24,716 research outputs found
Assessing sweet sorghum juice and syrup quality and fermentation efficiency
Full text linkSweet sorghum is a C4 crop with high photosynthetic efficiency with a unique
ability of high carbon assimilation (50 g m-2 day-1) and accumulates high
concentrations of easily fermentable sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose)
in the stalks. Hence, it is widely believed that it is an alternate energy source
that is renewable, sustainable, efficient, cost-effective, convenient and safe to
use. Sucrose is the major sugar in sweet sorghum juice which constitutes up
to 85% of the total sugars (Woods 2000). The sugar yields ranged between
1.6 to 13.2 Mg ha-1, with significant variations observed between years and
regions (Jackson et al. 1980; Reddy et al. 2007; Zhao et al. 2009). The juice
sugar content is dependent on the crop stage, because fructose is more
abundant at the early development stage, whereas sucrose tends to be
dominant after heading (Sipos et al. 2009). The sweet sorghum juice sugar
content ranged from 10 to 25 Brix% at maturity (Reddy et al. 2007; Ritter
et al. 2004). Research at the International Crops Research Institute for the
Semi-Arid-Tropics (ICRISAT) showed that sweet sorghum juice yield ranges
between 16.8 to 27.2 m3 ha-1 (Reddy et al. 2007) and accrues about 23%
additional returns vis-à-vis grain sorghum (Rao et al. 2009)
Synthesis, Structural Elucidation and Bioassay of Morpholine/Thiomorpholine and Piperidine Containing Oxazoles
Full text linkThe series of novel oxazole derivatives (3-4) have been synthesized. All the entitles compounds were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C NMR, mass spectra. All the lead compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity. The compound 4f having chloro substituent on the aromatic ring displays greater antimicrobial activity particularly against P. aeruginosa and P. crysogenum. © 2020 Author(s).The authors G. Sravya and N. Bakkthavatchala Reddy are thankful to Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia for giving postdoctoral fellowship
Synthesis of a New Class of Thiazolyl Morpholines / Thiomorpholines and Evaluation as Antimicrobials
Full text linkThe series of novel thiazole derivatives (4-5) have been synthesized. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C NMR, mass spectra. All the lead compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity. The compound 5f having chloro substituent on the aromatic ring displays greater antimicrobial activity particularly against P. aeruginosa and P. crysogenum. © 2020 Author(s).The authors G. Sravya and N. Bakkthavatchala Reddy are thankful to Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia for giving postdoctoral fellowship
Alteration of growth and differentiation factors response by Kirsten and Harvey sarcoma viruses in the IL-3-dependent murine hematopoietic cell line 32D C13(G)
No full text32D C13(G) is an interleukin 3(IL3)-dependent nontumorigenic murine hematopoietic cell line which undergoes terminal differentiation into granulocytes when exposed to granulocytic colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Infections of 32D C13(G) cells with either Kirsten rat sarcoma virus or Balb murine sarcoma virus, both containing a v-ras oncogene, generates clones that can permanently grow in G-CSF without differentiation. 32D-Ki-ras cells show a heterogeneous morphology ranging from the promyelocytic to the myelocytic stage of differentiation, and express high levels of both myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lactoferrin (LF) mRNA. 32D-Ha-ras cells show a more immature phenotype and express MPO but no LF mRNA. The apparent differentiation block of both 32D Ki-ras and 32D Ha ras can be reversed by treatment with the chemical inducers retinoic acid, sodium butyrate or dimethylsulphoxide, which leads to terminal differentiation into granulocytes. When 32D-Ki-ras and 32D-Ha-ras cells are cultured in medium containing IL-3 they become adherent and express some monocyte-macrophage markers. Upon prolonged exposure to IL3, 32D-Ki-ras, but not 32D-Ha-ras, resume suspension growth. Both 32D-Ki-ras and 32D-Ha-ras rapidly die if grown in chemically defined medium in the absence of any growth factor and are non-tumorigenic in immunosuppressed mice. These findings indicate that ras activation may interfere with the normal response to growth and differentiation factors in cells of the granulocytic lineage. These alterations may represent a critical, although non-sufficient, step in leukemogenesis
Synthesis of Novel Benzothiazole Compounds with an Extended Conjugated System
No full text[[abstract]]Novel cyano-substituted benzothiazoles (Schemes 1 and 2) were synthesized, which possess an extended conjugated system. Compound 6 consists of two benzothiazole units with bis (4-vinylphenyl) acrylonitrile as a bridging group and compound 12 was two benzothiazole units and two dodecyloxy bis(4-vinylphenyl)-acrylonitrile units. Absorption and fluorescence properties were studied for compounds 6 and 12
Commercialization: Status and way forward
Full text linkEthanol is a biofuel that is used as a fuel additive and a replacement for nearly 3 % of the world’s fossil fuel-based gasoline consumption. Currently, most of the bioethanol is produced from sugarcane in Brazil and corn in the United States, while biodiesel is made from rapeseed in Europe. The rationale for the success of the Brazilian Proalcool program, its present status and its perspectives has been presented. The Proalcool program’s mandate was a vast increase in ethanol production with a sound government-backed subsidies and incentives initially to reach the goal; however, it was the private investors and companies that were solely responsible to achieve the end result. The Proalcool program indeed provides several essential lessons to many countries around the world about the potential competitiveness of biofuels vis-à-vis traditional fuels. Considering the importance of alternate biofuels, sweet sorghum has been identified as a promising energy crop to meet the energy security and reduce the dependence on fossil fuels in many countries around the globe. The Indian National Biofuel Policy (2009) recognizes sweet sorghum as a major biofuel feedstock and well adapted to India. However, its value chain could not get popular as anticipated due to low price level (Rs. 27) fixed by Government of India. Hence, it is necessary to review the ethanol price in India so as to give fillip to the beleaguered biofuel industry, which will likely to play a stabilization role in a oil import dependent economy like ours. Similarly, a number of case studies are presented on the research efforts made in various countries around the world like India, USA, Brazil and China on the use of sweet sorghum as a potential bioenergy feedstock. The current and commercialization status of the various biofuel technologies and approaches are discussed. The biofuel blending targets and mandates of different countries are also presente
How Participatory is Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM)? A Study of Water User Associations (WUAs) in Andhra Pradesh
Full text linkIt is argued that the reason for the ills of irrigation management is the alienation of farmers from the process of planning and implementation. Often 'lack of political will' is identified as the main reason for the tardy progress in irrigation reforms at the state level. Andhra Pradesh has demonstrated the political will by initiating widespread irrigation reforms through legislation. This paper, based on the situation after six years of WUAs in existence, makes an attempt to provide a comprehensive view on the status and functioning of the Water Users' Associations in the State. It is argued that while substantial amounts of money were spent on the reform process, the money was used mainly for improving the ailing irrigation systems rather than strengthening the formal institutional structures. Though some benefits in terms of increased area under irrigation in canal systems and improved quality of irrigation is evident, the sustainability of these benefits is rather uncertain in the absence of efficient institutional structures. Despite the fact that WUAs are promoted as non-political institutions, 'elite capture' and political involvement dominate their functioning. And the present trend appears to be towards further politicization of these institutions. More importantly, even after six years of their existence devolution of powers to WUAs has not taken place, as most of the important functions like assessment, collection of water charges, sanctioning of works, etc., are still in the hands of the irrigation department. In the absence of devolution of powers the WUAs are aiming for political gains rather than improving the systems. It is argued that political will is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for making the WUAs autonomous and self-sufficient. Restructuring and reforming of the State irrigation departments and the bureaucracy is critical for effective and sustainable irrigation institutions.participatory, Irrigation Management, water, Andhra Pradesh
Grapholita constricta Reddy and Shashank 2022, sp. nov.
No full textGrapholita constricta Reddy and Shashank sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 7, 11, 15, 16) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C09D2E42-C164-49CB-9DE2-472D6F28CC84 Type material. J. Holotype. [ India] Karnataka: Bengaluru, Dommasandra lake, 12°52′26.5″N 77°44′52.8″E, 901 mt., 09.XI.2021, MVL, Karthik Reddy M (gen. slide no. L00051939)-coll. INPC. Diagnosis. Grapholita constricta sp. nov. is closely related to G. saphinella Razowski & Becker. The adult of G. constricta sp. nov. is orangish brown with indistinct dorsal blotch, and ocelloid patch with black dashes, whereas G. saphinella is brownish grey with conspicuous dorsal blotch, and ocelloid patch indicated by a vertical leaden line above tornus. The male genitalia of G. constricta sp. nov. is characterized by a wide vinculum, weakly pointed hood-shaped tegumen with curved bristles at apex, valva with deep and narrow constriction reaching to 2/3 width, straight dorsal margin, basal excavation occupying 2/3 sacculus, and long and slender aedeagus weakly tapering towards apex, whereas G. saphinella has narrow vinculum, triangular tegumen sparsely hairy and tapered apically, valva constriction reaching to 1/2 width, slightly sinuate dorsal margin, basal excavation occupying 1/2 sacculus, and aedeagus broad basal half, then tapering towards apex. Description. Male (Fig. 3). Wingspan: 9.3 mm (n=1). Head (Fig. 7). Ocellus large, chaetosema distinct. Vertex light brown, with long scales anteriorly projecting between antennae. Upper frons light brown to orangish white, with moderately long forward projecting scales; lower frons light brown, with minute upwardly appressed scales. Labial palpi moderately long (1.8 x diameter of eye), ascending; first segment light brown; second segment slender, slightly widened distally, light brown; third segment slender with pointed apex, light brown. Antenna moderately long, brown, reaching middle of forewing. Thorax. Posterior crest absent. Pronotal collar and tegulae light brown to orangish brown. Legs brown, unmodified. Wings. Forewing light brown mixed with orange white, subrectangular; male costal fold absent, costa evenly curved; apex rounded; termen slightly notched below apex, almost straight; apical half of costa with well-developed costal strigulae, strigulae 1 and 2 indistinct, strigulae 3-6 paired and separated by dark brown, strigulae 7-9 singled; interfascia between strigulae extending obliquely from costa to termen; ocelloid patch with four black dashes between M1 and CuA2, surrounded by greyish brown scales; outer margin with terminal strigulae, yellowish white between R5 and M1; underside light brown with yellowish white spots on costa and outer margin between veins. Hindwing pale brown to orange, subtrapezoidal, with well-developed cubital pecten; underside light brown. Abdomen (Fig. 11). Brown. S2 with well-developed anterolateral processes. Coremata: S8 a small crescentic plate with a pair of short anterolateral projections; intersegmental sclerite bearing lever rods laterally, associated with pair of small tufts of long filiform scales. Male genitalia (Figs. 15, 16). Vinculum wide V-shaped band. Tegumen ovate, weakly sclerotized, hood-shaped apex with inward folded membrane bearing dense, curve, short bristles. Uncus and socii reduced. Gnathos medially fused, weakly sclerotized band. Valva elongate, ventral margin with a deep and narrow constriction beyond middle of valva length, with straightened dorsal margin; sacculus subrectangular, with large basal excavation occupying 2/3 sacculus, small costal process apicoventrally with moderately dense of short setae mixed with sparsely long setae; cucullus ovate, with dense bristles except dorsally. Juxta rhomboidal; caulis long; aedeagus moderately long, gradually narrow towards apex, slightly curve apical 1/3; vesica with two groups of deciduous spiniform cornuti near base and distal 1/3 of aedeagus. Female. Unknown. Distribution. Dommasandra (India: Karnataka: Bengaluru). Host. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name constricta refers to deep ventral valval constriction. Remarks. The most recent comprehensive review of the genus Grapholita was given by Komai (1999). Most of the Grapholita species are recognized by short, upcurved labial palpi, absence of sexual dimorphism in hindwing, well-developed coremata, with paired tufts of filiform or lanceolate scales, intersegmental ventral sclerite usually with a pair of long levers, and with a small crescent-shaped eighth sternite with a pair of short projections laterally, and male genitalia with weakly sclerotized tegumen, absence of uncus and socius, valva constricted near middle with rounded or ovate cucullus.Published as part of Reddy, Karthik M. & Shashank, P. R., 2022, Three new species of the tribe Grapholitini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) from India, pp. 534-542 in Zootaxa 5219 (6) on pages 537-538, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5219.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/743619
Correlation between the structural, electrical and electrochemical performance of layered Li(Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 for lithium ion battery
No full textThe Li(Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 (LNCMO) cathode material is prepared by poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)-assisted sol-gel/hydrothermal and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly (ethylene glycol) (Pluronic-P123)-assisted hydrothermal methods. The compound prepared by PVP-assisted hydrothermal method shows a comparatively higher electrical conductivity of ~2 × 10−5 S cm−1 and exhibits a discharge capacity of 152 mAh g−1 in the voltage range of 2.5 to 4.4 V, for a C-rate of 0.2 C, whereas the compounds prepared by P123-assisted hydrothermal method and PVP-assisted sol-gel method show a total electrical conductivity in the order of 10−6 S cm−1 and result in poor electrochemical performance. The structural and electrical properties of LNCMO (active material) and its electrochemical performance are correlated. The difference in percentage of ionic and electronic conductivity contribution to the total electrical conductivity is compared by transference number studies. The cation disorder is found to be the limiting factor for the lithium ion diffusion as determined from ionic conductivity values. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.1
Effect of prothrombin 19911 A>G polymorphism on the risk of cerebralsinus-venous thrombosis.
No full textEur J Neurol. 2010 Dec;17(12):1482-5.
Effect of prothrombin 19911 A>G polymorphism on the risk of cerebral
sinus-venous thrombosis.
Martinelli I, Bucciarelli P, De Stefano V, Passamonti SM, Menegatti M, Tormene D,
Tosetto A, Mannucci PM.
A. Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Department of Internal
Medicine and Medical Specialties, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore
Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. [email protected]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The A>G polymorphism at position 19911 of the prothrombin
gene is associated with a mildly increased risk of venous thromboembolism, alone
or in association with such common thrombophilia mutations as factor V Leiden and
prothrombin 20210 GA. Its role in cerebral sinus-venous thrombosis (CSVT) is not
known.
METHODS: The presence of prothrombin 19911 A>G was investigated in a case–control
study of 107 patients with cerebral thrombosis and factor V Leiden (n = 25),
prothrombin 20210 GA (n = 47), without known thrombophilia (n = 35) and 842
healthy individuals with the corresponding coagulation profile.
RESULTS: Prothrombin 19911 A>G did not increase the risk of CSVT in carriers of
factor V Leiden (adjusted odds ratio 1.6, 95%CI 0.6–4.7), prothrombin 20210 GA
(odds ratio 1.1, 95%CI 0.6–2.2), nor in patients without known thrombophilia
(odds ratio 1.3, 95%CI 0.5–3.1).
CONCLUSIONS: Prothrombin 19911 A>G polymorphism does not appear to be a risk
factor for CSVT, alone or in association with factor V Leiden or prothrombin
20210GA.
© 2010 The Author(s). European Journal of Neurology © 2010 EFNS.
PMID: 20482605 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
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