1,720,959 research outputs found
Autophagy in HCV infection: keeping fat and inflammation at bay
Full text linkHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease. Viral persistence and pathogenesis rely mainly on the ability of HCV to deregulate specific host processes, including lipid metabolism and innate immunity. Recently, autophagy has emerged as a cellular pathway, playing a role in several aspects of HCV infection. This review summarizes current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that link the HCV life cycle with autophagy machinery. In particular, we discuss the role of HCV/autophagy interaction in dysregulating inflammation and lipid homeostasis and its potential for translational applications in the treatment of HCV-infected patients
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Characterization of HCV NS5A cellular interactors: role of MOB1B and LRPPRC in viral replication and assembly
No full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic positive-strand RNA virus which belongs to the Flaviviridae family. With almost 170 million people infected worldwide, HCV is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Poynard, T., et al., 2003). Major improvements in patient treatment were achieved by the approval of the first direct acting antivirals (DAAs) in 2011 (Welsch, C., et al., 2012). Nonetheless, HCV variants resistant to DAAs may arise during treatment as well as a heavy burden of side effects, thus affecting therapy outcome. Cellular models of HCV replication and infection have recently allowed the characterization of molecular details of HCV life cycle. HCV RNA replication occurs in association with ER-like cellular membranes and requires several viral non-structural (NS) proteins including; NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B, as well as host cell factors (Moriishi, K., and Matsuura, Y., 2003; Gosert R., et al., 2003). The site of virus assembly is yet unknown, but recent data haves proposed the recruitment of HCV RNA from the replicase complex to lipid droplets mediated by the HCV core and the non-structural proteins as an early event in virion assembly (Miyanari, Y., et al., 2007). Since HCV is a relative small virus, in order to accomplish genome replication and formation of new viral particle, it needs to interact with and subvert cellular machineries for its own purpose. A large number proteinprotein interaction has been described between HCV and host cells. However to date, most of them are only descriptive and their functions in HCV life cycle remain to be characterized (Tellinghuisen and Rice, 2002). NS5A is an important component of the viral replication complex and also participates to HCV particle assembly (Kim, S., et al., 2010). While no known enzymatic function has been ascribed to NS5A, it is known to interact with host cell proteins to affect a variety of processes, including innate immunity, host cell growth and proliferation (He, Y., et al., 2006). The molecular mechanism by which NS5A contributes to HCV life cycles remains largely uncharacterized. To get insights on NS5A function, we performed a screening to search for cellular proteins interacting with NS5A in HCV replicon cells, by means of a tandem affinity purification approach coupled to mass spectrometry (TAPMS/MS). NS5A protein complexes were isolated from HCV replicon cells, resolved by monodimensional gel (SDS-PAGE) and revealed by SYPRORuby staining. Protein bands were submitted to trypsin digestion and identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. 24 proteins were identified as NS5A binding proteins, including 14 factors not previously reported. Among them, we functionally characterized the interaction of NS5A with the kinase protein Mob1b, an important regulator of the Hippo pathway, and the mitochondrial protein LRPPRC. Here we show that individually knockdown of Mob1b and LRPPRC significantly reduces new HCV particle production and, to lesser extent, intracellular HCV RNA replication. We also found that Mob1b relocalizes to NS5A-positive structures and Mob1b downregulation results in a decrease in NS5A phosphorylation. Finally, we show that the Hippo signaling pathway is perturbed in HCV replicon cells, as indicated by the increased nuclear localization of the Mob1b target transcription factor Yap. Furthermore we observed that NS5A interaction with LRPPRC occurs at mitochondria-ER synapses (MAM) and that LRPPRC downregulation causes a significant increase in different the inflammation-related genes: IFNβ, Mx1, IL 6 and TNFα. Altogether, our results indicate that, through NS5A interactions, HCV hijacks the cellular functions of Mob1b and LRPPRC to ensure its life cycle
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
