1,720,998 research outputs found
The Relationship of Empathy and Perspective-Taking to Social Decentering
Get PDFSocial decentering was coined as a term to encompass being other-oriented in the broadest sense. Piaget (Piaget & Inhelder, 1969) used the term decentering to describe the ability of children to see the physical world from another person’s perspective. For Higgins (1981), role-taking represents movement from egocentrism to decentration. Higgins describes decentration as “the ability to interrelate two or more mental elements in active memory” (p. 131) with that ability continuing to develop, thus increasing the number of mental elements that can be interrelated. Social decentering shares the same basic cognitive processes that are represented in these initial conceptualizations of decentering. However, rather than being limited to a visually oriented perspective as with Piaget, I’ve added the modifier “social” to emphasize an orientation centered on another person – of seeing and feeling the world as another person does. Social decentering is introduced as a new term to represent this other-oriented process because other terms like empathy, perspective-taking, and role-taking are used in a myriad of inconsistent ways or are restrictive in their treatment of other-orientation. However, much of the foundation for social decentering is by necessity drawn from the theory and research generated under the rubrics of empathy, perspective-taking, and role-taking.This accepted book chapter is published as Redmond, M., The Relationship of Empathy and Perspective-Taking to Social Decentering in Social Decentering: A Theory of Other-Orientation Encompassing Empathy and Perspective-Taking, Author Redmond, Mark V., Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston (2018). doi:10.1515/9783110515664. Posted with permission.</p
Empathy, Perspective-Taking and Social Decentering in the Context of Health Care Professionals, Teams, Organizations, and Intercultural Interactions
Get PDFWhenever we anticipate interacting, interact, or reflect on interactions with other people, we have the option of engaging in social decentering to help us in our planning, understanding, and adapting. We are also affected by the other person’s use of social decentering on us. So far in this book the focus has been on interpersonal interactions, specifically those with friends, romantic partners, and spouses. That discussion provides a broad and encompassing understanding of social decentering and relationship-specific social decentering (RSSD) that can be applied to any human interaction. However, some interactions are defined by specific roles and contexts that affect the use, value, appropriateness, and impact of social decentering. For example, psychotherapy is seen as a specific form of interpersonal interaction (Hatcher, 2015), where the roles of the therapist and client guide the interaction. In organizations, managers with strong social decentering abilities are likely to make different adaptations to subordinates who are late to work than they do when their children are late for dinner. The roles that managers play toward subordinates evokes different goals in using social decentering (maintaining a productive workforce) than it does in interacting with their children (teaching responsibility).This accepted book chapter is published as Redmond, M., Empathy, Perspective-Taking and Social Decentering in the Context of Health Care Professionals, Teams, Organizations, and Intercultural Interactions in Social Decentering: A Theory of Other-Orientation Encompassing Empathy and Perspective-Taking, Author Redmond, Mark V., Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Chapter 7 (2018);222-266. Doi:10.1515/9783110515664. Posted with permission.</p
Relationship Based Empathy, Perspective-Taking, and Social Decentering: Foundations of Relationship-Specific Social Decentering (RSSD)
Get PDFSome people are better than others at social decentering and the related skills of empathy and perspective-taking. We might expect people who possess such other-oriented skills as these to be better able to effectively communicate and manage relationships and therefore more successful in their intimate relationships. But research results have failed to consistently demonstrate this effect. For example, several studies have found little to no relationship between such skills and marital satisfaction (Elliott, 1982; Sillars, Pike, Jones, & Murphy, 1984; Wachs & Cordova, 2007; Wastell, 1991). My own studies have failed to find a significant relationship between social decentering and satisfaction in intimate relationships. The failure to find the expected impact of other-oriented processes in intimate relationship is an indication of a more complex process happening in those relationships. These results led me to develop the following premise: in developing intimate relationships, people who lack general social-decentering skills can gain sufficient personal information about their partner to enable them to socially decenter with that particular partner. In other words, they develop a specific type of social decentering that is tailored to their intimate partner – relationship-specific social decentering (RSSD).This accepted book chapter is published as Redmond, M., Relationship Based Empathy, Perspective-Taking, and Social Decentering: Foundations of Relationship-Specific Social Decentering (RSSD) in Social Decentering: A Theory of Other-Orientation Encompassing Empathy and Perspective-Taking, Redmond, Mark V. (2018). Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 91-101. Doi: 10.1515/9783110515664. Posted with permission.</p
Social Decentering: A Theory of Other-Orientation Encompassing Empathy and Perspective-Taking
Get PDFThe following comments are intended to align your expectations as a reader with those of mine as the writer by primarily explaining what is not included in this book. If you have elected to read this book of your own accord (versus an assigned reading for a class), you might be expecting a thorough, detailed discussion of empathy and perspective-taking, but you will not find that. Many years ago, after considerable time reviewing the literature on empathy, perspective-taking, and role-taking, I wrote a convention paper where I detailed the confusion surrounding the meaning and measurement of those concepts. As a solution, I decided to erase the board and start with a blank slate and a new term. Since that time, others have also languished over the confusion of the meaning of the terms empathy and perspective-taking, often merging them together in attempts to more clearly identify boundaries and meaning resulting in such terms as empathic perspective- taking, affective perspective-taking, and cognitive empathy. Other scholars have also discussed these issues of conceptual confusion, so there is no need to rehash those issues here.This book is published as Redmond, Mark V., Social decentering : a theory of other-orientation encompassing empathy and perspective-taking. Berlin,Boston; Walter de Gruyter, May 2018. Posted with permission.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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