1,721,008 research outputs found
Fashion and Work Organizational Ecosystem Prospects and Post-COVID-19 Scenarios
No full textDesign is the basis of organizations’ innovation and sustainability process and an
indispensable re-source for meeting short-term sustainability goals and transforming
the long-term economic model.
However, it is known that the current configuration of the organizational work
ecosystem in the Fash-ion sector has been marked by a panorama of sanitary,
social and economic instability. That said, the objective of this paper is to map the
organizational ecosystem of work in the Fashion sector from a systemic perspective
between the individual, organization, work environment, products, tasks, and
tools in a post-COVID-19 scenario and of profound technological changes.
Thus, it is essential to re-think corporate culture and organizational ecosystems
through new models of collaboration and inno-vation between partners. The relevance
of this study for the Design area is in determining strategies for stakeholders
in the present, from the projection of future work scenarios in Italian fashion
companies, as vectors of development and a balance factor in the relationships
between people, objects, and the environment. The research approach was systemic-
constructivist, and the methodological design included Grounded Theory
and Triangulation
Além do Laboratório de Malharia: uma observação crítica
Full text linkO presente artigo pretende relatar a experiência como Professora Visitante no Departamento de Design do Politécnico de Milão e abordar o Laboratório de Design como prioridade e característica distintiva do Sistema de Design do Politécnico. O conceito de Laboratório de Design refere-se a uma equipe multidisciplinar de professores, designers, pesquisadores e técnicos que orienta as atividades didáticas e de pesquisa dos discentes e que promove a inovação como parte do processo, através da observação, da experimentação, da construção do pensamento cognitivo, do trabalho cooperativo e da relação teoria-prática. Tem como escopo a aquisição das bases conceituais, teóricas, metodológicas e práticas, por parte dos alunos, para lidar com questões relacionadas ao design de produtos. É um espaço que considera o aprendizado como um produto de um processo de ensino envolvendo a experiência direta do estudante. Ademais, este trabalho objetiva salientar os aspectos do processo de ensino e aprendizagem da educação em Design de Moda na Itália, uma vez que a educação difere drasticamente de país para país, devido a sistemas educacionais distintos, várias demandas dos locais de trabalho e percepções em relação ao Design de Moda como disciplina acadêmica. Ou seja, a Educação Superior Italiana atua com atividades experimentais no sentido de definir ferramentas e métodos para treinar profissionais capazes de responder às necessidades do contexto industrial, com o conhecimento técnico e cultural adequado e a mentalidade orientada ao projeto típica das disciplinas de design industrial. Na Itália, a cultura do Design sempre foi um “ofício da arte”, que envolve quatro principais aspectos: (1) A cultura da pesquisa como suporte à criatividade, que não pode ser considerada como atributo inato sem um apoio didático e metodológico; (2) O conhecimento da dimensão técnica dos produtos, que não deve ser reduzida ao aprendizado de técnicas de corte e costura; (3) O conhecimento da dimensão metaprojetual, que é uma atividade estruturada, complexa e metódica; (4) A apreensão da dimensão sistêmica dos produtos, que são entidades complexas, baseadas na interação entre pessoas, produtos e lugares. A literatura aponta que, em uma atualidade inter-relacionada e complexa, o Design é um recurso irrefutável capaz de conduzir os sistemas produtivos para novos modelos de desenvolvimento, considerando a diversidade e a pluralidade identitária, bem como encontrar soluções resultantes como das interações interdisciplinares e híbridas entre diversas metodologias e habilidades. Consequentemente, há evidências cada vez mais claras de que a formação do futuro designer deve ser entendida como um processo, criando relações de diálogo entre a sociedade e a comunidade acadêmica para gerar um conhecimento interdisciplinar e contextualizado. O lócus da pesquisa foi o KnitLab do Politécnico de Milão, o mais recente dos Laboratórios do Sistema de Design e que possibilita o aprendizado e domínio de técnicas artesanais e industriais com as quais os futuros designers podem exercitar sua criatividade, enquanto as empresas encontram nela uma ajuda valiosa para suas pesquisas e experimentações
DESIGN OF FORWARD-INCLINED BLADES FOR A 0.5 HUB-TO-TIP RATIO TUBE-AXIAL FAN
No full textThe paper deals with the design of forward-inclined blades, where “forward-inclination” is intended as the design-dependent amount of forward sweep to be incorporated in non-free-vortex blades to restore a quasi-2D flow behaviour within the rotor passages. The aim of the work is to assess the effectiveness of this design modification in a 0.5 hub-to-tip ratio fan with radially stacked blades that induce a roughly constant-swirl velocity at the rotor exit. To this end, the original blade has been modified by incorporation of a forward sweep amount that translates into a forward-inclined design, defined in accordance with a method suggested by the authors. The forward-inclined design demonstrated experimentally to improve pressure rise and efficiency of the original fan in the whole operation range with ca 10% gain at design operation
Techno-economic analysis of a mechanical vapor compression desalination system for volume minimization of reverse osmosis brine
No full textFresh water availability is gradually decreasing and may limit the primary needs of drinking water and irrigation, as well as other activities, such as energy conversion, tourism, etc. A high number of desalination plants are being built to provide clean water. One of the main strategies is the brine volume minimization by means of either membrane or thermal processes. The present study focuses on the development of a techno-economic analysis of a Single Effect-Mechanical Vapor Compression (SE-MVC) system for purposes of brine volume minimization. The aim is to evaluate the performances as well as the capital and operating expenditures of the brine concentrator when being part of a near zero liquid discharge (near-ZLD) application. This is achieved by developing the thermodynamic and economic models of the system, which are then combined together in a single integrated procedure. Brackish water analysis is used as starting point for this work. Water properties are modeled using Pitzer’s equations as well as correlations found in the literature. The evaporator model provides the necessary input variables for the economic model. For a feed flow of 10.147 kgs and a heat duty of 18080 kW, the capital cost of equipment is 1119.7 key−1, while the operational expenses are 641.1 key−1. The total annualized cost of the process is 1760.8 key−
Combination of elementary processes to form a general energy system configuration
No full textThe fundamental challenge in the synthesis/design optimization of energy conversion systems is the definition of the system configuration and design parameters. The traditional way to operate in system engineering practice is to follow the previous experience, starting from design solutions that already exist. A more advanced strategy consists in the preliminary identification of a superstructure that should include all the possible solutions to the synthesis/design optimization problem, and in the selection of the system configuration starting from this superstructure through a design parameter optimization. This top-down approach cannot guarantee that all possible configurations could be predicted in advance and that all the configurations derived from the superstructure are really feasible. To solve the general problem of the synthesis/design of complex energy systems a new bottom-up methodology is proposed, based on the original idea that the fundamental nucleus in the construction of any energy system configuration is the elementary thermodynamic cycle (compression, heat transfer with the hot source, expansion, heat transfer with the cold source). So, any configuration can be built by generating, according to a rigorous set of rules, all the combinations of the elementary thermodynamic cycles operated by different working fluids that can be identified within the system, and selecting the best resulting configuration through an optimization procedure. In this paper a deep analysis of the major features of the methodology is presented to show, through different examples of applications, how an artificial intelligence is able to generate system configurations of various complexity using preset logical rules without any “ad hoc” expertise
Renewable refrigeration systems for food preservation in tropical countries
No full textFood spoilage represents an urgent issue in tropical developing countries because of the lack of correctly refrigerated post-harvest storage, transportation and distribution facilities. Thus, finding refrigeration systems for preserving food at the proper temperature using the available energy sources in an efficient and cost-effective way is crucial to avoid serious food illnesses. This paper aims at providing guidelines for the best choice of configuration and design parameters of refrigeration systems coupled with renewable conversion units in tropical areas using as case study the Republic of Cuba. To this end, flexible and detailed design and off-design models of compression and absorption refrigeration systems and renewable conversion units are built. The design of six refrigeration systems configurations are first optimized according to the maximization of the Coefficient Of Performance (COP), and considering three different food storage temperatures (8, 2 and -20°C). Fifty-four technically feasible integrations of the optimized refrigeration systems with the most widely available renewable energy sources (biomass, biogas, solar heat and photovoltaic) are then identified and simulated in a typical year of operation to evaluate energetic, exergetic and economic performance. A thermal storage or the connection with the electric grid is considered in the integrated solutions fueled by solar energy to guarantee a continuous operation. Results show that the PV-powered flash-intercooled compression system is the most efficient solution for each food storage temperature (annual average COP in the range 2.3-5.7) but it represents the most economically viable solution only for the highest food conservation temperature. At lower temperatures, the single-effect absorption cycle coupled with a bagasse-fired boiler shows lower costs because of the very low price of bagasse in tropical countries. On the other hand, all solutions including the half-effect absorption cycle result to be the less promising both in terms of COP and costs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Smart rules and thermal, electric and hydro storages for the optimum operation of a renewable energy system
No full textSmart energy systems are meant as groups of energy conversion units that fulfill the requirements of several users according to “smart rules”. This paper considers an existing energy system including various units fed by renewable sources which serve thermal and electric users in a mountain resort. The goal is to find smart rules to operate the system by identifying the best operating alternative among a complete set deriving from connection to or isolation from the electric grid, inclusion or exclusion of storage systems and/or by-pass in the heat recovery system of the CHP units. To this end, detailed design and off-design models of each alternative are first built using field data or data supplied by manufacturers. The operation of each alternative and the capacities of the thermal and electric storages are then optimized to obtain the maximum profit. Results show that both electric and thermal storage systems must be included when the system works in isolation from the grid, but the profit is negative. Conversely, when the system is connected to the grid, the best operation strategy is achieved by including a thermal storage, while the inclusion of the electric storage is disadvantageous
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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