1,721,611 research outputs found
Heroingestützte Behandlung in der Schweiz : eine patientenbezogene Analyse zur Inanspruchnahme und Wirksamkeit dieser Behandlung und der verordneten Dosierungen für schwer opioidabhängige Personen
Full text linkZiel: 1994 wurde in der Schweiz die heroingestützte Behandlung (HegeBe) für anderweitig nicht oder nur mit unbefriedigendem Ergebnis behandelte Opioidabhängige eingeführt. Die Begleitforschung untersuchte in der ersten Versuchsphase (von 1994 bis 1996) die Machbarkeit und Durchführbarkeit von HegeBe, die soziale und medizinische Entwicklung und das Legalverhalten der Patienten während der Behandlung sowie die Wirtschaftlichkeit dieser Therapieform. Nach Abschluss dieser Versuchsphase konnten von Juli 1996 bis März 1998 vorerst keine neuen Heroinabhängige in die heroingestützte Behandlung aufgenommen werden. Seit April 1998 sind unter Bearbeitung neuer Forschungsfragen wieder Neuaufnahmen möglich. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, wie sich die verschiedenen Therapieangebote für opioidabhängige Personen in der Schweiz in den letzten zehn Jahren entwickelt haben. Ausserdem gibt sie einen Überblick über die Forschungsresultate der ersten Studienphase zur heroingestützten Behandlung einschliesslich der verwendeten Dosierungen und vertieft die Frage nach der Häufigkeit von unerwünschtem Kokainkonsums von Patienten zu Beginn und im Verlauf der heroingestützten Behandlung. Methodik und Stichprobe: In die Untersuchungen wurden Personen einbezogen, welche in der Zeit von Januar 1994 bis Dezember 2001 eine heroingestützte Behandlung begannen. Bei Eintritt, im Verlauf und bei Austritt wurden sie wiederholt zu ihrer sozialen, gesundheitlichen und juristischen Situation befragt. Ausserdem dienten Labordaten und Polizeitdaten zur Beurteilung ihrer Entwicklung. Ergebnisse: Analog zu anderen Therapieangeboten für Heroinabhängige wurde die heroingestützte Behandlung in der Schweiz in der Berichtsperiode ausgebaut. Verglichen mit anderen Substitutionsbehandlungen von Opioidabhängigen mit Heroin werden in der Schweiz deutlich höhere Tagesdosierungen verwendet, wobei aber auch Unterschiede zwischen den von den verantwortlichen Ärzten gewählten Dosierungspraktiken bestehen. Bei den meisten Patienten der heroingestützten Behandlung kann bereits innerhalb von sechs Monaten eine positive Entwicklung ihrer Lebenssituation festgestellt werden. Ebenso geht der Drogenbeigebrauch auf ein tieferes Niveau als bei Behandlungsbeginn zurück. Im weiteren Verlauf halten die Verbesserungen an. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Einbindung in die heroingestützte Behandlung
wirkt sich im allgemeinen positiv auf den weiteren Lebensverlauf der Patienten aus.
In Zukunft benötigen die Dosisfindung und – trotz Rückgang während der
Behandlung - der Konsum nicht verordneter Substanzen (Beikonsum) weiterhin
grosse Aufmerksamkeit
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Who receives treatment for alcohol use disorders in the European Union? A cross-sectional representative study in primary and specialized health care
Full text linkBackground
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are highly prevalent in Europe, but only a minority of those affected receive treatment. It is therefore important to identify factors that predict treatment in order to reframe strategies aimed at improving treatment rates.
Methods
Representative cross-sectional study with patients aged 18–64 from primary health care (PC, six European countries, n = 8476, data collection 01/13–01/14) and from specialized health care (SC, eight European countries, n = 1762, data collection 01/13–03/14). For descriptive purposes, six groups were distinguished, based on type of DSM-IV AUD and treatment setting. Treatment status (yes/no) for any treatment (model 1), and for SC treatment (model 2) were main outcome measures in logistic regression models.
Results
AUDs were prevalent in PC (12-month prevalence: 11.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.2–12.5%), with 17.6% receiving current treatment (95%CI: 15.3–19.9%). There were clear differences between the six groups regarding key variables from all five predictor domains. Prediction of any treatment (model 1) or SC treatment (model 2) was successful with high overall accuracy (both models: 95%), sufficient sensitivity (model 1: 79%/model 2: 76%) and high specificity (both models: 98%). The most predictive single variables were daily drinking level, anxiety, severity of mental distress, and number of inpatient nights during the last 6 months.
Conclusions
Variables from four domains were highly predictive in identifying treatment for AUD, with SC treatment groups showing very high levels of social disintegration, drinking, comorbidity and functional losses. Earlier intervention and formal treatment for AUD in PC should be implemented to reduce these high levels of adverse outcomes
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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