255 research outputs found
Letter from C. D. Dawson, Tusayan Copper Mining and Smelting, to Carl Hayden
No full textLetter from C. D. Dawson to Carl Hayden urging him to consider the rights of miners and farmers when drawing up the boundaries for the proposed park
Letter from George W. Kimball, Tusayan National Forest, to Carl Hayden
No full textLetter from George W. Kimball to Carl Hayden with an enclosed map detailing the cattle and sheep allotments on the portion of the Tusyan Forest next to the Grand Canyon. Listed are names of permit holders in both stock and allotment that are most likely to trespass into the park. The names are: W. F. Griffin, W. W. Bass, H. R. Lauzon, Swanner and Griffin, Bankhead and Henderson, Martin Buggeln, Babbitt Brothers, Sanford Rowe, and P. D. Berry
Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of intramuscular quinine in Tanzanian children with severe Falciparum malaria.
No full textAlthough artesunate is clearly superior, parenteral quinine is still used widely for the treatment of severe malaria. A loading-dose regimen has been recommended for 30 years but is still often not used. A population pharmacokinetic study was conducted with 75 Tanzanian children aged 4 months to 8 years with severe malaria who received quinine intramuscularly; 69 patients received a loading dose of 20 mg quinine dihydrochloride (salt)/kg of body weight. Twenty-one patients had plasma quinine concentrations detectable at baseline. A zero-order absorption model with one-compartment disposition pharmacokinetics described the data adequately. Body weight was the only significant covariate and was implemented as an allometric function on clearance and volume parameters. Population pharmacokinetic parameter estimates (and percent relative standard errors [%RSE]) of elimination clearance, central volume of distribution, and duration of zero-order absorption were 0.977 liters/h (6.50%), 16.7 liters (6.39%), and 1.42 h (21.5%), respectively, for a typical patient weighing 11 kg. Quinine exposure was reduced at lower body weights after standard weight-based dosing; there was 18% less exposure over 24 h in patients weighing 5 kg than in those weighing 25 kg. Maximum plasma concentrations after the loading dose were unaffected by body weight. There was no evidence of dose-related drug toxicity with the loading dosing regimen. Intramuscular quinine is rapidly and reliably absorbed in children with severe falciparum malaria. Based on these pharmacokinetic data, a loading dose of 20 mg salt/kg is recommended, provided that no loading dose was administered within 24 h and no routine dose was administered within 12 h of admission. (This study has been registered with Current Controlled Trials under registration number ISRCTN 50258054.)
Cultural and personal identity as displayed in native Canadian Drew Hayden Taylor's "Sixties Scoop" trilogy of plays
No full textDrew Hayden Taylor is a Canadian, Aboriginal playwright and author who has written multiple plays that deal with Native Canadian issues, which are primarily focused on identity. This thesis examines Taylor's trilogy of plays Someday, Only Drunks and Children Tell the Truth and 400 Kilometres which were written over an eight-year period, 1991 through 1999, and is concerned with Taylor's examination of identity, suggesting that the ultimate goal of personal growth is an identity separate from, yet connected to, one's culture.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-87)California State University, Northridge. Department of Theatre
Correction: assortative mating in fallow deer reduces the strength of sexual selection.
No full textPMCID: PMC3182158
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.This article corrects this one:
PLoS One. 2011; 6(4): e18533. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018533[This corrects the article on p. e18533 in vol. 6.]
Hepatic and pulmonary pathology of experimental Fascioloides magna infection in guinea pigs
No full textThe guinea pig was used to study the pathology of Fascioloides magna, an important pathogen for sheep. Although flukes migrated freely through various tissues in infected guinea pigs, the most serious lesions occurred in the liver and lungs. The sequential development of lesions indicated that flukes first invaded the quadrate lobe of the liver and subsequently migrated to other liver lobes and tissues. Six weeks post-infection, there was a marked drop in the recovery of flukes from the liver along with a dramatic increase in pulmonary involvement. Much of the hepatic and pulmonary pathology in infected animals was secondary to extensive vascular lesions caused by migrating flukes. In the liver, vascular lesions predominantly involved the portal and hepatic veins. Thrombophlebitis and locally extensive necrosis, resembling infarction, were observed. Vascular lesions in the lungs occurred in the pulmonary arteries leading to thrombosis and haemorrhagic infarction. Discovery of a fluke in a pulmonary artery, along with the pattern of hepatic and pulmonary lesions, suggested that flukes probably used the cardiovascular system as a pathway for dissemination. Death in fluke-infested guinea pigs was most often associated with severe pulmonary lesions. The nature and distribution of fluke-induced lesions observed in this study demonstrate that the guinea pig is a suitable animal model for Fascioloides magna infection in sheep.LR: 20031114; PUBM: Print; JID: 0102444; ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
The acute metabolic and vascular impact of interrupting prolonged sitting: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textObjective: The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis analyzing the impact of up to 24 h of prolonged sitting on postprandial glucose, insulin and triglyceride responses, blood pressure and vascular function, in comparison to sitting interrupted with light- to moderate-intensity physical activity. Methods: To be included, studies had to examine the impact of prolonged sitting lasting < 24 h in apparently healthy males or females of any age. Studies were identified from searches of the MEDLINE, CINAHL and SportDISCUS databases on July 6, 2016. Study quality was assessed using the Downs and Black Checklist; publication bias was assessed via funnel plot. Results: Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review; of these, 20 were included in the meta-analysis, which compared prolonged sitting to the effects of interrupting sitting with regular activity breaks on postprandial glucose, insulin and triglycerides. When compared to prolonged sitting, regular activity breaks lowered postprandial glucose (d = − 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.50 to − 0.21) and insulin (d = − 0.37, 95% CI − 0.53 to − 0.20), but not triglyceride responses (d = 0.06, 95% CI − 0.15 to 0.26). Subgroup analyses indicated reductions in postprandial triglyceride responses only occurred 12–16 h after the intervention. The magnitude of the reductions in glucose, insulin or triglyceride response was not modified by the intensity of the activity breaks, the macronutrient composition of the test meal, or the age or body mass index of participants. Conclusion: Prolonged sitting results in moderate elevations in postprandial glucose and insulin responses when compared to sitting interrupted with activity breaks. PROSPERO ID: CRD42015020907. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedited version of an article published in Sports Medicine. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0963-
Design methods for sensitive and comprehensive microbial surveillance
No full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 169-203).We are surrounded by a vast and dynamic microbial world. Effective surveillance tools can benefit medicine and public health, including infectious disease diagnostics, proactive pathogen detection and characterization, and microbiome studies. New genomic technologies are transforming microbial surveillance, but face challenges stemming from low concentrations in collected samples and extensive, ever-changing diversity. In this thesis, we first demonstrate a need for stronger surveillance through mapping the spread of Zika virus during the 2015-16 epidemic. We generate 110 Zika virus genomes from across the Americas, forming the largest and most diverse Zika virus dataset at the time. We perform a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of Zika's spread and discover that it circulated undetected in multiple regions for many months. Two reasons are that Zika virus is present in samples at ultra-low abundance and was, during its rapid spread, an obscure pathogen.Motivated by this, we develop computational approaches that enable sensitive, comprehensive surveillance. We present CATCH, an algorithm that enhances enrichment of highly diverse whole genomes for more sensitive sequencing. CATCH designs scalable capture probe sets that are comprehensive, to a well-defined extent, against known sequence diversity. We use CATCH to design probes targeting whole genomes of the 356 viral species known to infect humans, including their vast subspecies diversity. Applied to 30 patient and environmental samples, we show that these probes improve hypothesis-free detection of viral infections and considerably enhance genome assembly. Academic labs, research hospitals, and government public health institutes are using CATCH to help detect and characterize microbes. We also present ADAPT, a system for end-to-end sequence design of nucleic acid diagnostic assays.We develop algorithms to comprehensively consider known diversity and enforce high taxon-specificity, even under relaxed criteria arising with RNA binding. Focusing on CRISPR-Cas13 detection, we perform high-throughput screening of crRNA-target pairs and develop a model, applied to our dataset, that predicts detection activity; using this, ADAPT's designs have high predicted activity. Along with CATCH, ADAPT advances microbial surveillance by leveraging and progressing with the extensive, ever-changing landscape of microbial genome diversity.by Hayden C. Metsky.Ph. D.Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Scienc
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