45,087 research outputs found
Smarandache Directionally n-Signed Graphs — A Survey
No full textFor graph theory terminology and notation in this paper we follow the book [3]. All graphs considered here are finite and simple. There are two ways of labeling the edges of a graph by an ordered n-tuple (a1, a2, · · · , an
Siolicaris sandhya Reddy & Arbizu 2012, comb. nov.
No full textSiolicaris sandhya (Ranga Reddy, 2001) comb. nov. (Figs. 6 –10) Synonymy. Parastenocaris sandhya Ranga Reddy — Ranga Reddy (2001), Ranga Reddy & Defaye (2007), Ranga Reddy & Schminke (2008), Ranga Reddy & Defaye (2009). Material examined. 3 ♂ and 3 ♀♀. Illustrations based on 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ dissected and mounted on 7 slides each. Type locality. River Krishna at Vijayawada, South India (additional information in Ranga Reddy 2001). Emended description. Male. Integumental window visible only on cephalothorax (Fig. 6A, B). Furca (Figs. 6A) with 7 setae; setae I–III proximally inserted, anterior to seta VII; seta II reduced; seta IV subdistal, inserting dorsally, on the outer margin of furca; seta V inserting on the distal margin of furca; seta VI shorter than seta V, inserting beneath it; seta VII approximately of the same size as seta VI, socketed at basis and inserting dorsally, on inner margin of furca. A1 (Fig. 7A–C) haplocer, 8-segmented and prehensile, 7 th segment without a distal inner apophysis; armature beginning with proximal segment: 0/6/4/2 [1 hyaline spine (dotted structure) and 1 seta]/5+Ae/2 [1 hyaline spine (dotted structure) and 1 seta]/2 [1 hyaline spine (dotted structure) and 1 distal seta]/9+Ae. A2 (Fig. 7D) and Md (Fig. 7E) as described by Ranga Reddy (2001). Mx1 (Fig. 7F) praecoxal arthrite with 5 elements (1 dorsal surface seta, 3 claw-like pinnate spines and 1 slender seta), coxa with 1 seta, basis with 3 setae. Mx2 (Fig. 7G) basis with 2 endites, proximal endite with 1 seta, distal endite with 2 slender setae and 1 pinnate spine; proximal endopodal segment drawn into claw; distal endopodal segment with 2 setae. Mxp (Fig. 7H) subchelate, composed of syncoxa, basis with 1-segmented endopod fused to the claw-like apical seta. P1 (Fig. 7I) coxa bare, basis with outer seta and outer row of spinules, and row of spinules near the insertion of the enp. Exp 3-segmented, exp-1 with outer spine, exp-2 unarmed, exp-3 with 2 outer spines and 2 geniculate setae of different lengths; enp 2-segmented, slightly bent inwards; enp-1 as long as the combined length of first 2 exopodal segments, with 2 long spinules inserted at inner distal third, enp-2 with 1 outer spine and 1 geniculate seta. P2 (Fig. 8A–C) coxa bare; basis without outer seta, with outer pore and 1 row of spinules on outer margin; exp 3-segmented, exp-1 with long outer spine and hyaline frill on its distal inner corner; exp-2 without armature, with a distal row of long spinules and 3 superimposed series of long setules on inner margin; exp-3 with 3 setae, hyaline frill on distal inner corner, row of long spinules on outer distal corner and row of long setules proximally inserted on inner margin; enp 1-segmented, shorter than exp-1, obovate, with proximal and medial row of spinules, distally with long seta and large spinule with hyaline margin. P3 (Fig. 8D–F) coxa naked; basis subquadrate, with row of strong spinules on outer margin, near the insertion of outer seta and pore; apophysis elongate, with distal claw and distal hyaline round tip, 1 large, outer spinule near the insertion of thumb; thumb strong, longer than apophysis, with a broad basis; enp represented by small seta. P4 (Fig. 8G) coxa naked; basis with outer seta, pore, row of small spinules near the outer margin and row of small spinules near the insertion of enp; exp 3-segmented, exp-1 with outer spine and hyaline frill on distal inner corner; exp-2 without armature and with distal row of long spinules; exp-3 with 2 setae and hyaline frill on distal inner corner; enp much reduced in size, 1-segmented, digitiform, bare. P5 (Fig. 9A–C) trapezoidal, with slender inner process, connected by a small, triangular intercoxal plate. With a row of small spinules on inner margin and 4 setae, all distally inserted; proximal exopodal seta, adjacent to the outer basal seta tiny and inserted on a small protuberance. P6 (Fig. 9A–B) as described by Ranga Reddy (2001). Female. Sexually dimorphic in A1, P2–P5 and genital somite. Integumental window visible only on the cephalothorax (Fig. 6B). Furca (Fig. 6B, C, E) armature as in male; variation in furcal shape as described by Ranga Reddy (2001). Telson with ventral row of spinules near the insertion of each furcal ramus (Fig. 6D). FIGURE 10. Siolicaris sandhya (Ranga Reddy, 2001) comb. nov., female. A, A1; B, A1 segment V; C, A2; D, P1; E, P2; F, enp P2; G, inner seta exp-3 P2; H, P3; I, J, P4 basis with enp and partially drawn exp-1. Scale bar = 20 µm. A1 7-segmented (Fig. 10A), not geniculate; armature beginning with proximal segment as follows: 0/4/4/ 1+Ae/2/1/9+Ae. P2 (Fig. 10E–F) inner margin of exp-2–3 without the series of long setules present in males. Enp claviform, with distal row of spinules and distal seta. P3 (Fig. 10H) coxa bare. Basis with a long outer seta and inner row of spinules approximately where enp inserts in other species. Enp completely absent. Exp 2-segmented, exp-1 with outer spine and distally, with outer and inner row of small spinules; exp-2 with 2 distal setae, outer row of spinules and usual hyaline frill at distal inner corner. P4 (Fig. 10I) coxa, basis and exp as in the male, with minor differences in ornamentation; enp reduced in size, smaller than exp-1, 1-segmented, digitiform, bare. P5 (Fig. 9D) trapezoidal, with moderately pronounced inner process, 1 inner spinule and 3 setae, all distally inserted. Intercoxal sclerite not observed. P6 (Fig. 9D) formed by 2 lateral and unarmed plates covering the gonopore. Single medially located copulatory pore.Published as part of Reddy, Ranga & Arbizu, Martínez, 2012, Revision of the genus Siolicaris Jakobi, 1972, with redescriptions of S. sioli (Noodt, 1963) and S. jakobi (Noodt, 1963) from South America, and S. sandhya (Ranga Reddy, 2001) comb. nov. from India (Copepoda, Harpacticoida,, pp. 49-71 in Zootaxa 3493 on pages 59-6
Synthesis and structural characterization of an exclusively N-based tetrameric aluminum(I) compound
No full textThe synthesis and X-ray structure of the first exclusively N-based tetrameric complex [RAl](4) (1; R = 2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3)N(SiMe3)) are reported. 1 was prepared by the reduction of [RAlI2](2) (2) with Na/K alloy
Significance of transition metal dichalcogenides and their role in the activity of semiconductor materials for spectacular photocatalytic hydrogen production
No full textThe transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are an important class of two-dimensional materials due to their tunable band gap, high carrier mobility, and adjustable carrier concentration. Owing to these advantages, TMD can be utilized in a wide range of applications. In this work, we discuss the role of TMDs and their modifications on semiconductor materials for photocatalytic activity studies. Several modification strategies of MoS2 have been explored to enhance its photocatalytic activity. These include: (i) deposition of few-layered MoS2 on CdS to increase surface-active site density (FMC), (ii) activating basal plane sites in addition to edge sites via Cu doping (Cu-FMC), and (iii) coupling with conductive reduced graphene oxide to facilitate charge transport while retaining catalytic edge sites (RGO-FMC). Comparative photocatalytic studies under solar light irradiation with lactic acid as a hole scavenger reveal that Cu doping enhances the intrinsic activity of MoS2, while reduced graphene oxide suppresses electron-hole recombination, and their combined structural modifications significantly boost hydrogen evolution performance, providing valuable insights into the rational design of transition metal sulfide-based heterostructures for solar fuel production.
A 2 h periodic variation in the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1
No full textSpectroscopy of the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1 using the Gran Telescopio Canarias have revealed a ?2 h periodic variability that is present in the three strongest emission lines. We tentatively interpret this variability as due to orbital motion, making it the first indication of the orbital period of Ser X-1. Together with the fact that the emission lines are remarkably narrow, but still resolved, we show that a main-sequence K dwarf together with a canonical 1.4 M? neutron star gives a good description of the system. In this scenario, the most likely place for the emission lines to arise is the accretion disc, instead of a localized region in the binary (such as the irradiated surface or the stream-impact point), and their narrowness is due instead to the low inclination (?10°) of Ser X-1
Scientometric portrait of Nobel laureate Leland H. Hartwell
No full textLeland H. Hartwell was honoured with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2001) at his 62 years age and at 41 years of research publishing career. The first contribution of the author was in 1961 at the age of 22. The number of his contributions in a year peaked in 1997 when it touched 8. He had 108 publications during 1961 – 2001 in domains: Molecular Biology of Cell Cycle Regulation (43), Genetics of Cell Division (48), Genomic Re-arrangement and DNA Repair (9), Molecular Genetics of Yeast Cell Fission (5), and Drug Target Interaction (3) which were analysed for authorship pattern with his 101 collaborators. Most active researchers having number of publications with Leland H. Hartwell were : Weinert, T. A. (10), Garvik, B. M. (8), McLaughlin, C. S. (8), Jenness, D. D. (5). His productivity coefficient was 0.76 which clearly indicates that his productivity increased after 50 percentile age. Highest collaboration coefficient (1) for Leland H. Hartwell was found during 1963-1965, 1968-1969, 1977, 1981-1983, 1985-1990, 1996 and 1998-2001. Journals have been the most preferred channel of communication where, as many as 96 papers out of 108 have been published. The core journals publishing his papers were: Cell (14), Genetics (12), Mol. Cell Biol. (8), J. Bactariol. (7), J. Cell Biol. ( 7), Science (7) J. Mol. Biol.(6), Exp. Cell Res. (5), and Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.(5). Publication density is 2.63 and Publication concentration is 14.63. Most prolific keywords in titles of publications were: Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Yeast , Cell division cycle , RAD9, DNA Damage , Genes , Cell cycle, Genetic control , Check point (s) , Cell division , Mutant of Yeast
Hippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy 1993
No full textHippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy, 1993 Figs 30–31, 40 Hippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy, 1993: 121, fig. 1a–d (♀). Type material. Holotype ♀ from INDIA: Andhra Pradesh: Guntur: Valiveru (16°11'N, 80°35'E; 10 m alt.), 15 January 1985, T. S. Reddy leg., repository NZC-ZSI, Kolkata (no register number specified), not examined. Paratypes 5 ♀♀, with the same data as holotype, not examined. Topotype material examined. INDIA: Andhra Pradesh: Guntur: Valiveru (16°11'N, 80°35'E; 10 m alt.), 11 October 2019, M.S. Pradeep & A. V. Mathew leg., from web on ground, by hand: 2 ♀♀ (ADSH595035). Diagnosis. Females of H. valiveruensis are closely related to the females of H. agelenoides as both have small body and similar colour pattern, but can be separated from the latter by epigyne without atrium (vs. epigyne with atrium in H. agelenoides), horizontally oriented spermathecal stalks (vs. vertically oriented spermathecal stalks in H. agelenoides) and globular spermathecae (vs. oval spermathecae in H. agelenoides) (compare Figs 30G–H, 31A–B with Figs 7F–G, 8D–E). Supplementary description. Female in ethanol (ADSH595035; Fig. 30A–E). Carapace, clypeus, chelicerae, endites, labium brownish; thoracic part marginally black; sternum pale brownish; opisthosoma greyish; leg and palp segments, spinnerets greenish black with black annulations and patches on leg and palp segments. Carapace clothed with fine black appressed setae. Thoracic part with slightly undulating margin (Fig. 30B). Thoracic fovea reddish, long (0.41), straight, longitudinal (Fig. 30A). Chelicerae dorsally clothed with moderately long setae; inner and outer surfaces provided with stridulatory files; promargin provided with a series of moderately long setae with bend tips, pro- and retromargins with three teeth (Fig. 30D). Sternum provided with scattered black setae, with a broad median longitudinal black band (Fig. 30C). Opisthosoma elongate-ovoid, hirsute; cardiac area marked with a pale brown patch; dorsum medially provided with transverse black bands and spots; venter proximolaterally provided with black spots arranged in a single line; sides provided with discontinuous black stripes. Spinnerets hirsute (Fig. 30E). Legs long, slender, hirsute, spinose; metatarsi without scopulae; tarsi with reduced scopulae. Body length 6.19. Carapace 2.80 long, 2.20 wide. Opisthosoma 3.39 long, 2.05 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: ALE 0.11, AME 0.12, PLE 0.16, PME 0.18; AME–ALE 0.06, AME–AME 0.08, AME–PME 0.11, PLE–PLE 0.57, PME–PLE 0.20, PME– PME 0.22. Clypeus height at AMEs 0.16, at ALEs 0.11. Length of chelicerae 0.93. Measurements of palp and legs: palp 3.31 [1.07, 0.52, 0.69, 1.03], I 9.00 [2.47, 1.01, 1.91, 2.34, 1.27], II 8.55 [2.39, 1.03, 1.79, 2.05, 1.29], III 8.53 [2.37, 1.06, 1.77, 2.04, 1.29], IV 12.79 [3.12, 1.12, 2.99, 3.96, 1.60]. Leg formula: 4123. Spination of palp: femur pld 1 do 3 rld 1, patella pld 1 do 2, tibia pld 1 plv 1 rld 1, tarsus pl 1 pld 1 plv 1 rl 1 rlv 1; legs: femur I pld 1 do 2 rld 2, II–III pld 3 do 3 rld 3, IV pld 3 do 3 rld 1; patellae I–IV pld 1 do 2 rld 1; tibia I pl 1 pld 1 plv 3 do 1 rl 2 rlv 3, II pl 1 pld 2 plv 1 rl 1 rld 2 rlv 3, III pl 1 pld 1 plv 3 rl 1 rld 3 rlv 1, IV pl 1 pld 2 plv 3 rl 1 rld 3 rlv 3; metatarsus I pld 2 plv 3 rl 1 rld 1 rlv 3 vt 1, II pld 3 plv 3 rld 3 rlv 3 vt 1, III pld 3 plv 3 rld 3 rlv 3 vt 1, IV pld 3 plv 3 rld 3 rlv 4 vt 1; tarsi I–IV spineless. Genitalia (Figs 30F–H, 31A–B): epigyne clothed in bushy setae (Fig. 30F), with M-shaped narrow, wide median and short semicircular lateral plates (Fig. 31A; MEP, LEP). Spermathecal stalks slender, S-shaped (Figs 30G–H, 31B; SS). Accessory glands oval, without stalk, originating basally to spermathecal stalks (Fig. 30G, 31B; AG). Spermathecae globular (Figs 30H, 31B; S). Fertilization ducts anteriorly directed, converging (Fig. 31B; FD). Male. Unknown. Variation. Female (n=2): 6.12–6.19. Distribution. India: Andhra Pradesh (Patel & Reddy 1993; present data) (Fig. 40). Remarks. We were unable to trace the types of H. valiveruensis in the arachnid collection of ZSI, even though the authors mentioned that the types would be deposited there (Patel & Reddy 1993).Published as part of SANKARAN, PRADEEP M. & CALEB, JOHN T. D., 2023, Notes on Indian wolf spiders: II. Genus Hippasa Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Lycosidae Hippasinae), pp. 101-152 in Zootaxa 5230 (2) on page 140, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5230.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/755494
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Andhracoides shabuddin Wilson & Reddy, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textAndhracoides shabuddin sp. nov. (Figs 2–9) Type material. Holotype male, AM P. 81105, bl 22.6 mm, 27.xii. 2008, here designated. Paratypes: female, AM P. 81106, bl 16.2, 27.xii. 2008; male, AM P. 81107, bl 26.0 mm, 27.xii. 2008, SEM; female, AM P.81108, 16.i. 2009, SEM & DNA; male, AM P. 84983, bl 22.5 mm, pleopods dissected, 27.xii. 2008; 7 specimens, AM P.84984, 16.i. 2009; 9 specimens, P.84985, 16.i. 2009; 8 specimens, ZSI C 5912 /2, 27.xii. 2008; 6 specimens, ZSI C 5913 /2, 27.xii. 2008. Type locality. India, Andhra Pradesh State, ~ 8 km from Piduguralla, Guntur District, Guthikonda Cave, 16 ° 23.7067 ' N, 79 ° 49.6495 ' E, elevation 160 m, freshwater pool in cave, coll. Y. R. Reddy and party, 27.xii. 2008 & 16.i. 2009. Etymology. The new species is named for Mr. Shabuddin Shaik, an enthusiastic M. Sc. (Zoology) student at Acharya Nagarjuna University during 2008–2010, who collected the first sample of this species. The name is proposed here as a noun in apposition to the generic name. Description. Colouration cuticle white, without pigment. Head (Figs 2 C, 3 A–B, E). Length subequal to width in dorsal view; lateral profile of dorsal surface smoothly curved; width 1.2–1.5 pereonite 1 width (M, AM P. 81107; F, AM P. 81108; H); surface smooth and shiny; setae absent. Cervical groove straight, extending nearly to dorsal margin of head. Mandibular (genal or cheek) groove absent. Mandibular notch present. Clypeal notch present. Antennal notch shallow, without posterior extension. Frontal process above antennula present. Mouth field in both sexes adjacent to posterior margin of head and anterior margin of pereonite 1. Pereon (Fig. 2 A–C, E). Width near head width; surface smooth; setae on dorsal surface absent. Pereonite 1 in dorsal view wider than medial length, width 0.51 length (H). Pereonites 2–7 in dorsal view anteriorly longer than wide decreasing posteriorly to wider than long, relative to pereonite 2 length:width ratios 1.02, 1.15, 1.05, 0.95, 0.71, respectively. Sternal processes occurring on sternites 1–7 (weak keel). Pleonites (Fig. 2 A–B, E). In lateral view, pleonite 1 pleura near depth of pleurae of pleonites 2–5. In dorsal view, pleonite 2–4 respective lengths more than half the length of pleonite 5, 1– 4 relative lengths subequal, 1–4 width 0.62 composite length in dorsal view. Pleonite 1–5 length:width ratios 0.42, 0.42, 0.42, 0.42, 0.69, respectively; depth ratios with pereonite 7 depth, respectively: 1.09; 1.05; 1; 0.96; 0.82. Pleonite 5 ventral margin constricting posteriorly, distance to dorsal margin noticeably greater anteriorly than posteriorly. Pleotelson (Figs 2 D, 9 A, C–D, F–H). Dorsal surface in lateral view sparsely covered with fine setae, length 1.25 width; lateral length 0.17–0.195 body length (H, F P. 81106), lateral length 2.6 depth; depth 0.72 pereonite 7 depth; ventral margin anterior to uropods 3.6–4.1 width of uropodal insertion (H; AM P. 81107), with fine setae, posterior seta length subequal to anterior adjacent setae. Posterolateral margin with 4–5 teeth on each side (AM P. 81107 with tiny terminal tooth); teeth rounded in cross-section (with whorls of microscopic subdenticles). Antennula (Figs 2 E, 3 C–D). Length 0.16–0.19 body length (F, M), with 17–18 articles (M, F). Article 5 length:width 0.86–1.8 (F, M). Article 6 length:width 1.2–1.3 (M, F). Aesthetascs occurring on distal 9 articles in male, 7 in female, 3 per article. Terminal article length 1.9 width (M), length 0.025 antennula total length (M). Antenna (Figs 2 A, E, 3 C, E). Length 0.51–0.58 body length (M, F). Article 5 longer than article 4, 6 subequal to articles 4 and 5 combined. Flagellum length 0.73 –0.76 total antenna length (F P. 81106, H), with 43–49 articles (H, F P. 81106). Mouth field (M P. 81107; Figs 3, 4). Clypeus medial margin broadly curved dorsally, concave under antennae, slightly curling dorsally and anteriorly at mandibular attachment, deeper on left side than on right, width 0.68 head width (M P. 81107). Labrum dorsal margin with clypeus linear, sloping ventrally to left side, ventral margin scalloped, with many long cuticular hairs, frontolateral fields with patch of fine cuticular hairs, labrum dorsal margin narrower than clypeus. Paragnaths lateral lobes smooth arc laterally, distally angular (approximately 90 °), medially curving proximally to straight margin between lobes; medial lobe open, not convoluted, not projecting, medial cuticular hairs coarse and elongate, becoming shorter proximally, ventrolateral cuticular hairs thinner and longer than medial hairs. Mandible (M P. 81107; Fig. 4 A–E). Palp length 1.2 mandible length; article 3 with more than 5 setae on medial margin, distal margins with 34 setae (in 2 rows), setae on margin finely spinulate, medial surface additional setae absent, medial surface lacking cuticular hairs or cuticular combs; article 2 longitudinal row of setae absent, separate distal group of setae present; articles 1–2 with single groups of setae on distolateral margins, article 2 with 6 elongate distally setulate setae. Left spine row with 8 spines, 2 of which bifurcate. Right spine row with 7 spines, 1 of which bifurcate. Molar process without teeth, complex setulate spines forming posterior row. Maxillula (M AM P. 81107; Fig. 5 A–B). Medial lobe length 0.74 lateral lobe length, width subequal to lateral lobe width 0.97 lateral lobe width, with 10 pappose setae, with 3 simple 'accessory setae' on distomedial margin; short weakly setulate seta on distal tip absent. Lateral lobe distal margin with 6 denticulate robust setae, with 9 smooth robust setae, distal setal row with 5 robust setae; ventral face with 1 plumose seta, additional plumose seta absent. Maxilla (M AM P. 81107; Fig. 5 C–D). Medial lobe width 0.74 outer lateral lobe width; proximal setae smoothly continuous in row with distal setae; setae in ventral basal rows elongate and finely pappose; setae in dorsal basal row well-separated, with proximal smooth setae grading into distally setulose setae; setae in distal row pappose. Outer lateral lobe length subequal to inner lateral lobe, width subequal to inner lateral lobe, distal margin setal row with two angles, transverse to lateral margin and oblique on medial margin; lateral lobes with bidenticulate setae on distal tips and on medial margin, 22 long setae on outer lateral lobe, 20 setae on inner lateral lobe (approximately; obscured by outer lateral lobe). Maxilliped (M AM P. 81107; Fig. 5 E–F). Epipod length:width 1.6, distal tip rounded. Endite medial length:total basis length 0.44; medial margin with 3 coupling hooks on left side, 3 on right side; distal margin with fine setae in dense fringe; ventral surface with medially grouped short setae; distal tip with 15 subdistal biserrate setae on ventral surface (approximately; in dense group of long cuticular hairs); dorsal ridge with 17 large distally denticulate plumose setae. Palp insertion on basis without adjacent simple or plumose setae; length:basis length 1.1; width across articles 2–3:endite width 2.1; article 5 length:width 1.6, article 5 length:article 4 length 0.75. Pereopod I (M AM P. 81107; F AM P. 81108; Fig. 6 A–B). Length:body length 0.24 (H), 0.25 (F). Dactylus length:propodus ventral margin length 1.3 (in both sexes); lateral surface with row of fine setae along axis; ventrodistal margin with row of thin scale-like spines, along 0.46–0.5 (F, M) total length; claw length:dactylus length 0.29–0.35 (M, F); dactylus with 1 distal accessory claw, flattened transversely, sharply acute, length approximately 0.25 dorsal claw length; without distal accessory spines. Propodus length:pereopod length 0.23, 0.21 (M, F); length:width 2.18, 2.07 (M, F); dorsal margin setae in several groups between proximal and distal margin, with 4 setae (excluding distal group); proximal region not protruding in either sex. Propodal palm without stout denticulate setae, with 5–6 (F, M) stout robust conical simple setae, setal ridge absent. Merus distodorsal margin with 1 or 2 robust simple setae. Basis length:width 2.17–2.18 (M, F); 1 dorsal setae in male positioned proximally (1–2 minor setae anterior margin); ventrodistal margin with 1 elongate seta, shorter than ischium. Pereopods II–III (Fig. 6 C–D). Penicillate setae in row of 6 on lateral side of basis dorsal ridge. Dactylus distal accessory claw distally flattened and blade-like, length 0.41 length of dorsal claw; dactylus ventral margin without spines. Propodus and carpus ventral margin setae robust. Ischium dorsal margin with 5 simple setae. Basis dorsal ridge in cross-section angular but not forming distinct plate. Pereopod II ratios, male (AM P. 81107) and female (ZSI C 5912 / 2), respectively. Length:body length 0.28, 0.3; dactylus length:propodus length 0.44, 0.62; dactylus primary claw length:dactylar length 0.53, 0.53; propodus length:pereopod length 0.14, 0.15; propodus length:width 3.66, 3.54; carpus length:pereopod length 0.15, 0.16; carpus length:width 2.14, 2.66; basis length:pereopod length 0.29, 0.27; basis length:width 3.04, 2.75. Pereopod III ratios, male (AM P. 81107) and female (ZSI C 5912 / 2), respectively. Length:body length 0.28, 0.33; dactylus length:propodus length 0.41, 0.45; dactylus primary claw length:dactylar length 0.56, 0.48; propodus length:pereopod length 0.13, 0.12; propodus length:width 3.52, 3.61; carpus length:pereopod length 0.14, 0.14; carpus length:width 2.4, 2.12; basis length:pereopod length 0.31, 0.29; basis length:width 2.96, 2.71. Pereopod IV (AM P. 81107, Fig. 6 E). Penicillate setae present in both sexes, occurring on dorsal margin of basis. Dactylus distal accessory claw approximately 0.33 length of primary claw. Propodus setae on ventral margin robust. Carpus setae on ventral margin in both sexes robust. Ischium posterodistal margin with 5 setae in male. Basis dorsal ridge with 4–5 setae (F, M; approximately), positioned proximally. Pereopod IV ratios, male (AM P. 81107) and female (ZSI C 5912 / 2), respectively. Length:body length 0.3, 0.33; propodus length:pereopod length 0.15, 0.11; propodus length:width 4.25, 3.11; carpus length:pereopod length 0.14, 0.14; basis length:width 2.8, 2.8. Pereopods V–VII (AM P. 81107, Fig. 7 A–B). Penicillate setae on dorsal ridge of basis, or dorsodistally on carpus, or dorsodistally on propodus. Dactylus accessory claw robust, conical, length nearly half length of primary claw. Propodus distal margins with 5–7 elongate robust setae. Ischium dorsal margin with 4–6 simple setae (increasing in length posteriorly). Basis dorsal ridge with no large setae. Penes (Fig. 7 C) on pereopod VII coxa extending near midline; distally tubular; distal tip truncate. Pereopod V ratios, male (AM P. 81107) and female (ZSI C 5912 / 2), respectively. Length:body length 0.25, 0.29; dactylus claw length:dactylar length 0.45, 0.41; propodus length:pereopod length 0.13, 0.13; carpus length:pereopod length 0.18, 0.17; basis length:width 2.66, 2.43. Pereopod VI ratios, male (AM P. 81107) and female (ZSI C 5912 / 2), respectively. Length:body length 0.31, 0.36; dactylus claw length:dactylar length 0.44, 0.44; propodus length:pereopod length 0.13, 0.15; carpus length:pereopod length 0.19, 0.18; basis length:width 2.99, 2.7. Pereopod VII ratios, male (AM P. 81107) and female (ZSI C 5912 / 2), respectively. Length:body length 0.28, 0.38; dactylus claw length:dactylar length 0.37, 0.33; propodus length:pereopod length 0.11, 0.15; carpus length:pereopod length 0.18, 0.16; basis length:width 3.0, 2.9. Pleopods (AM P. 84983, Fig. 8). Protopods II–V medial margins with small projections, with simple setae only in small group. Pleopod I exopod broadest distally, distal margin rounded, medial margin convex, divergent from lateral margin proximally, dorsal surface lacking setae. Pleopod II endopod appendix masculina (Fig. 7 D–E, 8 B–C) length 0.14 pleopod length; distal tip not extending beyond half length of exopod; proximal half of shaft forming elongate channel, groove open distally; distal tip acutely rounded; elongate rod-like setae on medial and lateral margins (2, 1, respectively); lateral margin with 4 setae; medial margin with 10 setae. Pleopod ratios (M AM P. 84983). Pleopod I length:body length 0.17; exopod length:width 1.94; endopod length:width 2.01; endopod length:exopod length 0.45. Pleopod II length:body length 0.17; exopod length:width 2.13; exopod length of distal article:exopod length 0.44; endopod length:width 2.5; endopod length:exopod length 0.49. Pleopod III length:body length 0.16; exopod length:width 1.97; exopod length of distal article:exopod length 0.46; endopod length:width 2.14; endopod length:exopod length 0.47. Pleopod IV length:body length 0.15; exopod length:width 1.9; exopod length of distal article:exopod length 0.48; endopod length:width 2.33; endopod length:exopod length 0.49. Pleopod V length:body length 0.15; exopod length:width 1.87; exopod length of distal article:exopod length 0.49; endopod length:width 2.1; endopod length:exopod length 0.43. Uropod (AM P. Fig. 9 A–B, D–E, F–H). Protopod extending posterior to pleotelson apex; dorsomedial ridge produced, spur-like, dorsomedial ridge medially directed, each margin with 3 broad denticles, without setae; dorsolateral margin setae fine and simple; distoventral margin without robust or spinose setae. Rami distal tips pointed; cross-sectional shape flattened on dorsal surface only. Endopod and exopod dorsal margins without robust setae in either sex. Uropod ratios, male (AM P. 81107) and female (AM P. 81108), respectively. Total length:pleotelson length 0.73, 0.81. Protopod length:width 1.97, 1.68; length: uropod total length 0.59, 0.49. Exopod length: endopod length 0.66, 0.92. Distribution. Peninsular India: in the state of Andhra Pradesh, found in caves and in wells. Remarks. Although the data have not been compiled on the more limited specimens at hand, we have observed that the undescribed species of this genus differ from Andhracoides shabuddin sp. nov. in the robustness of the pleotelson and uropods, and in dorsal setation, which is largely lacking in this species. Other species are much more heavily setose and therefore are easily identified as different from Andhracoides shabuddin sp. nov.Published as part of Wilson, George D. F. & Reddy, Yenumula Ranga, 2011, Andhracoides shabuddin gen. nov., sp. nov., a new phreatoicidean isopod (Crustacea, Hypsimetopidae) from hypogean aquatic habitats in Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 37-53 in Zootaxa 2869 on pages 42-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20763
The country we want to live in: hate crimes and homophobia in the lives of black lesbian South Africans
No full textBased on a Roundtable seminar, held during the 2006 16 Days of Activism for no Violence against Women and Children, the text engages the heteronormative focus of the campaign, profiles aspects of the dynamic conversations, and builds strong arguments about violence against lesbians. The country we want to live in: Hate crimes and homophobia in the lives of black lesbian South Africans offers a refreshing perspective on violence perpetrated against black lesbians. It also profiles the voices of women who are central to the activism around hate crimes and homophobia. In capturing key aspects of the lively discussion of 2006, an update of subsequent events that have bearing on the original seminar is provided, concluding with recommendations that have relevance for research, policy and practice. The country we want to live in makes an impassioned plea about citizenship, belonging and social justice, confirming that silence about these issues is not an option. PART I: Context and History: *Context and socio-political background; *Language and vocabulary; *The delimitations of this report; PART II: Perspective and Profile: *Roundtable Seminar on Gender-Based Violence, Black Lesbians, Hate Speech and Homophobia; PART III: Current and Future Prospects; *Legally-focused campaigning; *Conclusions and Recommendations: a way forward
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