another reason could be a reduction of the percentage of stress susceptible pigs in the porcine population. However, until now the regulations on animal welfare during pig slaughter transport focused only on long-term journeys; the results presented show that short journeys can also affect the welfare of the animals
Mortalitätsraten beim Transport von Schlachtschweinen
No full textThe welfare of slaughter animals during transport is influenced by exogenic (e.g. climate, duration of transport) and endogenic factors (e.g. MHS status of the transported animals). In the present study the development of animal losses during pig slaughter transports in Germany was investigated. It could be shown that the percentage of animals died during or after the transport decreased clearly between 1999 and 2003. This improvement was mainly due to the reductions of animal losses in the summer months June, July and August a season with high losses over the years. With regard to the duration of the transport it could be shown that not only long (circle divide 8h), but also very short transports (circle divide 1h) affect the welfare of the animals with increased mortalities as well as circulation problems, fractures etc. From the presented results it could be concluded that the tight regulations for animal transports as well as the decrease of homozygote MHS-positive pigs improved the animal losses during transport although in some points like minimal and maximal duration of transport and transport conditions (e.g. ventilation) further changes and regulations are necessary
The necropolis of Can Reiners (7th c. AD, Mallorca, Spain): demography, health, and lifestyle
No full textEl presente estudio se centra en la reconstrucción de la dieta, el estilo de vida y la salud de la población que vivió en torno al siglo VII c. AD en la costa norte de la isla de Mallorca (España). Los restos óseos proceden de la necrópolis de Can Reiners, situada sobre el antiguo foro de la ciudad romana de Pollentia. En la excavación que se llevó a cabo entre 1980 y 1988 se localizaron más de 200 sepulturas de cuatro tipologías diferentes. Esta tesis analiza el material osteológico de las 156 sepulturas que contenían restos humanos en las que se identificaron un total de 226 esqueletos. El análisis demográfico mostró un 63.9% de individuos adultos y un 36.1% de subadultos. En cuanto a los adultos, solamente un 15.8% se diagnosticaron como maduros, mientras que no se identificó ningún individuo senil. Entre la población, el 37% eran hombres y el 25.5% mujeres, mientras que en un 37.5% de los individuos no se pudo determinar el sexo. Se observó pues un desequilibrio en la mortalidad entre ambos sexos, siendo la proporción (masculino/femenino = 1,5) favorable a los varones. La tasa bruta de mortalidad de los individuos Can Reiners era de un 37.59% y la expectativa de vida al nacer de 26.6 años aproximadamente. Así pues, los resultados de los análisis de este conjunto mostraron una alta mortalidad y una baja esperanza de vida que se ajusta a los valores esperados para las poblaciones antiguas. Por otro lado, las bajas frecuencias de patologías tales como osteoartrosis y traumatismos están de acuerdo con los datos demográficos. También se analizaron otros aspectos bioantropológicos singulares, no habitualmente analizados en los estudios antropológicos. Se elaboró un nuevo método para el estudio de la maloclusión basado en la práctica clínica dental pero adecuado al estudio de restos antiguos, normalmente muy fragmentados. Los resultados mostraron que la normoclusión dentaria está presente en el 70% de la muestra. Además los individuos de Can Reiners presentaron características oclusales parecidas a las poblaciones antiguas (p.e. alto desgaste y molar relación clase III) pero también a las modernas (p.e. apiñamiento, mordida cruzada). Finalmente se obtuvieron otros datos interesantes sobre la población a través del análisis de los microrestos contenidos en el cálculo dental. Para ello, la investigación siguió dos pasos. El primer paso se centró en la caracterización de las semillas de los cereales cultivados en el Mediterráneo –que proporcionan el mayor contenido de almidón (aproximadamente 70%) y son una de las principales fuentes de carbohidratos de la dieta humana- con el fin de disponer de datos empíricos para la identificación de los elementos que se pudieran hallar en el análisis posterior. El segundo paso consistió en el análisis microscópico de diferentes muestras de cálculo dentales procedentes de los individuos de la necrópolis de Can Reiners. Los resultados mostraron la presencia de distintos tipos de granos de almidón, indicando la utilización de diversos cultivos de cereales en la isla. Otros restos botánicos como esporas y granos de polen, ofrecen también información sobre el entorno en el que vivieron estos individuos. La identificación de estos microrestos ha demostrado ser una poderosa herramienta para la reconstrucción de la dieta, los hábitos y el entorno físico y social de las poblaciones antiguas.The present study focused on the reconstruction of the diet, lifestyle and health of the individuals that lived around 7th c. AD in the northern coast of the island of Mallorca (Spain). The skeletal remains came from the Necropolis of Can Reiners, located above the ancient forum of the Roman city of Pollentia. The excavation, conducted between 1980 and 1988, unearthed more than 200 burials of four different typologies. This thesis analyzed the osteological material of 156 of these burials, that contained a total of 226 individuals. Demographic analysis showed that the sample is composed of 63.9% of adults and 36.1% of non-adults. Regarding adults only 15.8% of the individuals were mature and no senile were present. Among the population, 37% were males, 25.5% females and 37.5% individuals of unknown sex. We observed that the mortality was not balanced between sexes, being the sex ratio (male/female=1.5) favorable to males. The crude mortality rate for Can Reiners individuals is 37.59% and the life expectancy at birth was approximately 26.6 years. Therefore, results of the analysis of our sample showed a high mortality and low life expectancy, which conforms to the expected values for ancient populations such as this one. Therefore, the low frequencies of pathologies such as osteoarthritis and traumas agree with the demographic data. We also analyzed other original bioanthropological aspects of the population. We elaborated a new method based on clinical dental practice suitable for fragmented skeletal remains in order to study the presence of malocclusion in ancient skeletal material. Our findings exhibited that the individuals of Can Reiners showed occlusal characteristics of ancient (such as high dental wear and molar relationship Class III) and modern (crowding, crossbite, among others) populations, although the normocclusion was present in 70% of the sample. Finally interesting data were discovered through the analysis of the microremains observed within the dental calculus. In this context the research followed two steps. Step one focused on the characterization of several cereal seeds cultivated in the Mediterranean -since they are the plant organ with the highest starch content (about 70%) and one of the major sources of carbohydrates of the human diet- in order to eventually identify them in the microscopic analysis. Step two consisted in the microscopic analysis of different dental calculi sampled from skeletal remains recovered from the necropolis of Can Reiners. Within the sampled dental calculi the presence of different starch grains pointed to the use of various cereals crops in the island. Other botanical remains, such as spores and pollen grains, indicated the environment where they lived. The identification of these remains could be a powerful instrument for the reconstruction of the ancient diet, habits and the physical and social environment of the ancient populations
The necropolis of Can Reiners (7th c. AD, Mallorca, Spain): demography, health, and lifestyle
No full textEl presente estudio se centra en la reconstrucción de la dieta, el estilo de vida y la salud de la población que vivió en torno al siglo VII c. AD en la costa norte de la isla de Mallorca (España). Los restos óseos proceden de la necrópolis de Can Reiners, situada sobre el antiguo foro de la ciudad romana de Pollentia. En la excavación que se llevó a cabo entre 1980 y 1988 se localizaron más de 200 sepulturas de cuatro tipologías diferentes. Esta tesis analiza el material osteológico de las 156 sepulturas que contenían restos humanos en las que se identificaron un total de 226 esqueletos. El análisis demográfico mostró un 63.9% de individuos adultos y un 36.1% de subadultos. En cuanto a los adultos, solamente un 15.8% se diagnosticaron como maduros, mientras que no se identificó ningún individuo senil. Entre la población, el 37% eran hombres y el 25.5% mujeres, mientras que en un 37.5% de los individuos no se pudo determinar el sexo. Se observó pues un desequilibrio en la mortalidad entre ambos sexos, siendo la proporción (masculino/femenino = 1,5) favorable a los varones. La tasa bruta de mortalidad de los individuos Can Reiners era de un 37.59% y la expectativa de vida al nacer de 26.6 años aproximadamente. Así pues, los resultados de los análisis de este conjunto mostraron una alta mortalidad y una baja esperanza de vida que se ajusta a los valores esperados para las poblaciones antiguas. Por otro lado, las bajas frecuencias de patologías tales como osteoartrosis y traumatismos están de acuerdo con los datos demográficos. También se analizaron otros aspectos bioantropológicos singulares, no habitualmente analizados en los estudios antropológicos. Se elaboró un nuevo método para el estudio de la maloclusión basado en la práctica clínica dental pero adecuado al estudio de restos antiguos, normalmente muy fragmentados. Los resultados mostraron que la normoclusión dentaria está presente en el 70% de la muestra. Además los individuos de Can Reiners presentaron características oclusales parecidas a las poblaciones antiguas (p.e. alto desgaste y molar relación clase III) pero también a las modernas (p.e. apiñamiento, mordida cruzada). Finalmente se obtuvieron otros datos interesantes sobre la población a través del análisis de los microrestos contenidos en el cálculo dental. Para ello, la investigación siguió dos pasos. El primer paso se centró en la caracterización de las semillas de los cereales cultivados en el Mediterráneo -que proporcionan el mayor contenido de almidón (aproximadamente 70%) y son una de las principales fuentes de carbohidratos de la dieta humana- con el fin de disponer de datos empíricos para la identificación de los elementos que se pudieran hallar en el análisis posterior. El segundo paso consistió en el análisis microscópico de diferentes muestras de cálculo dentales procedentes de los individuos de la necrópolis de Can Reiners. Los resultados mostraron la presencia de distintos tipos de granos de almidón, indicando la utilización de diversos cultivos de cereales en la isla. Otros restos botánicos como esporas y granos de polen, ofrecen también información sobre el entorno en el que vivieron estos individuos. La identificación de estos microrestos ha demostrado ser una poderosa herramienta para la reconstrucción de la dieta, los hábitos y el entorno físico y social de las poblaciones antiguas.The present study focused on the reconstruction of the diet, lifestyle and health of the individuals that lived around 7th c. AD in the northern coast of the island of Mallorca (Spain). The skeletal remains came from the Necropolis of Can Reiners, located above the ancient forum of the Roman city of Pollentia. The excavation, conducted between 1980 and 1988, unearthed more than 200 burials of four different typologies. This thesis analyzed the osteological material of 156 of these burials, that contained a total of 226 individuals. Demographic analysis showed that the sample is composed of 63.9% of adults and 36.1% of non-adults. Regarding adults only 15.8% of the individuals were mature and no senile were present. Among the population, 37% were males, 25.5% females and 37.5% individuals of unknown sex. We observed that the mortality was not balanced between sexes, being the sex ratio (male/female=1.5) favorable to males. The crude mortality rate for Can Reiners individuals is 37.59% and the life expectancy at birth was approximately 26.6 years. Therefore, results of the analysis of our sample showed a high mortality and low life expectancy, which conforms to the expected values for ancient populations such as this one. Therefore, the low frequencies of pathologies such as osteoarthritis and traumas agree with the demographic data. We also analyzed other original bioanthropological aspects of the population. We elaborated a new method based on clinical dental practice suitable for fragmented skeletal remains in order to study the presence of malocclusion in ancient skeletal material. Our findings exhibited that the individuals of Can Reiners showed occlusal characteristics of ancient (such as high dental wear and molar relationship Class III) and modern (crowding, crossbite, among others) populations, although the normocclusion was present in 70% of the sample. Finally interesting data were discovered through the analysis of the microremains observed within the dental calculus. In this context the research followed two steps. Step one focused on the characterization of several cereal seeds cultivated in the Mediterranean -since they are the plant organ with the highest starch content (about 70%) and one of the major sources of carbohydrates of the human diet- in order to eventually identify them in the microscopic analysis. Step two consisted in the microscopic analysis of different dental calculi sampled from skeletal remains recovered from the necropolis of Can Reiners. Within the sampled dental calculi the presence of different starch grains pointed to the use of various cereals crops in the island. Other botanical remains, such as spores and pollen grains, indicated the environment where they lived. The identification of these remains could be a powerful instrument for the reconstruction of the ancient diet, habits and the physical and social environment of the ancient populations
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