100,658 research outputs found
Preferences-dependent learning in the centipede game: The persistence of mistrust
No full textA candidate explanation for the persistence of heterogeneous behavior in a sequential social dilemma played many times is the existence of heterogeneous preferences. Preferences-dependent conjectures about opponents’ behavior are an additional source of heterogeneity. By behaving differently, different preference types acquire different information. Thus, when observing only outcomes of own past interactions heterogeneous and possibly wrong conjectures about opponents’ strategies may endogenously arise and persist. In a Centipede game experiment played for forty rounds, we manipulate the type of ex post information and the method of play. We find that, when the game is played in its reduced normal form and subjects have only access to personal statistics, heterogeneity of behavior across preference types persists in the long run. In this case, behavior resembles a self-confirming equilibrium: selfish subjects take at earlier nodes due to an unjustified lack of trust. When subjects have also access to public statistics, heterogeneity disappears: selfish subjects tend to pass more often and play moves towards Bayes Nash equilibrium
Why Consumers Pay Voluntarily: Evidence from Online Music
No full textCustomers at the online music label Magnatune can pay what they want for albums, as long as the payment is within a given price range (18). Magnatune recommends to pay 8.20 (Regner and Barria, 2009). We ran an online survey and collected responses from 227 frequent Magnatune customers to gain insights about the underlying motivations to pay more than necessary. We control for individual response- and sample selection-bias, and find that reciprocity and guilt appear to be the major drivers for generous voluntary payments. Being inclined to follow social norms is a positive determinant for payments around the recommended price.social preferences, other-regarding behaviour, music industry, reciprocity, guilt, social norms, altruism, fairness, social-image concerns, survey
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Procjena biomase inćuna (engraulis encrasicolus, l.) primjenom dep (daily egg production) metode na području južnog Jadrana (2005-2010.)
No full textDEP metoda (daily egg production method, DEPM) je zasnovana na istraživanju ihtioplanktona (jaja i larve riba) i koristi se širom svijeta za procjenu biomase male plave ribe (Hunter and Lo, 1993; Lasker, 1985; Somarakis et al, 2004). Ova metoda se uspješno primjenjuje već 25 godina u čitavom svijetu i prvenstveno je dizajnirana za ribe koje imaju neodređen fekunditet, kakva je većina vrsta iz reda Clupeiformes. Zbog toga se najčešće upotrebljava za procjenu biomase male plave ribe, u prvom redu inćuna (Engraulidae) i srdela (Cupeidae). Pored procjene biomase ova metoda daje značajne podatke o karakteristikama i načinu mrijesta, kao i bitne reproduktivne parametre ribljih populacija. Podaci dobijeni DEP metodom mogu pomoći u razumijevanju mehanizama kojim prirodne promjene utiču na reproduktivnu biologiju i stepen preživljavanja ranih razvojnih stadijuma male plave ribe (Regner, 1985; Somarakis et al, 2004).
Inćun (Engraulis encrasicolus, L.) je jedini predstavnik roda Engraulis u Mediteranu. Inćun je, uz srdelu, ekonomski najznačajnija vrsta riba u Jadranu i Mediteranu. Dostiže dužinu do 20 cm, migratorna je i planktofag.
Mrijesti se od početka proljeća, obično od aprila do oktobra, a nekada od marta do novembra (Zavodnik, 1970; Merker and Vujošević, 1972; Regner, 1972, 1985, Piccinetti et al.., 1979). Mrijesti se više puta tokom sezone mriješćenja („multiple spawner“ Blaxter and Hunter, 1982).
U okviru FAO AdriaMed Projekta (koji se realizuje već sedam godina između Crne Gore, Italije, Albanije, Hrvatske i Slovenije) u vodama crnogorskog primorja DEP metoda je prvi put primjenjena 2005 godine za procjenu biomase inćuna. Nakon toga, istraživanje je prošireno na albanske teritorijalne i susjedne međunarodne vode u julu 2008 godine.
U julu 2010 godine procjena biomase inćuna primjenom DEP metode u okviru istog projekta proširena je na područje cijelog južnog Jadrana (GFCM geografska subregija 18). Procjenjena biomasa inćuna u avgustu 2005 godine iznosila je 3842 t., u julu 2008 godine 52 273.2 t dok je u julu 2010 godine iznosila 100 352.07 t
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Integrative Traumatherapie – engagierte Praxis für Gerechtigkeit und Menschenrechte
No full textDer Beitrag ist ein durch einen theoretischen Vorspann von H. Petzold erweitertes und ergänztes Interview des Psychologen und Psychotherapeuten F. Regner – er inaugurierte das Konzept des „Normativen Empowerments“ – mit H.G. Petzold, Begründer der Integrativen Therapie und erfahrener Traumatherapeut, uber die Arbeit mit politisch Traumatisierten, Vertriebenen, Flüchtlingen, Kriegsopfern, die durch Unrechtserfahrungen, Menschenrechtsverletzungen belastet und geschädigt wurden. Theoretische und praxeologische Perspektiven einer Therapie, die für die Herstellung „gerechter Verhältnisse“ als „therapie juste“ eintritt werden dargelegt und durch Beispiele erläutert, z. T. aus Projekten im Kontext der Kriege in Jugoslawien. Gerechtigkeit als bislang ausgeblendetes Thema in der Psychotherapie und auch der Traumatherapie und Unrecht als pathogenes Moment im Traumageschehen müssen künftig mehr Beachtung finden.This text enlarged by a theoretical introductory note, is an interview by the psychologist and psychotherapist Dr. Freihart Regner – he inaugurated the concept of „normative empowerment” – with Prof. H. G. Petzold, founder of Integrative Therapy and experienced trauma therapist about the work with politically traumatized people, refugees, displaced persons, victims of war, which are heavily burdened and strained by violations of human rights and experiences of injustice. Theoretical and praxeological perspectives of therapy which is engaged for the reestablishment of justice ruled situations as „therapie juste”, just therapy, are enfolded and illustrated by examples from the context of the wars in Yougoslavia. Justice and injustice as so far rather neglected themes in psychotherapy and also in trauma therapy with their pathogenic impact in trauma processes have to obtain more attention in the future.https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/08-2005-petzold-h-g-erg-2006-integrative-traumatherapie-engagierte-praxis-fuer-gerechtigkeit/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
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