46 research outputs found
Forecasting errors in the averseness of apologizing
No full textApologizing is often seen as the appropriate response after a transgression for perpetrators. Yet, despite the positive effects that apologies elicit after situations of conflict, they are not always delivered easily. We argue that this is due –at least in part- to perpetrators overestimating the averseness of apologizing, thus committing a forecasting error. Across two laboratory experiments and one autobiographical recall study, we demonstrate that perpetrators overestimate the averseness they will experience when apologizing compared to the averseness they experience when they actually apologize. Moreover, we show that this effect is driven by a misconstrual of the effects of an apology. Perpetrators overestimate the potentially negative effects of apologizing while simultaneously underestimating the potentially positive effects of apologizing. This forecasting error may have a negative effect on the initiation of the reconciliation process, due to perpetrators believing that apologizing is more averse than it actually is
The underlying motives of different mixed-motive games
No full textHaesevoets, Reinders Folmer, and Van Hiel (2015) have shown limited consistency of
people’s behaviour across various mixed-motive games. According to these authors, the
modest relationships among these games call into question the general idea that all mixedmotive
games render the conflict between selfish interests and concern for others equally
salient. Thielmann, Böhm, and Hilbig (2015), however, argued that these findings can be
explained in terms of the motivational differences that underlie the games. In this article, we
demonstrate that Thielmann et al.’s descriptive model of the different motives underlying
selfish and prosocial choices cannot be straightforwardly applied to the empirical data at
hand. Analogous to our previous article, we again stress the need for further empirical
research investigating the underlying motivational basis of each mixed-motive game.
Keywords: mixed-motive games, motivational basis, selfish choice, prosocial choic
Cooperation and Communication: Plastic Goals and Social Roles
No full textLange, P.A.M. van [Promotor
Verontschuldigingen in het kader van #MeToo: een psychologische analyse
No full textDe #metoo-beweging confronteert vermeende daders publiekelijk met hun vermeende
wangedrag. Beschuldigden worstelen met de vraag hoe op zulke beschuldigingen te reageren.
Wat kan sociaalpsychologisch onderzoek over vertrouwen en vergiffenis ons leren over de do’s
en don’ts van hun reacties
Sorry, not sorry: apologies and denials in the #MeToo movement
No full textThe #MeToo-movement publically confronts alleged perpetrators of sexual misconduct with
their transgressions. In return, the accused often struggle with the question of how to reply. What
can research about trust and forgiveness teach us about the do’s and don’ts of their responses
Duidelijk door voorbeeld? Een empirisch onderzoek onder juristen naar de begrijpelijkheid en duidelijkheid van polisclausules
No full textDuidelijk door voorbeeld? Een empirisch onderzoek onder juristen naar de begrijpelijkheid en duidelijkheid van polisclausules
No full text
Legal culture: an experiment: Vergelijkende rechtscultuur en aansprakelijkheidsrecht – een klein experiment
No full textThis project concerns an empirical investigation of legal culture: the (hypothesized) phenomenon that differences between countries’ legal systems reflect differences between the legal preferences of their populations.
The present study concerns a follow-up to an initial empirical investigation of this phenomenon by Van Os (2015). Van Os presented Dutch participants with descriptions of torts and their solution according to Dutch law, or rather according to English law (details below). Her vignettes concerned cases where Dutch and English law make opposite verdicts (i.e., responsibility for children, responsibility for bystanders to intervene, provision for compensating grief). Contrary to the theory of legal culture, Van Os observed no consistent preference for solutions according to Dutch law.
In the present study, we extend the study of Van Os by complementing it with a sample of English participants. By doing so, we aimed to examine whether English participants would show opposing preferences to Dutch participants, in line with the differences between their legal systems, or rather, whether their preferences would correspond. Thereby, this study aimed to further investigate whether national differences in legal preferences may be observed on subjects where national legal differences diverge, as suggested by the theory of legal culture
Crowding-out Effects of Laws, Policies and Incentives on Compliant Behaviour
No full textLaws, policies, and incentives provide people with extrinsic reasons to engage in desired behaviours. But by doing so, they may attenuate or displace people’s intrinsic reasons for complying. In this chapter, I review theorising and empirical evidence on such crowding-out effects. I outline perspectives from psychology and economics on how laws, policies, and incentives may undermine people’s intrinsic motivation. Moreover, I describe how such insights have been applied to explain why laws, policies, and incentives may fail to increase compliance—or may even undermine it. The chapter will then review the empirical evidence on these processes in environmental, organisational, and other legal settings. Although it is plausible that laws, policies, and incentives will affect intrinsic motivation to comply, I conclude that empirical evidence of these processes is still modest. I conclude by outlining some important directions for future research, and some (tentative) recommendations for policy
