186,523 research outputs found
[Salvatore and Emma Rebora (1916), funerary sculpture]
No full textFrom Berresford: Salvatore and Emma Rebora (1916), Giacinto Pasciutti, Cimitero di Stalieno, Genoa.Three women.Title from Berresford
Note statistiche. Curve di rischio istantaneo di morte : il loro ruolo nella decisione clinica del cardiologo
No full textNegli studi di lunga durata (follow-up) l’interesse del ricercatore è volto soprattutto a cogliere l’andamento nel tempo dell’accadimento delle morti. Questa nota statistica ha come oggetto i metodi dell’analisi della sopravvivenza, strumento di elezione per trattare questo tipo di dati. Si introducono qui la curva di sopravvivenza, la curva cumulativa di mortalità, la curva del rischio istantaneo di morte ed un pertinente indicatore di rischio relativo: l’hazard ratio. L’utilizzo di quest’ultimo è illustrato per mezzo della sperimentazione clinica controllata randomizzata TARGET
Timing of Familial Breast Cancer in Sisters
No full textBackground: Women who have had a first-degree relative diagnosed with breast cancer (ie, a positive family history) have a rate of breast cancer that is approximately twice that of all women their age, but it is unclear how they should perceive this risk at different ages or if they should be considered at higher risk for the remainder of their lifetime.
Methods: We used Swedish population–based data to assess the risk of breast cancer in 23654 sisters of women diagnosed with breast cancer and in 1 732 775 sisters of unaffected women from 1958 through 2001. Poisson models were used to express the rate of breast cancer as a function of current age, whether a woman had an affected sister, time since the first diagnosis in the family, and family size (number of sisters). The effect of the age of the index case (the first sister diagnosed in the family) at diagnosis and whether her "at-risk" sisters had achieved this age were examined in stratified analyses. Incidence rate ratios of breast cancer in exposed compared with unexposed sisters were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. All estimates were adjusted for calendar time.
Results: Sisters of breast cancer patients had higher breast cancer incidence than unexposed sisters at all ages. The association of exposure (ie, a diagnosis of breast cancer in a sister) with the risk of breast cancer was most pronounced in young women (age 20–39; incidence rate ratio = 6.64, 95% confidence interval = 4.66 to 9.48), and the relative risk decreased to approximately 2 in women older than 50 years. The risk associated with having a sister diagnosed with breast cancer was not modified substantially by the age of the index case at diagnosis (≤45 years vs >45 years). The risk was similar for women who were approaching the age at which the first sister was diagnosed in their family and those who had already attained it. The incidence rate ratio of breast cancer in exposed sisters compared with unexposed sisters was constant over time for all age categories of at-risk women.
Conclusions: Women who have a sister diagnosed with breast cancer have an increased risk of breast cancer throughout much of their lifetimes
Sample size for recurrent events data in non randomized studies with an historical control
No full textIn some exceptional circumstances, as in very rare diseases, non randomised trials with historical controls may be the only way to demonstrate efficacy and safety of a new treatment. The design of such studies needs a sound methodological approach in order to provide a good level of scientific evidence. To our knowledge, no attention has been given to the development of methods for sample size calculation for non randomized controlled trials (one treatment arm) where the end-point deals with recurrent events. In this context, guidelines for study design, including formulas for sample size, were only proposed for the typical scenario of randomized clinical trial (Bernardo and Harrington, 2001; Cook and Wei, 2003; Matsui, 2005). Here we propose an approach to power and sample size calculation for non randomised trials with historical controls that relies on simulation studies. Non parametric tests statistics will be considered, with the rate of events of the historical control as a reference. We will also develop an extension that accounts for paired comparisons in cases where information on pre-treatment event history of patients is available. Simulations will explore different models for the underlying event generation process (i.e. homogeneous, non homogeneous, mixed Poisson process) in order to evaluate the robustness of sample size calculation. The approach will be illustrated with a non randomized trial on experimental gene therapy in a very rare immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID), where a major end-point is the history of recurrent severe infections
Traduzioni, culture e pratiche dei femminismi tra Italia e USA: scambi transatlantici nei primi anni Settanta
No full textHistory/histoire e digital humanities. La nascita della storiografia letteraria italiana fuori d'Italia
No full textIl volume ricostruisce la nascita e l’evoluzione della storiografia letteraria italiana in Francia e in Inghilterra durante il XIX secolo. Nel contesto francese, una lettura comparata delle opere di P.-L. Ginguené e J.C.L. Simonde de Sismondi conferma come il soggetto avesse già raggiunto la sua maturità all’inizio del secolo. In Inghilterra, il percorso che conduce da U. Foscolo a J.A. Symonds attraversa invece molteplici generi e fonti, che includono raccolte di biografie, antologie di traduzioni, libri di viaggio, storie di singoli generi letterari, storie del Medioevo e del Rinascimento. Una software pipeline è testata e messa a punto al termine del percorso, con l’obiettivo di espandere l’analisi tramite gli strumenti computazionali delle Digital Humanities
Cutaneous mucinous angiomatosis as a presenting sign of bone plasmacytoma: a new case of (A)ESOP syndrome.
No full textSerological profiles as prognostic clues for progressive systemic scleroderma: the Italian experience
No full textNinety-one patients with progressive systemic sclerosis have been examined both clinically and serologically in order to have a better prognostic insight. Three main serological profiles have been isolated. The patients with anticentromere antibodies (ACA) represented one third of the cases, developed skin sclerosis rather later and rarely exhibited ankyloses and ulcerations. The esophagus was commonly involved while the lung, heart and kidneys were not. ACA-positive patients were not identified with the CREST syndrome, as the latter disclosed other profiles with the same frequency. Patients with anti-Scl-70 antibody represented one fourth of the cases and had the fastest progression, developing sclerosis in less than 5 years after the onset of Raynaud's phenomenon. Ankyloses and lung fibrosis, as well as joint, heart and kidney involvement, were found in most of them. Patients with anti-SSA/Ro antibodies were uncommon, but corresponded to a severe subset, having a fast progression and a constant involvement of the lung. Probably due to the rougher definition of their serology, patients with antinuclear, antispeckle-patterned and anti-Ku antibodies or without any detectable antibody could be defined less easily and corresponded to an intermediate position between ACA- and anti-Scl-70-positive patients. Though it is probably premature to trust it completely, a serological classification may provide the prognostic clues clinical classifications cannot
Note statistiche. A quali rischi espone i propri pazienti il cardiologo che accetta di partecipare ad una sperimentazione clinica senza un'approfondita riflessione sulle evidenze disponibili a priori?
No full textThe aim of this statistical note is to describe the results of the randomized controlled clinical trial TARGET, which compared the effect of tirofiban (new treatment) and abciximab (standard treatment) in patients who were expected to undergo coronary stenting. Primary aim of TARGET was to evaluate the non-inferiority of tirofiban with respect to abciximab, but it concluded in favor of superiority of the standard treatment. The authors of this study point out that a deep consideration regarding a priori available evidence could have avoided to expose 2398 patients randomized to tirofiban to the risk of death or non-fatal myocardial infarction
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