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Dissipation measurements using an MSS profiler in summer 2022, during the RV Polarstern PS131 cruise, ATWAICE
No full textOcean microstructure profiles were obtained from a MSS (Microstructure Sensor Profiler, Sea&Sun Technology, Germany) profiler between 13 July and 6 August 2022 during the RV Polarstern PS131 cruise, ATWAICE, from ice floes as well as at stations from the ship. The aim of this expedition was to investigate sea ice summer melt processes, with a focus on the contribution of the Atlantic water inflow into the region. In total, 183 files of single casts are submitted, of which 19 were collected from ship and 164 from ice. Please see the detailed log spreadsheet for stations and comments. Throughout the cruise, the instrument functioned well, except the vibration sensor did not work and the fast thermistor channel produced a cut-off at low end, probably for output that exceeded the range of the A/D converter of the probe. In the later part of the cruise episodic data transmission errors were encountered. The dissipation rate was measured using two airfoil shear probes. The dataset has been processed and formatted in accordance with the SCOR Working Group ATOMIX guidelines and recommendations (Lueck et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1334327). One NetCDF (NC) file per instrument's native file is provided. Each provided NC file is organized in five hierarchical groups including continuous time series of data converted into physical units, cleaned time series used for spectral analysis, wavenumber spectra, dissipation rate estimates, and 0.1 dbar vertically averaged profiles from the precision conductivity, temperature and auxiliary sensors. The temperature and the practical salinity obtained from the MSS are corrected against the shipboard SBE-911plus CTD system (calibrated against salinity water samples). The grouped NC files are large and may be impractical to download and merge. For users only interested in the dissipation estimates and other time-averaged profiles, we also provide two separate NC files with all dissipation rate (and other related parameters) profiles and 0.1-dbar vertically averaged sensor data, collated into one file each. The collated files are, additionally, manually quality controlled and cleaned, whereas the per-file NC files are screened using automated routines. For more detailed information, please refer to the comments within the data file. The raw (binary, native format), full-resolution data from the microstructure profiler are available from Fer et al. (2023), https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956086. The observations on ice floes are complemented by simultaneous ocean current measurements from an ice-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, see https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.978165
Ocean velocity profiles under drifting ice floes measured by an ice-mounted 300 kHz ADCP northwest of Svalbard during RV POLARSTERN cruise PS131 (ATWAICE), July – August 2022
No full textOcean current profiles were collected during the RV Polarstern PS131 cruise, ATWAICE, from drifting ice floes using an RDI 300 kHz Workhorse acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP, serial number 15085). Processed and quality-controlled measurements are provided here as 1-minute time averages in the upper 80 meters and cover ten drift stations, each lasting 2 to 23 hours, from 13 July to 1 August 2022. The raw data in instrument native files are also available from PANGAEA, see below. The aim of this expedition was to investigate sea ice summer melt processes, focusing on the contribution of the Atlantic water inflow into the region. These ocean current measurements were recorded to complement simultaneous ocean microstructure profiles by a microstructure profiler (MSS). The ADCP was installed in a standard in-line frame attached to a pole suspended through a hole in the ice. The pole was secured at the ice surface using a set of buoyancy "boxes." In total, ten short deployments were made during the visits to the experiment floes (three visits each to floes North, Middle, and South, and a 24-hour process station). Sampling was started and stopped on board the ship pre-deployment and post-recovery. During the deployments, beam 3 of the instrument was marked and aligned with the ship's bow direction to allow cross-referencing with the ship's navigation data. Except for the second deployment (Floe South, Visit 1), the instrument recorded in beam coordinates with 1-second pings in broadband mode (high resolution) and recorded all profiles with 2-meter vertical bins. The vertical range with good data was typically 80 meters. In the Floe South, Visit 1 deployment, the measurements were processed on-board the instrument in Earth coordinates as 1-minute averages. For the other deployments, the ship's heading was used to calculate an offset correction for the ADCP's heading, which was used to convert measurements to Earth coordinates. The ship's heading was interpolated to ADCP time, and then an offset correction was obtained as the median value of the differences between the ship's heading and the ADCP heading. The offset, rounded to 1 degree, was added to the ADCP heading. In full resolution (1 Hz sampling), beam profiles are screened using a correlation threshold of 60 counts and an echo intensity difference threshold of 15 counts for fish detection. This low value was necessary to detect and exclude data points corrupted by the nearby microstructure profiling instrument. Beam-wise velocities are converted to Earth coordinates using the instrument transformation matrix and the corrected heading. Additionally, magnitudes of the horizontal velocity components exceeding 1 m/s, vertical velocities exceeding 0.3 m/s, and error velocities exceeding 0.1 m/s are flagged as bad. Spikes and outliers are further flagged using the 1-second time series of velocity components and three successive applications of a Hampel filter (180 seconds and 3 standard deviations; 60 seconds and 2.5 standard deviations; 30 seconds and 2 standard deviations). The 1-second profiles in Earth coordinates are then averaged to 1-minute intervals (60 pings). Flagged records are used to calculate the fraction of good data points within the 1-minute averaging window. If the fraction of good data points in the 1-minute windows is less than 50%, the data point is considered bad. Additionally, points where the error velocity exceeds 2.5 standard deviations above the smoothed error velocity (smoothing windows: 6 meters vertical and 5 minutes in time) are flagged as bad. Finally, gaps less than 10 minutes are linearly interpolated, and short segments (less than 2 bins in vertical and 10 minutes in time) are removed. As the instrument drifted with the ice, the observed ocean current is relative to the ice. The ice-relative currents are converted to absolute currents by adding the ice drift velocity interpolated to the ADCP times. Eastward and northward ice velocity components are obtained from GPS measurements deployed on the ice, except for Floe South, Visit 3, when on-ice GPS measurements were not available. The 1-second GPS position data are bin-averaged in 1-minute intervals and converted to eastward and northward distance in local projection. Ice velocity is then obtained by centered first differencing using averaged records (10-point moving average). For Floe South, Visit 3, we used the position from the ship's navigation system, obtained as 1-minute averages. The vertical coordinate is provided as depth from the sea surface, derived from the mid-distance of each measurement cell from transducer and the median value of the pressure record when the ADCP was in water. Note that the instrument was deployed under sea ice, so the distance to the ice-ocean boundary is less than the provided water depth. To account for this, we supply ice draft measurements from the hole from which the microstructure sonde was deployed, which is in the vicinity of the ADCP deployment hole. Due to expected spatial variability of ice thickness, we estimate an uncertainty of approximately 0.2 meters for the ice draft at the ADCP hole. The raw data are available from https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.978463
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Raw and converted full-resolution data from ocean microstructure measurements using an MSS profiler during the Polarstern PS131 cruise, ATWAICE
No full textOcean microstructure profiles were collected using an MSS (Microstructure Sensor Profiler, Sea&Sun Technology, Germany) profiler during the Polarstern PS131 cruise, ATWAICE (28 June – 17 August 2022), from ice floes and from the ship. This dataset includes 1) the raw binary data in the instrument-specific MRD files and 2) the full-resolution time series from each channel converted into physical units with no further data processing applied (NetCDF, NC files). A set of two files (MRD and NC) is supplied per profile. The converted data are prepared following the SCOR Working Group ATOMIX guidelines and convention, corresponding to their Level 1. In total, 196 raw data files (cast004 to 199) are submitted. Casts 1 to 3 were from another profiler which flooded and the data are not useful. Out of 196 profiles, 16 were collected from the ship and 180 from sea ice. Of the 196 profile attempts, 10 were aborted, but all files are delivered for completeness. Please see the detailed log spreadsheet for stations and comments in the NC files. Throughout the cruise, the instrument functioned well, except the vibration sensor did not work and the fast thermistor channel produced a cut-off at low end, probably for output that exceeded the range of the A/D converter of the probe. In the later part of the cruise, episodic data transmission errors were encountered.
The profiler used was MSS90L (SN 097), a loosely-tethered free-fall instrument equipped with two airfoil probes aligned parallel to each other, a fast-tip thermistor (FP07), an acceleration sensor (for body vibration measurements), conventional CTD sensors for precision measurements, a Turner Design Cyclops-7 in Vivo Chlorophyll/Blue sensor for ChlA fluorescence and a SST-DO, fast optical dissolved oxygen sensor. All channels were sampled at 512 Hz. The instrument was ballasted for a typical fall speed of 0.5 m s-1. The shear probes used were type PNS6, serial numbers C6258 (sensitivity 3.54e-04 at 21C, SHE1) and C6259 (sensitivity 3.99e-4 at 21C, SHE2). A temperature correction for the sensitivity was applied using the average in situ temperature, TM, as (1-0.011*(TC-TM)), where TC=21C. The same sensors were used throughout the cruise and the sensors point downward when the instrument profiles vertically.
The deployment of the MSS from the ship was done from the starboard side. Because of the keel of the ship, the upper 15 m of dissipation rate profiles from the ship should be excluded in post-processing. The deployment from sea ice was typically by using a Nansen sled, through a hole, located approximately 100 -250 m away from the ship. The upper 2 m of the dissipation profiles from ice should be excluded in post-processing
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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