1,721,005 research outputs found
A patients state of health (disease) is a quality which defines relevance of a molecular variation, not vice versa
No full textCerebrospinal fluid analysis for diagnosis of noninflammatory, dementive and psychiatric diseases
No full textAbstract: CSF analysis contributes to differential diagnosis of noninflammatory diseases by: 1) exclusion of a chronic or acute inflammation. 2) detection of particular brain-derived proteins, surrogate markers, corresponding to the suggested diagnosis (tumor, dementia, brain hypoxia, hemorrhage, autoimmune disease, psychiatric disease, metabolic disorder, rhinorhea, Table 1) and 3. differential cell count in CSF. Interpretation of brain-derived proteins in CSF uses absolute concentrations (in contrast to CSF/serum quotients for blood-derived proteins) and must discriminate between different sources: Neuronal or glial proteins like NSE, or tau protein are evaluated using their absolute concentrations in CSF for maximal sensitivity without reference to QAlb. The leptomeningeal proteins like beta trace or cystatin C are evaluated as absolute concentrations with reference to QAlb. As application examples we review the group of dementive and psychiatric diseases. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease dementia, Lewy-body disease and frontotemporal dementia are the major causes of neurodegenerative memory impairment and dementia. Combined analysis of Tau-Protein and Beta Amyloid 1-42 in CSF represent the classic approach, meanwhile extended with further surrogate markers. In 15% of psychiatric patients with schizophrenic or affective disorders an inflammatory process could be detected which points to a brain-organic involvement. In 24% of these patients with a psychiatric disease a moderately increased albumin quotient was observed as the only unexplained pathological sign. In psychiatric diseases it has to be regarded as a serious deficit not to make at least once a CSF analysis in the patients which could modify the diagnosis (in 6%)
CSF characteristics in early-onset multiple sclerosis
No full textThe authors studied CSF characteristics in 136 patients with multiple sclerosis ( MS) with a disease onset before age 16. In the initial diagnostic lumbar puncture, CSF-pleocytosis was observed in 66%, blood-CSF barrier dysfunction in 13%, and oligoclonal IgG in 92% of the early-onset MS (EOMS) patients. CSF oligoclonal IgG supports the early diagnosis of MS in childhood with a sensitivity similar to adult-onset MS
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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