1,146 research outputs found
La gestión del conejo en zonas de daños a la agricultura. Aspectos sociales
No full textThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.[EN] In Spanish farmland areas, the European rabbit can cause considerable crop damage. Tensions typically emerge between farmers who advocate rabbit reduction and hunters who wish healthy rabbit populations for shooting. In this study, we used in-depth interviews and small group discussions with farmers, hunters and representatives of the governmental environmental agencies to assess their positions in this conflict. Our results showed that this conflict is characterised by tensions between and within groups, and influenced by leadership, distrust and past decision-making issues, and differences in beliefs among groups. Positions of farmers and hunters are also relatively rigid, which may make difficult their engagement in collaborative processes. To be effective, such processes need that local leaders are empowered and likely also that external neutral mediators are involved.Our research was conducted in two study areas: Campiña Sur de Córdoba (CSC) in Andalusia, southern Spain, and Alt Camp de Tarragona (ACT) in Catalunya, northern Spain. CSC and ACT comprise 11 and 23 municipalities, respectively, the former being larger than the latter (1100 km2 vs. 538 Km2) and including more inhabitants (105,000 vs. 44,000 inhabitants). These areas were selected due to similarities in the global context regarding rabbit damage to crops. The presence of vineyards is notable in both areas and there is significant rabbit damage to vineyards in both.In this study, we used qualitative techniques to understand perspective and views of the main stakeholders involved: farmers, hunters, and people working for governmental agencies in charge of wildlife management. Participants were selected using contact information provided by key informants in both study areas (snow-ball sampling). The total number of participants was 55. We used personal interviews to gather the opinion of key informants; i.e. managers in relevant farming associations, game managers and people working for environmental agencies. To assess the opinion of “regular” hunters and farmers, we used small discussion groups with three or four participants. To avoid the risk that an “opinion leader” may dominate the conversation in a discussion group, the moderator managed this potential limitation through promoting the participation of the most reticent people.Interviews and small discussion groups were conducted between 15th October and 16th December 2015. We stopped data collection when we observed that no new key themes emerged with further data. Both the interviews and the small discussion groups were conducted in such a way that a space was created for the open expression of the positions and criteria of the interviewees, that is, in a non-directive and conversational manner. The interviews and small discussion groups were conducted following a script of issues to be addressed, but it was adapted to the characteristics of the participants and the own development of the interviews and discussion groups. The script addressed participants’ perceptions about rabbit populations and rabbit damage to crops both in the recent past and when the survey was done and their perceptions and opinions about rabbit management conducted in the study area. In addition, it also dealt with the relationships between stakeholders involved in the problems caused by rabbit damage to crops as well as with participants’ attitudes towards other collectives or groups. Participants were guaranteed the mutual confidentiality and anonymity of the opinions expressed. Their express consent was obtained for participation in this study, which was done in compliance with both the Spanish and European legislations in terms of data privacy (Spanish Organic Law 3/2018; European Regulation 2016/679). Interview duration ranged between 15 and 120 minutes, while groups ranged between 45 and 150 minutes. Both were digitally recorded and transcribed. Data from interviews and small groups were analyzed jointly since both addressed the same key issues and had the same informative and opinion nature. Data analysis consisted of reading iteratively each text to identify main ideas and topics, pursuing an understanding and sociological interpretation of the data, checking interpretations among co-authors to create added awareness of certain dimensions in the data, and thus to identify properly the main themes.In order to ensure full protection of participants’ privacy and compliance with Spanish law of data protection (i.e. Royal Decree-Law 5/2018, of July 27th, on urgent measures for adaptation of Spanish Law to European Union regulations on data privacy), raw data is not made publicly available. Instead, a summary of raw data is shown and the information is anonymized and those parts that could give rise to the recognition of any of the participants have been eliminated, thus respecting confidentiality[ES] En las zonas agrícolas españolas, el conejo europeo puede causar daños considerables a los cultivos. Las tensiones suelen surgir entre los agricultores, que abogan por la reducción de la población de conejos, y los cazadores, que desean disponer de un número elevado de conejos para cazar. En este estudio utilizamos entrevistas en profundidad y grupos de discusión reducidos con agricultores, cazadores y representantes de la administración ambiental y agrícola para evaluar sus posiciones en este conflicto. Nuestros resultados muestran que este conflicto se caracteriza por tensiones tanto inter como intragrupales, y está influenciado por el liderazgo, la desconfianza y los problemas de toma de decisiones pasadas, y las diferencias de creencias entre los distintos colectivos. Los posicionamientos de los agricultores y cazadores también son relativamente rígidos, lo que puede dificultar su participación en procesos de colaboración. Para ser efectivos, tales procesos necesitan que los líderes locales estén empoderados y probablemente también que participen mediadores externos neutrales.Nuestra investigación se llevó a cabo en dos áreas de estudio: Campiña Sur de Córdoba (CSC) en Andalucía, sur de España, y Alt Camp de Tarragona (ACT) en Catalunya, norte de España. CSC y ACT comprenden 11 y 23 municipios, respectivamente, siendo el primero más grande que el segundo (1100 km2 frente a 538 km2) e incluyendo más habitantes (105.000 frente a 44.000 habitantes). Estas áreas fueron seleccionadas debido a similitudes en el contexto global con respecto al daño de los conejos a los cultivos. La presencia de viñedos es notable en ambas zonas y existe igualmente un importante daño por conejos en los viñedos en ambas comarcas.En este estudio, utilizamos técnicas cualitativas para comprender la perspectiva y los puntos de vista de los principales actores involucrados: agricultores, cazadores y personas que trabajan en la administración vinculadas a la gestión de la vida silvestre. Los participantes fueron seleccionados utilizando la información de contacto proporcionada por informantes clave en ambas áreas de estudio (muestreo de bola de nieve). El número total de participantes fue de 55. Utilizamos entrevistas personales para recabar la opinión de informantes clave; es decir, representantes de organizaciones agrarias relevantes, gerentes de cotos de caza y personas que trabajan en la administración. Para evaluar la opinión de los cazadores y agricultores, utilizamos pequeños grupos de discusión con tres o cuatro participantes. Para evitar el riesgo de que un “líder de opinión” pueda dominar la conversación en un grupo de discusión, el moderador manejó esta potencial limitación promoviendo la participación de las personas más reticentes.El conjunto de entrevistas y grupos de discusión se desarrolló entre el 15 de octubre y el 16 de diciembre de 2015. La recopilación de datos se detuvo cuando observamos que no surgían nuevos temas clave o relevantes para el objeto de estudio. Tanto las entrevistas como los pequeños grupos de discusión se realizaron de tal manera que se creó un espacio para la expresión abierta de las posiciones y criterios de los entrevistados, es decir, de manera no directiva y conversacional. Las entrevistas y los pequeños grupos de discusión se realizaron siguiendo un guion de temas a tratar, pero se adaptó a las características de los participantes y al propio desarrollo de las entrevistas y grupos. El guion abordó las percepciones de los participantes sobre las poblaciones de conejos y el daño producido a los cultivos, tanto en el pasado reciente como cuando se realizó la encuesta, y sus percepciones y opiniones sobre el manejo de conejos realizado en las áreas de estudio. Además, también se trataron las relaciones entre los colectivos involucrados en los problemas causados por el daño de los conejos a los cultivos, así como las actitudes de los participantes hacia otros grupos. Se garantizó a los participantes la confidencialidad y el anonimato de las opiniones expresadas. Se obtuvo su consentimiento expreso para participar en este estudio, el cual se realizó en cumplimiento de la legislación tanto española como europea en materia de privacidad de datos (Ley Orgánica 3/2018; Reglamento Europeo 2016/679). La duración de las entrevistas osciló entre los 15 y los 120 minutos, mientras que los grupos variaron entre 45 y 150 minutos. Ambos fueron grabados y transcritos digitalmente. Los datos de las entrevistas y grupos se analizaron de forma conjunta, ya que ambos abordaron los mismos temas clave y tenían el mismo carácter informativo y de opinión. El análisis de datos consistió en la lectura iterativa de cada texto para identificar las ideas y temas principales, buscando una comprensión e interpretación sociológica de los datos, verificando las interpretaciones entre los coautores para crear una mayor conciencia de ciertas dimensiones en los datos y así identificar adecuadamente los temas principales.Con el fin de garantizar la plena protección de la privacidad de los participantes y el cumplimiento de la ley española de protección de datos (es decir, el Real Decreto-ley 5/2018, de 27 de julio, de medidas urgentes para la adaptación de la legislación española a la normativa de la Unión Europea sobre privacidad de datos), los datos brutos no se ponen a disposición del público. En cambio, se muestra un resumen de los datos brutos y se anonimiza la información y se eliminan aquellas partes que pudieran dar lugar al reconocimiento de alguno de los participantes, respetando así la confidencialidad.We acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Science Ministry (MINECO) through project CGL2013-43197-R; and from Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) through PII-201810I026.La información contenida en el fichero de datos se estructura de la siguiente forma:
Comarca Alt Camp (Tarragona)
-Entrevistas y grupos de discusión cazadores, agricultores y administración
Comarca Campiña Sur (Córdoba)
-Entrevistas y grupos de discusión cazadores, agricultores y administraciónCon objeto de asegurar la completa protección de la privacidad de los participantes en las entrevistas y cumplir con la legislación española de protección de datos (p.ej. RD 5/2018, de27 de julio, sobre medidas urgentes de adaptación de la legislación española a la regulación de la UE sobre la privacidad de datos), los datos brutos de las entrevistas no se ponen a disposición del público. En su lugar, se muestra un resumen de los datos brutos, se anonimiza la información y se eliminan aquellas partes que pudieran dar lugar al reconocimiento de alguno de los participantes, respetando así la confidencialidad.N
RoMEO Studies 5: IPR issues for OAI Data and Service Providers
No full textThis paper is the fifth in a series of studies emanating from the UK JISC-funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open-archiving). It reports the results of two surveys of OAI Data Providers (DPs) and Service Providers (SPs) with regards to the rights issues they face. It finds that very few DPs have rights agreements with depositing authors and that there is no standard approach to the creation of rights metadata. The paper considers the rights protection afforded individual and collections of metadata records under UK Law and contrasts this with DP and SP’s views on the rights status of metadata and how they wish to protect it. The majority of DP and SPs believe that a standard way of describing both the rights status of documents and of metadata would be usefu
RoMEO Studies 4: An analysis of Journal publishers' Copyright Agreements
No full textThis article is the fourth in a series of six emanating from the UK JISC-funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open archiving). It describes an analysis of 80 scholarly journal publishers’ copyright agreements with a particular view to their effect on author self-archiving. 90% of agreements asked for copyright transfer and 69% asked for it prior to refereeing the paper. 75% asked authors to warrant that their work had not been previously published although only two explicitly stated that they viewed self-archiving as prior publication. 28.5% of agreements provided authors with no usage rights over their own paper. Although 42.5% allowed self-archiving in some format, there was no consensus on the conditions under which self-archiving could take place. The article concludes that author-publisher copyright agreements should be reconsidered by a working party representing the needs of both partie
StJohn et al dataset for: Value diversity and conservation conflict: Lessons from the management of red grouse and hen harriers in England. People & Nature
No full textInformation (read first file) and dataset to accompany St. John, F.A.V., Steadman, J., Austen, G., and Redpath, S.M. Value diversity and conservation conflict: Lessons from the management
of red grouse and hen harriers in England published in People and Natur
The state and perceptions of human-crocodile interactions around Murchison falls conservation area, Uganda
No full textWildlife conflicts between people and large herbivores or mammalian carnivores are widely researched in Africa, but there is limited work on human-crocodile conflicts (HCC). In Uganda, conservation efforts have enabled the recovery of the Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) population, yet the expanding human population and activities increasingly overlap with crocodile habitats resulting in negative interactions. This study used a combination of literature review, surveys, and the Nominal Group Technique to investigate the factors underpinning HCC around Murchison Falls Conservation Area. Results indicate that 115 attacks on humans occurred during 2012–2017, 84.3% of these being fatal. Also, 93.1% of the attacks occurred as victims were either fishing or collecting water. Construction of crocodile exclusion enclosures and translocation of problem crocodiles to protected areas were the most preferred mitigation measure. To reduce the prevalence of human injuries and offset local hostility toward crocodiles, conservation actors need to actively engage the affected communities.</p
JP-5 and JP-8
No full textPrepared by Sciences International, Inc. under subcontract to Research Triangle Institute under contract no. 205-93-0606. Prepared for U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry."Chemical manager(s)/author(s): John Risher, Patricia M. Bittner, Steve Rhodes.Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-163).205-93-060
RoMEO Studies 3: How academics expect to use open-access research papers
No full textThis paper is the third in a series of studies emanating from the UK JISC-funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open-archiving). It considers previous studies of the usage of electronic journal articles through a literature survey. It then reports on the results of a survey of 542 academic authors as to how they expected to use open-access research papers. This data is compared with results from the second of the RoMEO Studies series as to how academics wished to protect their open-access research papers. The ways in which academics expect to use open-access works (including activities, restrictions and conditions) are described. It concludes that academics-as-users do not expect to perform all the activities with open-access research papers that academics-as-authors would allow. Thus the rights metadata proposed by the RoMEO Project would appear to meet the usage requirements of most academics
A growing international technology education research conference – flavours to savour
No full textTitle: Learning for Innovation in Technology
Education, (Vols 1-3)
Author/Editor: Middleton H, Pavlova M and Roebuck D (Eds)
Publisher: Centre for Learning Research, Griffith University, Queensland
Publication Date: 2004
ISBN: 0920952152
Reviewed by: Steve Keirl, University of South Australi
Diisopropyl methylphosphonate
No full textPrepared by: Sciences International, Inc. under subcontract to Research Triangle Institute ; prepared for U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry under contract no. 205-93-0606.Chemical manager(s)/author(s): Malcolm Williams, Diana Wong, Patricia M. Bittner, Steve Rhodes.Includes bibliographical references: p. 121-130.205-93-060
The cascading impacts of livestock grazing in upland ecosystems : a 10-year experiment
No full textACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank The Woodland Trust, Scotland for permission to use the Glen Finglas Estate. Sally Burgess, Timothy Conner, Charlie Gardner, Ian Joyce,Fi Leckie, Elaine McEwan, Ruth Mitchell, Gabor Pozsgai, Gina Prior and others assisted with the collection and sorting of samples at different stages of the project. S. M. Redpath, R. J. Pakeman, P. Dennis and D. M. Evans designed the study; D. M. Evans, N.Villar, N. A. Littlewood, S. A. Evans and J. Skartveit collected the data; D. M. Evans and N. Villar analyzed the data; D. M. Evans and N. Villar co-wrote as joint-first authors the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors contributed substantially to revisions.Peer reviewe
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