583 research outputs found
Sexual function in hypertensive patients receiving treatment
No full textThorsten Reffelmann, Robert A KlonerUniversity of Southern California, The Heart Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USAAbstract: In many forms of erectile dysfunction (ED), cardiovascular risk factors, in particular arterial hypertension, seem to be extremely common. While causes for ED are related to a broad spectrum of diseases, a generalized vascular process seems to be the underlying mechanism in many patients, which in a large portion of clinical cases involves endothelial dysfunction, ie, inadequate vasodilation in response to endothelium-dependent stimuli, both in the systemic vasculature and the penile arteries. Due to this close association of cardiovascular disease and ED, patients with ED should be evaluated as to whether they may suffer from cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, cardiovascular disease or silent myocardial ischemia. On the other hand, cardiovascular patients, seeking treatment of ED, must be evaluated in order to decide whether treatment of ED or sexual activity can be recommended without significantly increased cardiac risk. The guideline from the first and second Princeton Consensus Conference may be applied in this context. While consequent treatment of cardiovascular risk factors should be accomplished in these patients, many antihypertensive drugs may worsen sexual function as a drug specific side-effect. Importantly, effective treatment for arterial hypertension should not be discontinued as hypertension itself may contribute to altered sexual functioning; to the contrary, alternative antihypertensive regimes should be administered with individually tailored drug regimes with minimal side-effects on sexual function. When phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, such as sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil, are prescribed to hypertensive patients on antihypertensive drugs, these combinations of antihypertensive drugs and phosphodiesterase 5 are usually well tolerated, provided there is a baseline blood pressure of at least 90/60 mmHg. However, there are two exceptions: nitric oxide donors and α-adrenoceptor blockers. Any drug serving as a nitric oxide donor (nitrates) is absolutely contraindicated in combination with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, due to significant, potentially life threatening hypotension. Also, α-adrenoceptor blockers, such as doxazosin, terazosin and tamsulosin, should only be combined with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors with special caution and close monitoring of blood pressure. Keywords: Sexual function, erectile dysfunction, hypertension, antihypertensive therapy, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor
Identiteter och världsbild : "hårdkokt" skriftbruk i Thorsten Jonssons noveller
No full textidentity and worldview – “hard-boiled” writing in Thorsten Jonsson’s short storiesThis article deals with the Swedish author Thorsten Jonsson (1910–50) and his first short story collection Som det brukar vara (1939) [‘As it usually is’]. The nar- rative represents a new modernistic literary trend in Swedish prose in the 1930s. i take my starting point in Burgess & ivanič’s (2010) theories of the act of writing involving many different identities, and particularly what Burgess & ivanič iden- tify as the discursive self. By contemporary readers and critics the discursive self in the short story collection was often connected with an American hard-boiled literary ideal, often linked to ernest Hemingway’s writings. in this article i dis- cuss the common textual features of the two authors’ first collections, but also the differences that emerge when looking through the linguistic surface. The analysis shows that Thorsten Jonsson’s discursive self is based upon a northern Swedish culture, Hemingway’s on an urban American one. </p
Measures of excess liquidity
No full textThe aim of this note is to provide an overview of various measures of excess liquidity, which can be defined as the deviation of the actual stock of money from an estimated equilibrium level. Given their dynamic nature, the excess liquidity measures under review are - in the light of long and variable lags of monetary policy - very useful tools to quantify future price pressures. In addition, excess liquidity measures consider inflation as a purely monetary phenomenon: neither the output gap nor liquidity gap - although both form an integral part of the concepts - an be held responsible for inducing a persistent rise in the price level. Despite strong theoretical support, the usefulness of excess liquidity measures depends on the stability of money demand, a question which has of course to be answered in the realm of empirical research. --P-star,excess liquidity,monetary policy,ECB
A case for money in the ECB monetary policy strategy
No full textOne major outcome of the review of the ECBs two pillar monetary policy strategy, which was published on 8 May 2003, has been the de facto downgrading of the hitherto prominent role assigned to the stock of money. According to the authors judgement, however, there is a strong theoretical and empirical rationale for the ECB monetary policy to pay close attention to the information content of money in the form of M3. However, the authors argue the ECB should make use of the so-called price gap or real money gap concept rather than the reference value as the latter runs the risk of giving misleading policy recommendations and compromising the indicator quality of the stock of money. Making use of M3 seems all the more rational as currently no better inflation indicator appears to exist in providing inflation forecasts in the euro area. --P-star,real money gap,excess liquidity,ECB
Schädigung der mikrovaskulären Durchblutung nach myokardialer Ischämie und Reperfusion : Einflussgrößen, Behandlungsansätze und prognostische Relevanz des No-Reflow-Phänomens am Herzen
No full textSchädigung der mikrovaskulären Durchblutung nach myokardialer Ischämie und Reperfusion : Einflussgrößen, Behandlungsansätze und prognostische Relevanz des No-Reflow-Phänomens am Herzen
No full textBedeutung der endogenen Aktivierung von ATP-sensitiven K + -Kanälen beim frühen hypoxischen Herzversagen für Kontraktilität und Energiestatus des Myokards : Beeinflußbarkeit im Sinne einer Kardioprotektion ; mechanisch-funktionelle, elektrophysiologische und energetisch-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen
No full textBedeutung der endogenen Aktivierung von ATP-sensitiven K + -Kanälen beim frühen hypoxischen Herzversagen für Kontraktilität und Energiestatus des Myokards : Beeinflußbarkeit im Sinne einer Kardioprotektion ; mechanisch-funktionelle, elektrophysiologische und energetisch-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen
No full textWhy is unemployment so high in Bulgaria?
No full textThe author seeks to determine the main factors behind poor labor market outcomes in Bulgaria. Unemployment in Bulgaria is high and of long duration. The accumulation of the unemployment stock has been caused by relatively high inflows into unemployment coupled with limited outflows. These features of the Bulgarian labor market are typical of other transition economies in Central Europe and exploring their sources is of broad interest. The author focuses on determinants of and constraints to job creation. He uses data on job creation and job destruction from a survey of employment in all registered firms. He finds that the source of large inflows into unemployment is intensive enterprise restructuring associated with a high pace of job reallocation. However, job creation falls short of job destruction. Three main factors account for the limited job creation and hiring, and thus for low outflows from unemployment: a) The unfriendly business environment, reflected by a low rate of new firm formation, and a relatively small, small and medium enterprise sector. b) Labor market rigidities, including excessive hiring and firing costs. c) Skill and spatial mismatches brought about by enterprise restructuring, as well as low skills and marginalization of the long-term unemployed who cannot successfully compete for new jobs. The author recommends a three pronged strategy to improve labor market performance: (1) removing bureaucratic constraints to entry and expansion of firms; (2) enhancing labor market flexibility through lowering hiring and firing costs; and (3) improving the educational system so as to equip workers with broad and portable skills.Environmental Economics&Policies,Labor Policies,Labor Markets,Public Health Promotion,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Labor Markets,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Labor Standards,Banks&Banking Reform
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