1,720,959 research outputs found
Stabilized soils for structural applications and some issues on Sustainable constructions
No full textConstruction industry is the largest producer of materials when compared with any other industrial
sector. Currently the annual production of cement is about 3 billion tonnes and burnt clay bricks are
about 3.5 billion tonnes. Consumption of every tonne of cement requires 5 – 6 tonnes of aggregates
and therefore 15 – 20 billion tonnes of aggregates are consumed annually. Therefore, Manufacturing
and use of construction materials necessitates consumption of raw material resources and energy. Raw
materials are mined from the earth and energy is expended to convert these raw materials into
construction products. The consequences are depletion of the raw material resources due to mining.
Any activity related with mining is unsustainable. Expenditure of energy causes green house gas
(GHG) emissions. Thus construction sector has two problems to address: (1) unsustainable mining of
limited raw material resources and (2) GHG emissions. It has been assessed that the built environment
alone consumes 30% of raw materials extracted and 40% energy resources. The built environment is
responsible for 40% of GHG emissions and 30% of solid waste generation. Majority of the arguments
proposed regarding sustainability of construction sector in general and the built environment in
particular address the issue of pollution and GHG emission reductions. Without addressing the issue
of depleting material resources due to mining there is no meaning in talking about sustainability of
construction sector. This presentation will discuss some real issues of sustainability with reference to
construction sector and the technology of stabilised soil products (low energy and sustainable
products) for structural applications like walls and other building components.
Concepts of sustainability of construction sector particularly with reference to the mining of material
resources and energy represent the main focus of the presentation. Energy, emissions and life cycle of
some conventional materials are discussed. Case studies of zero carbon foot print vernacular
structures and the problems associated with rating systems are illustrated. Broad guidelines on
achieving sustainability construction sector are proposed.
Potential of earth based low embodied carbon building products for structural applications in
buildings has been illustrated with some examples. Loss of strength on saturation and rain erosion are
the two major disadvantages of pure soil based constructions. Hence, there is a need for stabilised soil
products for structural components of buildings. Examples of centuries old earthen structures
especially multi-storey residential structures are pictorially illustrated. Surge of recent interests in
reviving earthen architecture for dwellings with case studies are shown.
Principles soil stabilisation as adopted for the production of stabilised soil blocks and stabilised
rammed earth elements would be dealt in greater detail. Density, strength and moisture relationships
and their importance in devising good quality stabilised soil blocks and stabilised rammed earth walls
forms the main theme of discussions on stabilised soil products for structural applications.
Discussions on embodied carbon in stabilised soil products, retrieving clay minerals from such
products, recycling and end of life considerations of such products forms the main scientific analysis.
The presentation leads to the emergence of some useful guidelines on stabilised earth construction as
applicable to sustainable constructions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
