1,720,977 research outputs found
Introduction
No full textIn “Governance, democracy and ethics in crisis-decision-making: The pandemic and beyond” edited by Caroline Redhead and Melanie Smallman, we consider what it means to be in a decision-making situation whereby rational or epistemic framings of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on data and scientific ways of knowing the world, rub up against more entangled human experiences and existences. How can (or should) we re-focus our perspectives and our systems as a result? Looking at matters ranging from the authority of the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the power of data during an emergency, to the role of public engagement as a source of policy evidence, we reflect on what it means to govern ethically in a pandemic, and whether (and how) the expected standards and norms of public life, evidence and decision-making apply in such circumstances. We also reflect on how power, authority, trust and the sense of the ending of the pandemic are inextricably linked, creating a need for ethics to move beyond normative assertions of the law and regulations, whether in hospitals or in the halls of parliamentary power
Relationships were a casualty when pandemic ethics and everyday clinical ethics collided
No full textThe ‘Reset Ethics’ research explored the everyday ethical challenges of reconfiguring England’s NHS maternity and paediatrics services during the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic. This ‘resetting’ created a unique context in which it became critical to consider how ethical considerations did (and should) underpin decisions about integrating infection control measures into the routine practice of healthcare.Ethical challenges encountered by decision-makers were often embedded in changes to working practices intended to keep staff safe, and to protect hospital communities from Covid-19 infection. However, these changes reduced healthcare professionals’ ability to ‘care’ for their patients, where care is understood as embracing the interpersonal relationships between the patient (and their family) and the healthcare provider. Offering such care was experienced as an ethically important dimension to healthcare delivery, and an essential component of patient-centred care. Our findings suggest that, although they protected healthcare staff and patients from Covid-19, infection prevention and control measures caused harm by creating barriers to relational interaction and engagement. We situate our participants’ reflections in a discussion about the significance of relationships in a healthcare context. We describe the theoretical underpinnings of a logic of relationality in healthcare, which we argue should underpin healthcare decision-making. We contend that an explicit attention to relationships is required to support to healthcare professionals in responding both to the everyday stresses and strains of working in healthcare, and to the extraordinary impacts of a public health emergency
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Governance, democracy and ethics in crisis-decision-making: The pandemic and beyond
Get PDFIn Governance, Democracy and Ethics in Crisis-decision-making, we reflect on what it means to govern ethically in a pandemic. We explore what it means to be in a situation in which rational or epistemic framings of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on data and scientific ways of knowing the world, rub up against the way people experienced the pandemic, as an unexpected, and often harmful, event in their own lives. The book brings together findings from The Pandemic and Beyond research projects linked by a focus on how decisions have been made, but looking at the pandemic from very different perspectives. In their exploration of decision-making processes from the everyday to the global, the contributors consider whether and how values have featured in decision-making, and sometimes why they have not. Exploring issues ranging from the authority of the World Health Organization and the power of data during an emergency, to the role of public engagement as a source of policy evidence, contributors consider whether (and how) the expected standards and norms of public life and decision-making should be different in times of crisis. We also reflect that the pandemic seems impossible to disentangle from matters of trust in power and authority. The answers to the questions discussed in this book will be vital in reviewing our experiences of emergency decision-making. As we emerge from the pandemic, the essential lessons drawn out in this book should direct and constrain future decision-makers in both ordinary times and extraordinary emergencies
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Governance, democracy and ethics in crisis-decision-making
Get PDFIn Governance, Democracy and Ethics in Crisis-decision-making, we reflect on what it means to govern ethically in a pandemic. We explore what it means to be in a situation in which rational or epistemic framings of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on data and scientific ways of knowing the world, rub up against the way people experienced the pandemic, as an unexpected, and often harmful, event in their own lives. The book brings together findings from The Pandemic and Beyond research projects linked by a focus on how decisions have been made, but looking at the pandemic from very different perspectives. In their exploration of decision-making processes from the everyday to the global, the contributors consider whether and how values have featured in decision-making, and sometimes why they have not. Exploring issues ranging from the authority of the World Health Organization and the power of data during an emergency, to the role of public engagement as a source of policy evidence, contributors consider whether (and how) the expected standards and norms of public life and decision-making should be different in times of crisis. We also reflect that the pandemic seems impossible to disentangle from matters of trust in power and authority. The answers to the questions discussed in this book will be vital in reviewing our experiences of emergency decision-making. As we emerge from the pandemic, the essential lessons drawn out in this book should direct and constrain future decision-makers in both ordinary times and extraordinary emergencies
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