1,721,102 research outputs found
Second Assessment of Local Climate Plans in European Cities –State and progress of adaptation and mitigation planning across EU‐28 urban areas
No full textUrban areas are pivotal to global adaptation and mitigation efforts due to the amount of people, assets, and infrastructures (Rosenzweig et al. 2010, 2011; Hunt and Watkiss 2011) entailing concentrated risk and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. But how do cities actually perform in terms of climate change response? In this session we shed light on the state of urban climate change adaptation and mitigation planning across EU-28 countries and cities. Based on the First Assessment of Climate Change Planning in 11 countries across Europe (see Reckien et al., 2014; Heidrich et al., 2016) this session presents new evidence from the Second Assessment of Climate Change Planning conducted on a much larger sample of cities across the EU-28 taking Europe’s Urban Audit (UA) Cities. The UA Cities are large- and medium-sized cities of regional representativeness. We assess whether the UA cities in the EU-28 do have a mitigation and adaptation plan, and analyse the plans for content using a common protocol. With that we do rely on self-report measures such as questionnaires and interviewing of city representatives, which might incorporate bias, but on a scientific analysis supported by administration-external researchers that have worked and are familiar with the language and respective urban and climate policies. The analysis is based on a representative analysis of local climate planning across the EU-28 to accurately determine the climate change response of European cities.Ref:Rosenzweig C, Solecki W, Hammer SA, Mehrotra S (2010) Cities lead the way in climate-change action. Nature 467(7318):909–911 Rosenzweig C, Solecki W, Hammer SA, Mehrotra S (2011) Climate change and cities: first assessment report of the urban climate change research network. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Hunt A, Watkiss P (2011) Climate change impacts and adaptation in cities: a review of the literature. Clim Chang 104(1):13–49. doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9975-6 Heidrich, O., Reckien, D., Olazabal, M., Foley, A., Salvia, M., de Gregorio Hurtado, S., . . . Dawson, R. J. (2016). National climate policies across Europe and their impacts on cities strategies. J Environ Manage, 168, 36-45. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.043 Reckien, D., Flacke, J., Dawson, R. J., Heidrich, O., Olazabal, M., Foley, A., . . . Pietrapertosa, F. (2014). Climate change response in Europe: what’s the reality? Analysis of adaptation and mitigation plans from 200 urban areas in 11 countries. Climatic Change, 122(1-2), 331-340. doi:10.1007/s10584-013-0989-
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The influences by international and national climate change policies on city strategies to provide infrastructure systems
No full textGlobally, efforts are underway to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to climate change impacts at the local level. However, there is a poor understanding of the relationship between urban plans on climate change and the relevant policies at national and European level (Reckien et al., 2014). We assess the influence climate change policies and supporting networks can have on the city strategy and quantify policy efforts across 200 European cities (Heidrich et al., 2016). In this presentation we demonstrate the influence that international and national climate change policies can have on local plans to introduce infrastructure systems. Specifically we address: 1. How are climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts incorporated into national policies and city strategies or plans, and 2. What are the influences of national climate change policies on local strategies to introduce infrastructure systems that help adaptation and mitigation efforts? We show that policies and guidelines from international as well as national levels can be effective in enhancing local capacity for adaptation and mitigation planning. However the mere existence of international or national climate policies is no guarantee for local plans and action. Thus we argue that urban climate change mitigation and adaptation implementation strategies require a context-oriented and systems-based approach and suggest that European, national and regional governments need to provide sufficient capacity and resources to enable cities to plan, respond and act to the challenges and opportunities that climate change will likely bring. References Heidrich, O., et al (2016) \u27National climate policies across Europe and their impacts on cities strategies\u27, Journal of Environmental Management, 168, pp. 36-45. Reckien D, et al (2014) ‘Climate change response in Europe: What\u27s the reality? Analysis of adaptation and mitigation plans from 200 urban areas in 11 countries’, Climatic Change Letters, 122 (1-2), pp. 331-340
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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