1,721,004 research outputs found
The prohibition of online sports betting: a comparative analysis of Germany and the United States
No full textThis paper examines online sports betting in Germany and the USA, two countries that differ from the global trend that has been moving toward the legalization and liberalization of the sector. The following research questions are asked: Which joint factors led to the prohibition of online sports wagering in Germany and the USA? In what ways do the cases differ? After explaining the methodology of this research and conducting the case studies, the paper discusses the similarities and differences between the two countries, such as the official and unofficial reasons behind the bans, the administrative responsibilities of the issue, different policy instruments for implementing the bans, exceptions to the prohibition, the important role of courts in the debate, external pressure to change the respective national regulations, and the powerful role of sports governing associations that offer, in both cases, the main reasons for recent policy-making decisions. © 2013 Copyright European Association for Sport Management.Abram Richard G., 2001, BETTING LINE SPORTS; Albers N, 1997, J Gambl Stud, V13, P125, DOI 10.1023-A:1024999217889; Albers N, 2008, GLUCKSSPIEL IN DEUTSCHLAND: OKONOMIE, RECHT, SUCHT, P56, DOI 10.1515-9783899495546.1.56; Almond G., 2010, COMP POLITICS TODAY; American Gaming Association (AGA), 2011, SPORTS WAG; [Anonymous], 2011, SPORTW SOLL GEOFFN W; [Anonymous], 2010, ECONOMIST; [Anonymous], 2005, SPIEGEL ONLINE; [Anonymous], SUCHT; [Anonymous], 2011, KIEL ALS VORB NEHM; [Anonymous], 2010, BUNDESLIGA 0902; [Anonymous], 2009, THE ECONOMIST; [Anonymous], 2011, PRIV WETT WOLL NUR S; [Anonymous], 2006, ECONOMIST; Associated Press, 2009, NFL NEWS MEDIA; Bornsen S., 2010, GLUCKSSPIELMARKT DEU; Buschmann R., 2011, SPIEGEL ONLINE; Caramani D., 2008, COMP POLIT, P1; Carter D.M., 2011, MONEY GAMES PROFITIN; Collins P., 2003, GAMBLING PUBLIC INTE; DOSB DFL and Deutsche Stiftung Sporthilfe, 2010, STELL DTSCH SPORTS Z; Editorial, 2010, NY TIMES; ESMQ, AIMS SCOP; EU erwagt Richtlinie fur Glucksspiel, 2011, EU ERW RICHTL GLUCKS; European Commission, 2011, GREEN PAP ON LIN GAM; Federal Reserve System and Department of the Treasury, 2009, PROH FUND UNL INT GA, P62687; Forrest D, 2012, INT J SPORT FINANC, V7, P99; Frey JH, 1998, ANN AM ACAD POLIT SS, V556, P138, DOI 10.1177-0002716298556001011; Gebhardt I, 2008, GLUCKSSPIEL IN DEUTSCHLAND: OKONOMIE, RECHT, SUCHT, P276, DOI 10.1515-9783899495546.2.276; Hichar M., 2009, GAMING LAW REV EC, V13, P106, DOI [10.1089-glre.2009.13202, DOI 10.1089-GLRE.2009.13202]; Hill D., 2010, FIX SOCCER ORG CRIME; Hill D, 2009, EUR SPORT MANAG Q, V9, P411, DOI 10.1080-16184740903332018; Hosmer-Henner A., 2008, GAMING LAW REV EC, V14, P31, DOI 10.1089-glre.2010.14107; Houlihan B., 2008, HDB SPORTS STUDIES, P213; Keman H., 2008, COMP POLIT, P63; Knill C., 2008, COMP POLIT, P495; Koopmann O., 2008, SPORTWETTEN DEUTSCHL; Kuper S., 2009, SOCCERNOMICS, P157; Lee PC, 2008, EUR SPORT MANAG Q, V8, P45, DOI 10.1080-16184740701814407; Littler A., 2007, REGULATION GAMBLING; Maennig Wolfgang, 2005, EUR SPORT MANAG Q, V5, P187, DOI DOI 10.1080-16184740500188821; Major League Baseball, RUL 21 MISC; Markovits A.S., 2007, QUERPASS SPORT POLIT; McMillen Jan, 1996, GAMBLING CULTURES ST; National Basketball Association, 3 POINT PLAY NO BETT; National Collegiate Athletic Association, DONT BET IT; National Football League (NFL), 2010, COACH PLAYER 2010 GU; Nolte M., 2010, STAATLICH REGULIERTE; Petroczi A, 2009, EUR SPORT MANAG Q, V9, P349, DOI 10.1080-16184740903343585; Pfanner Eric, 2010, NY TIMES; Rodenberg RM, 2009, EUR SPORT MANAG Q, V9, P375, DOI 10.1080-16184740903331853; ROSE IN, 2009, INT GAM LAW 2 ED, P1; Thompson I., 2009, SPORTS ILLUSTRATED; Thompson William Norman, 2001, GAMBLING AM ENCY HIS; Thompson W.N., 1997, LEGALIZED GAMBLING R; Werner T., 2008, COMP POLIT, P34810
Energy policies of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries : possibilities and limitations of ecological modernization in rentier states
Get PDFBahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates are major oil and natural gas producing countries that make up the Gulf Cooperation Council. The six GCC countries fall in the top 25 countries of carbon dioxide emissions per capita and are perceived as the main actors blocking international climate change negotiations. The aim of this article is to discuss from a policy perspective the capacities of the GCC states to switch toward an ecological modernization of their energy sectors. At the beginning of the paper, I analyze the benefits of transforming oil wealth into funding for renewable energy and energy efficiency. After this, I discuss obstacles to such a transformation process based on the rentier states theory. Finally, I investigate governance of the GCC on all levels (international, regional, and local). The article shows that the GCC countries have recently adopted a more pro-active approach toward ecological modernization. This reorientation has not yet resulted in the development of consistent strategies and policies, however. The concluding assumption based on the concept of policy transfer is that pioneering projects such as Masdar City and innovative regulation like the green building code in Dubai will spread within the GCC
Drivers behind corporate social responsibility in the professional football sector: A case study of the German Bundesliga
No full textThis article presents a case study of corporate social responsibility in one major European professional football league. An empirical analysis of the German Bundesliga investigates the social and environmental measures that were implemented by the 18 clubs and discusses their impact and the drivers behind them. Common examples for social initiatives are regional operating foundations and school projects. Societal drivers such as re-establishing local roots and serving as a model for society as well as economic motives such as strengthening customer retention and capturing sponsors' interest were identified. The comprehensive climate protection initiatives such as photovoltaic plants and environmental management systems in German stadiums might be unique in European professional sport. The main reasons are political factors such as a favourable legislative framework for renewable energies and the Green Goal programmes for the Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cups in 2006 (men) and 2011 (women) in Germany. © 2013 © 2013 Taylor and Francis.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Renewable energy policies in the Gulf countries : a case study of the carbon-neutral "Masdar City" in Abu Dhabi
Get PDFThe Gulf countries are largely dependent on exporting oil and natural gas for their national budgets. They mainly use domestic fossil fuels for their domestic energy supply. In spite of favorable geographic conditions, especially for solar energy, renewable energies are still a niche application. Abu Dhabi, besides Dubai, the most important emirate in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), has now started a process of "transforming oil wealth into renewable energy leadership", and has set the long-term goal of a "transition from a 20th Century, carbon-based economy into a 21st Century sustainable economy." This article is a case study about "Masdar City", a planned carbon-neutral town in Abu Dhabi. The article describes the key characteristics of Masdar City, analyses the drivers behind the project, identifies the main actors for its implementation, and seeks obstacles to creation and development as well as the policy behind Masdar City. Finally, a first judgment of possible diffusion effects of the project is done
Sport as a tool for deflecting political problems: Bolivia's President Morales' successful campaign against FIFA's ban on high-altitude football
Get PDFIn 2007, FIFA banned international matches in high altitudes for concerns about the players' health. Bolivia's President Evo Morales, representing a country affected by this ruling, initiated a successful campaign against the ban that was lifted after only one year. The article argues that one of the main aims of Morales' campaign was to deflect internal and external political problems. His socialist government was under high pressure in domestic politics by conservative autonomist movements, and in foreign relations, tensions with neighbouring countries such as Brazil resulted from his government's decision to nationalize foreign companies and cooperate with Venezuela. Apart from the political motives for his campaign, the article shows how Morales mobilized the Bolivian population and allied with other countries to fight FIFA's decision. © 2014 © 2014 Taylor and Francis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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