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Lexical outcomes in auditory closure in children with sensorineural hearing loss
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to assess the lexical outcomes in auditory closure of children with aided residual hearing. Patients and Methods: A total of 37 children (from 4; 7 to 8; 2 years old) with bilateral (n = 23) or unilateral (n = 14) sensorineural hearing loss (average at frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz 1 20 to 1 90 dB in the better ear) of unknown onset (n = 31) were recruited out of the 1994 implemented Gottinger Hor-Sprachregister (Go HSR). Mean age at diagnosis: 72.0 months (SD 9.8; min. 48; max. 88), mean age at hearing aid implementation: 73.0 months (SD 9.4). All children demonstrated an average nonverbal intelligence, and none suffered from major comorbidities. The subtest 'Auditory Closure' of the standardized (compared to normally developing hearing children) German version of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities was carried out at 3 time points (t1-t3). Mean time interval t1-t3: 20.3 months (SD 4.7). The test raw scores were converted to T scores (mean = 50, SD = 10). The first psychometric examination took place after the ascertainment of the hearing loss (t1). Two follow-ups (t2,t3) were performed at 6- to 9-month time intervals. Results: On average, the study group exhibited age-appropriate performances at t1 and significantly improved over time. The average performance of bilaterally impaired children increased most notably (t1-t3; p = 0.008). Subgrouped by age at diagnosis <= 73 months (cut-off for split-half comparison), the performances at t3 were statistically significantly different from those of t1 (t1 - t3; p = 0.002). A multiple regression analysis demonstrated the effect of the ability of auditory closure at t1 (p < 0.001) and of nonverbal intelligence (p = 0.002) on the outcome measure at t3. Conclusion: Auditory closure is less determined by degree of hearing loss than by the size of the individual vocabulary and the nonverbal intelligence potential. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
Assessment of expressive vocabulary outcomes in hearing-impaired children with hearing aids: do bilaterally hearing-impaired children catch up?
No full textObjective: To evaluate expressive vocabulary growth in hearing-impaired preschool children wearing hearing aids. Design: Prospective analysis of the outcomes of children included in the 1994 German 'Goettinger Hoer-Sprachregister' (GHR) series, using a repeated-measures paradigm in six- to nine-month intervals (t1-t3). Subjects: Twenty-seven children (aged 2.0-4.4 years) with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (with averages at frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz of > 20 to > 90 dB in the better ear) from the 1994 GHR series. The children were diagnosed at a mean age of 31.4 months (standard deviation (SD) 10.6 months) and fitted with a binaural hearing aid at a mean age of 32.3 months (SD 10.5 months). Nonverbal intelligence was average (five missing data entries). Standardized, age-appropriate picture naming tests (the 'Sprachentwicklungstest fur 2-jahrige Kinder', the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children subtest vocabulary, and the 'Aktiver Wortschatztest fur drei- bis sechsjahrige Kinder') were carried out at three time points and results compared with data from children with normal hearing. The test raw scores were converted to T scores (mean = 50; SD = 10). Results: On average, the children scored far below the normative population at t1 (mean = 28.9; SD = 11.3) and slowly improved as they got older (at t3, mean = 34.1; SD = 16.1; p = 0.010). Children with mild or moderate hearing loss improved most notably (mean difference t1-t3; p = 0.001), except for one child of deaf parents. Two of the five mildly hearing-impaired children and two of the eleven moderately hearing-impaired children caught up with their normal hearing peers with regards to expressive vocabulary. Such expressive vocabulary achievements were not seen in any children with > 70 dB hearing loss or in six of the eleven children (55 per cent) with a 40-70 dB hearing loss, despite receiving adequate personal amplification. Conclusion: Testing expressive vocabulary size is a useful clinical tool in assessing linguistic lexical outcome
Receptive vocabulary development in sensorineural hearing-impaired children
No full textObjective. The aim of this study was to assess receptive vocabulary development in children with aided residual hearing, but without major co-morbidities. Patients and Methods. A total of 26 boys and 27 girls (tl: 2.0-7.4 years old) with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (average at frequencies of 0.5,1, 2,4 kHz >21 dB in the better hearing ear) were recruited out of the 1994 implemented Gottinger Hor-Sprachregister (Go HSR). The mean age at diagnosis was 51.4 months (SD 19.6; min. 14; max. 85), the mean hearing aiding age: 51.9 months (SD 19.6). The children had an average nonverbal intelligence in Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and in CNIMS respectively. The individual assessment of receptive vocabulary was carried out at three time points using standardized test measures. The raw test scores were converted to T-scores (M=50; SD=10; normed for hearing children). The first psychometric examination took place after the ascertainment of the hearing loss (tl). Two follow-ups (t2, t3) were performed at 69 month time intervals. Results. No child with a hearing loss >61 dB HL obtained an age appropriate receptive vocabulary score. On average, the study group exhibited an age-delayed lexical performance at tl (M=38.7; SD=14.7) which significantly improved overtime reaching the lower norm level at t3 (M=44.7; SD=18.0; p70 dB HL) did not increase. Conclusion. Even a hearing loss <40 dB may negatively affect receptive vocabulary development. Receptive vocabulary outcome was not highly variable
Sequential information processing in children with and without auditory processing disorder
No full textBackground. It is a controversial issue whether sequential processing in children with auditory processing disorders (APD) is a unimodal auditory impairment. Patients and methods. Normal achieving controls (n=12; mean age: 101.1 months; SD 20.3) and children referred to clinical facilities for assessment including children with monosymptomatic APD (n=25; mean age: 90.8 months; SD 9.8), children with developmental language disorder (DLD]) + APD (n=11; mean age: 89.5 months; SD 14.9), children with dyslexia + APD (n=10; mean age: 113.8 months; SD 17.1) were compared using the subtest digit recall of the German version of the K-ABC (Melchers & Preu beta 2001) and the K-ABC subtest hand movements in the visual modality. Results. On average all groups tended to perform alike in visual sequential processing and memory (T-score>50). Normal controls (non-APD) showed on average the best test performance (T-score 57.4; SD 10.5), but the mean performance did not differ significantly from children with APD. All groups also presented on average normal test performance in the auditory modality however, children of the clinical groups were below the age mean (DLD + APD: T-W 43.1; SD 6.8; monosymptomatic APD: T-W 45.8; SD 9.8; dyslexia + APD: 46.7; SD5.8). Children with DLD + APD and those with monosymptomatic APD exhibited a significantly lower but not poor performance in auditory processing of sequences compared to their performance in visual sequential processing. The results of auditory and visual processing of sequences were significantly correlated in the clinical groups DLD + APD (0.58) and monosymptomatic APD (0.34), but not in the smallest group dyslexia + APD (0.48) and in normal achieving controls (0.32). Conclusion. On the basis of the results of the present study it may be concluded that a normal test performance on visual measure does not exclude a bimodal or pansensory seriation disorder in children with APD. It does, however, indicate the existence of a primary auditory sequential processing deficit, because at least the processing of phonological and visual stimuli was not separately carried out in children with DLD + APD
Long-term follow-up of oral language development in children with permanent bilateral hearing loss
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to assess the oral language development of children with permanent bilateral hearing loss without additional disabilities longitudinally (5 time points t1-t5). Method: The present follow-up study evaluated both receptive and expressive language developmental quotients (DQ; desired value 1.0) with standardised developmental scales and receptive and expressive vocabulary size with standardised tests (results in T-scores; m=50, SD=10). Mean follow-up duration was 38.1 (SD 4.8) months. Sample: A cohort of n=18 sensorineural hearing-impaired children was recruited from the German Gottinger Hor-Sprachregister. Mean diagnosis age was 21.4 (SD 16.6) months and mean age of amplification with hearing aids was 21.7 (SD 16.5) months. Results: The mean DQs slowly increased from t1 to t4 (DQ receptive 0.37/0.48/0.55/0.56; DQ expressive: 0.51/0.51/0.55/0.55) and remained norm deviant. The diagnosis age of hearing loss and both the developmental quotients for receptive (-0.41/-0.42/-0.53; p 90dB who all had received a cochlear-implant up to t3. Children who were identified as hearing-impaired before the age of 18 months exhibited on average generally greater DQs. Conclusion: The individual best available amplification of hearing loss did not compulsively cause an age-adequate spoken language development, at least not in case of a hearing loss > 40dB. So a newborn hearing screening must be the first step in identification, intervention and habilitation of an infant with hearing loss. Use of a cochlear implant seemed to have a great impact on the oral language development of children with a bilateral loss > 90 dB
Do psychological factors change in patients with spasmodic dysphonia after injections with botulinum-toxin?
No full textObjective: A pre-/posttherapeutic comparative study was carried out to investigate possible associations of voice symptoms, selected psychological factors and their changing. Sample: A total of 11 patients with spasmodic dysphonia (adductor-type) subjected to botulinum-toxin-therapy. Patients had received treatment without any complications for at least 2 years. During that period of time, they received a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 9 injections (mean: 6). Methods: Psychosocial data were measured before and after treatment using standardized psychological methods. The time span between measurements ranged from 1;8 to 4:6 years, with an average of 2;1 years. Results: On average, no somatic disorder, no clinically meaningful states of anxiety or pathological manifestations of personality traits could be detected, neither pre- nor posttherapeutically. The average stress load caused by life-changing-events was unobtrusive. Before treatment, 5 of 11 patients had an affective disorder in terms of a depressed mood. This caused a higher than average mean depressivity score for the group as a whole. It was no longer found posttherapeutically. Conclusion: The depression is interpreted as a psychic reaction. An association between spasmodic voice symptoms and psychosocial genesis could not be proved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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