1,720,967 research outputs found
Available active surveillance follow-up protocols for small renal mass: a systematic review
Full text linkPurpose: To evaluate follow-up strategies for active surveillance of renal masses and to assess contemporary data. Methods: We performed a comprehensive search of electronic databases (Embase, Medline, and Cochrane). A systematic review of the follow-up protocols was carried out. A total of 20 studies were included. Result: Our analysis highlights that most of the series used different protocols of follow-up without consistent differences in the outcomes. Most common protocol consisted in imaging and clinical evaluation at 3, 6, and 12 months and yearly thereafter. Median length of follow-up was 42 months (range 1–137). Mean age was 74 years (range 67–83). Of 2243 patients 223 (10%) died during the follow-up and 19 patients died of kidney cancer (0.8%). The growth rate was the most used parameter to evaluate disease progression eventually triggering delayed intervention. Maximal axial diameter was the most common method to evaluate growth rate. CT scan is the most used, probably because it is usually more precise than kidney ultrasound and more accessible than MRI. Performing chest X-ray at every check does not seem to alter the clinical outcome during AS. Conclusion: The minimal cancer-specific mortality does not seem to correlate with the follow-up scheme. Outside of growth rate and initial size, imaging features to predict outcome of RCC during AS are limited. Active surveillance of SRM is a well-established treatment option. However, standardized follow-up protocols are lacking. Prospective, randomized, trials to evaluate the best follow-up strategies are pending
Salvage extracapsular re-implantation for penile prosthesis impending erosion
No full textAim of the study: Post-operative erosion of prosthesis components is an uncommon but devastating complication worth noting. Distal cylinder and scrotal pump erosion is usually related to infection but isolated erosion has been described in the literature. If the prosthetic
material is not exposed to the exterior, impending erosion is present. Patients complain of pain over the end of the cylinder and worry that it will wear through the skin. and the prosthesis components may be evident with physical examination and can be confirmed if necessary through magnetic resonance imaging. Distal cylindrical erosion through the corpus cavernosum with extrusion affecting the urethra, glans, or corporeal shaft can be managed through multiple methods. Options include reseating the cylinders and using fibrotic tissue to support the containment of the cylinders, utilization of alloplastic materials such as Gortex polytetrafluoroethylene polypropylene mesh to create a “windsock” or utilization of prefabricated autologous fascial grafts. Herein we describe the technique of salvage extracapsular re- implantation for penile prosthesis impending erosion with the use of a distal corporoplasty by reseating the cylinder in a new cavity of spongy erectile tissue more dorsal or lateral to the extrusion site.
Materials and methods: Circumcising incision is made and the distal corpora are exposed. A lateral longitudinal corporotomy of about 4 cm is made over the cylinder in the area of impending erosion and the inflatable cylinder is retracted proximally using a suture inserted through the hole in the end. At this point, the posterior wall of the fibrotic capsula containing the cylinder is incised transversely about 3–4 cm proximal to the glans. Subsequently The space is developed for a short distance by sharp dissection initially, then fully by inserting a metal dilator.In this manner a new cavity in the distal end of the corpus cavernosum is created. Using a Keith needle and introducer the inflatable cylinder is introduced into this new cavity. The corporotomy is closed using long-term absorbable suture. The cylinder is now secured in its proper location by 2 tough layers comprising the back wall of the original sheath and the corporotomy closure.
Results: Routine post-operative care is followed. This technique ensured that the cylinder remained in the newly created, appropriately positioned channel.
Discussion: We propose that, on salvage for implant distal extrusion or impending erosion, the replacement implant can be inserted into the cavernous tissue surrounding the capsule, between the capsule and tunica albuginea (extracapsular reimplantation), rather than intra- capsular. Using this technique, the cylinder can be replaced in a more medial and secure position under the glans penis by creating a new cavity for the cylinder behind the back wall of the fibrotic sheath Moreover, this may reduce contact between the replacement implan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Giorgio Nicolich, father of Urology in Trieste
No full textAim of the study: Until 1918 Trieste was part of the Habsburgic Empire. In this period the city was in full economic and demographic growth. In this context, among the medical and surgical society raised the figure of Giorgio Nicolich senior, brilliant surgeon and researcher. He was initially chief of the Surgical Division and gave birth lately to the Urological Division in 1887, in which he practiced until 1925, year of retirement and death.
Materials and methods: Giorgio Nicolich was born in Venice in 1852. He graduated in 1875 at the University of Padua, and became trainee of Tito Vanzetti (1809–1888), a surgeon particularly versed in urinary tract surgery and known for both routine surgical capacity and exceptional operations, that gave throughout his activity new and advanced boundaries to the uro-nephrology field. His activity was open to novelties like the use of radio needles for prostate cancer, the use of nephrectomy, mercurial care of the syphilis. After moving to Trieste, the year after his graduation, he entered the Trieste Civic Hospital as a secondary physician of the Division for chronic syphilitic and surgical diseases and became its chief in 1886. From 1887 he obtained the urological characterization of the Division, and the other surgical specialties were transferred to the pre-existing Surgical Division and to the new 10th Division. At the end of the Great War, in 1919 he became professor of Urology, retired in 1925, after an extension for merit of 5 years. In these last years he was joined by Carlo Ravasini, who succeeded him. Nicolich died in the same year. Results: He carried out a wide activity. He attended the Parisian school of Urology with Gujon and Albarran and, in 1921, he founded the Italian Society of Urology. He was an authority in the field of urology in the national and international landscape (he was a pupil in Vienna of Theodor Billroth) and was coauthor of the “Manual of Urology” and President of the Italian Society of Urology. He became also honorary member of the Urological Society of Berlin, of the Belgian Society and member of the Academy of Medicine of Constantinople. In 1924, the year before his death, he founded the Italian Archives of Urology. Discussion: Apart from his extraordinary ability as a surgeon, Giorgio Nicolich was a member of that small number of doctors born in Trieste or came to Trieste, who created a cohesive environment of remarkable level, between the various Divisions of the City Hospital. He is credited and reminded not only for have given life to the Urology of Trieste, but for have practiced avant-garde medicine and surgery, forming a new generation of specialist surgeons
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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