9 research outputs found
sought to explore the manner in which the Palestinian novelist (author), Deema Al-Samman,
No full textThis research has sought to explore the manner in which the Palestinian novelist (author), Deema Al-Samman, used elements of the religious, historical, literary and popular (folklore) heritage in her various novels. The researcher has conducted an artistic-analytic study aimed at clearly conceptualizing the degree to which the author had been influenced by the afore-mentioned types of heritage, and the extent of her interaction with the lived Palestinian reality through the various phases of its social, political and economic evolution, not to mention her interaction with the Palestinian national, patriotic strife experience of her time as well as what had been pin which I have not confined myself to any one given method, but have, instead, utilized a variety of critical approaches such as the descriptive, stylistic, psychoanalytic and historicist approaches. The research opens with an overview of the content of Al-Samman’s five novels (published between the years 1992-2006), with her Al Dele'a Al Mafqoud coming out first and Burj Al Laqlaq appearing last. In researching these novels, the study subsequently explores how the novelist made use of, and used, Islamic heritage including Qura’anic verses and Hadeeth, as well as Christian and Jewish heritages. The study, moreover, sheds light on and scrutinizes Al-Samman’s use of Arabic literature heritage, in verse and prose forms alike, and analyzes the novelist’s use of various categories of historical heritage including Palestinian, Arabian, Islamic and world histories. The research also studies in some detail the relevant repertoire of popular myth and folklore, with special attention being given to proverbs, common sayings, folk tales and other popular narratives. The present research has led to a number of major findings including, in first place, the conclusion that the novelist Deema Al-Samman’s works are greatly influenced by the Islamic religious heritage. This finding may easily be demonstrated by the fact that her use of Qura’anic verses and Hadeeth surpass all other types of heritage. In second place comes her use of poetic literary heritage, to be followed, in third place, by popular proverbs which are used in a direct, straightforward manner. In fourth, and last, place comes the clear use of the Palestinian historical heritage. One other major finding has revealed that Al-Samman’s world knowledge derives, for the most part, from what she had learned from her family and her community
Dialect in Theatre Translation into Arabic
No full textA Master of Arts Thesis in Translation and Interpreting (Arabic/English) Submitted to the College of Arts and Sciences by Deema Mohammed Al Khaili Entitled, "Dialect in Theatre Translation into Arabic," December 2006. Available are both Hard and Soft Copies of the Thesis.In this dissertation, the issue of theatre translation is discussed and the translation of dialect in literary works as a means of depicting identity is further examined. It is generally assumed that in translating a variety of language employed by the author in a piece of literature as a means of characterization or a social class marker, it is very likely that the end-text will be generalized and leveled-out. In this dissertation, this assumption is assessed closely. Chapter one introduces this dissertation and argues that in languages tending to be almost classless, such as Standard Arabic, the translator either completely ignores the use of dialect, translating into a unified pattern of language, or resorts to a particular variety of the language that is probably stigmatizing or distorted. In chapter two, this dissertation presents the relevant theoretical background to translation studies from Catford till the present. In chapter three, the paper presents different definitions given to the word 'dialect' and argues that the use of dialect can be marked and relates deeply to the social and professional status of the individual. This chapter also explores the relation between language and identity. It also illustrates that there are at least two types of dialect use: the functional (contextually-motivated) and the non-functional. In chapter four, this paper studies the struggle between standard Arabic and the dialect in literary contexts. It provides a brief history of the dialect of Quraysh which is widely believed to be the origin of classical Arabic. It also explores the other varieties that were available at that time suggesting that the translator of a text into Arabic which is originally composed of different functional dialects can always turn to one of those dialects depending on the social indications to be conveyed. In chapter five, the paper analyses one lengthy sample of the literary use of dialect in drama: an English play by George Bernard Shaw 'Pygmalion' translated into Arabic by Hussam S. Al Tamimi in the first version and by Gerges Al-Rashidi in the second. The two versions are compared and assessed. In the last chapter, the dissertation reasserts the importance of dialect in depicting literary characters, especially in drama, and the delicacy, subtlety and attention it requires from a vigilant translator.College of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Arabic and Translation StudiesMaster of Arts in English/Arabic/English Translation and Interpreting (MATI
Using Machine Learning to Predict Facies Associations from Wireline Logs for the Carboniferous in the Southern North Sea
No full textThe use of wireline facies associations can alleviate core data shortage during facies prediction by providing a more extensive input dataset. Wintershall has assigned wireline facies associations directly on cored and un-cored wells in the Carboniferous of the Sothern North Sea. Conducting facies prediction using these wireline facies associations as an input can help with tapping into the remaining exploration and development potential of the area. However, the accuracy of this input must be evaluated using core data before machine learning algorithms are applied. This was quantified as 71% for 9 cored wells, where the background floodplain and braided channel facies had the highest accuracies of 88% and 81% respectively, and the mouth bars and marine shales facies could not be adequately validated due to their insufficient core sampling. Consequently, when using wireline facies associations for training facies prediction algorithms, this input’s intrinsic uncertainty should be accounted for while examining the outputs, especially for facies that are not sufficiently validated by cores. Applying facies prediction with Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), showed that RNN can achieve the highest overall accuracy of 80.9%, due to the highest F1 scores for braided channel (0.88), point bars (0.60) and coal (0.53). The class imbalance problem is apparent for this dataset where the majority classes of background floodplain, braided channel, point bar and coal, are more predicted than the minority classes of crevasse splay sands, mouth bars, and marine shale. Applying RNN on the Westphalian A, B and C separately served as a form of imbalance correcting technique that increased the F1 scores of underrepresented facies. Future work can further refine the results by exploring imbalance correcting techniques through under-sampling the background floodplain and over-sampling the crevasse splay, mouth bar and marine shale facies.Applied Earth Science
Primary Hepatic Amyloidosis Associated with Multiple Myeloma Causing Acute Liver Failure: A Case Report
No full textPrimary amyloidosis is the most prevalent type of amyloidosis and is usually due to plasma cell dyscrasia. It more commonly presents with renal and cardiac involvement and, although the liver is frequently involved in primary amyloidosis, it rarely causes clinically apparent disease. The most common form of hepatic involvement is hepatomegaly and mild elevation of alkaline phosphatase. Diagnosis requires tissue biopsy that demonstrates positive staining for Congo red and treatment is ideally a combination of chemotherapy and hematopoietic cell transplantation. The prognosis of hepatic amyloidosis associated with liver failure is poor. Here, we report a fatal case of primary amyloidosis in the setting of multiple myeloma in a 54-year-old man who presented with acute liver failure
The Role of Dermoscopy in Rosacea Diagnosis. A Review of the Literature
No full textBackground. Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that manifests as persistent facial redness, papules, and pustules on the background of telangiectasia. Diagnosing it is often challenging because its symptoms overlap with skin conditions like seborrheic dermatitis and acne. Accurate diagnosis is important for effective management.
Aims. This review aims to assess the role of dermoscopy as a non-invasive diagnostic tool in improving the accuracy of rosacea diagnosis and its subtypes.
Materials and Methods. The review focuses on the characteristic follicular and vascular features detectable through dermoscopy and identifies key dermoscopic features of rosacea, such as polygonal vessels, follicular plugging, and Demodex mites. These findings were assessed in the context of differentiating between the various subtypes of rosacea, including papulopustular, erythematotelangiectatic, phymatous, and granulomatous.
Results. The review revealed that dermoscopy significantly enhances the diagnostic precision of rosacea by revealing specific vascular and follicular patterns that are otherwise difficult to detect through clinical observation alone—furthermore, dermoscopy aids in classifying rosacea into its specific subtypes. This improved diagnostic accuracy can lead to better clinical outcomes and more effective treatment monitoring for patients with rosacea
Clinical Characteristics of Autoimmune Hepatitis in a Middle Eastern Population: A Tertiary Care Center Experience
No full textAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease of uncertain cause, and its manifestations appear to vary by race and ethnicity. The literature on AIH in the Middle East, including Jordan, is scarce; therefore, this study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of AIH in an understudied population. This retrospective chart review study was conducted on AIH patients who presented to Jordan University Hospital over a seven-year period (2014–2020). Retrieved data included sociodemographics, liver function tests, autoimmune serologic markers, viral hepatitis serology, findings on liver biopsies, treatment regimens, post-therapy outcomes and treatment-related complications. The total number of AIH patients included in the study was 30, divided as follows: type 1 AIH (n = 17, 56.7%), type 2 AIH (n = 2, 6.7%), seronegative AIH (n = 9, 30.0%), and two patients who had AIH-primary biliary cirrhosis overlap syndrome (6.7%). The mean age at diagnosis was 44 years (standard deviation: 17 years), with a female predominance (n = 25, 83.3%). Acute presentation was seen among 18 patients (60.0%). Mild to moderate fibrosis (F1 and F2 on METAVIR scoring system) without cirrhosis was observed among patients who underwent liver biopsies (10/19, 52.6%). The majority of patients (73.3%) were initially treated with prednisone, with azathioprine combination in 16.7% of the patients. At 6 months post initial treatment, twenty patients (66.7%) achieved biochemical remission, four patients had incomplete response, two patients failed to improve (one died during the induction of remission period due to AIH-related complications), and four patients were lost to follow-up. This study provided an updated overview of AIH in Jordan. The results showed typical female predominance, and interestingly high rates of acute presentation and seronegative disease. Future longitudinal studies are recommended to address the nature and long-term prognosis of AIH in Jordan
The Impact of Color Vision Deficiency on the Capability of Ophthalmologists to Diagnose Benign and Malignant Choroidal Tumors
No full textBackground: Color vision deficiency (CVD) is an under-reported problem among medical personnel, and its impact is still not well characterized. We aim to assess the impact of CVD among ophthalmologists on the accuracy of diagnosing different benign and malignant choroidal lesions. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on ophthalmologists. We used a web-based survey to collect responses through professional ophthalmology society social media. The survey included a set of five images for normal fundus, choroidal nevus, circumscribed choroidal hemangioma, choroidal metastasis, and choroidal melanoma, wherein each image simulated the three main types of CVD: protanopia, deuteranopia, and tritanopia, in addition to a non-simulated image. Results: Forty-one participants were included, with a mean age of 40 (±9.2) years. They were 28 (68%) men and 13 (32%) women. Participants showed significantly low accuracy for definite diagnosis for circumscribed choroidal hemangioma, nevus, melanoma, and metastasis when the images simulated protanopia and deuteranopia, but not tritanopia. Nevertheless, participants maintained the capability to recognize the nature of the lesions for both simulated and non-simulated images if they were benign or malignant, thereby ensuring immediate referral for specialized care. The exception was with simulated choroidal nevi images, wherein participants incorrectly assigned simulated protanopia and deuteranopia nevi images to malignant lesions. Conclusion: Protanopia and deuteranopia affected the accuracy of diagnosing several choroidal lesions; however, ophthalmologists with those two simulated CVDs were still able to discriminate between benign and malignant tumors
SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity are associated with genetic variants affecting gene expression in a variety of tissues
No full textVariability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene), including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types. © 2021 The Author(s
