24 research outputs found
Depolarization and decreased surface expression of K+ channels contribute to NSAID-inhibition of intestinal restitution
No full textNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) contribute to gastrointestinal ulcer formation by inhibiting epithelial cell migration and mucosal restitution; however, the drug-affected signaling pathways are poorly defined. We investigated whether NSAID inhibition of intestinal epithelial migration is associated with depletion of intracellular polyamines, depolarization of membrane potential (Em) and altered surface expression of K+ channels. Epithelial cell migration in response to the wounding of confluent IEC-6 and IEC-Cdx2 monolayers was reduced by indomethacin (100μM), phenylbutazone (100μM) and NS-398 (100μM) but not by SC-560 (1μM). NSAID-inhibition of intestinal cell migration was not associated with depletion of intracellular polyamines. Treatment of IEC-6 and IEC-Cdx2 cells with indomethacin, phenylbutazone and NS-398 induced significant depolarization of Em, whereas treatment with SC-560 had no effect on Em. The Em of IEC-Cdx2 cells was: −38.5±1.8mV under control conditions; −35.9±1.6mV after treatment with SC-560; −18.8±1.2mV after treatment with indomethacin; and −23.7±1.4mV after treatment with NS-398. Whereas SC-560 had no significant effects on the total cellular expression of Kv1.4 channel protein, indomethacin and NS-398 decreased not only the total cellular expression of Kv1.4, but also the cell surface expression of both Kv1.4 and Kv1.6 channel subunits in IEC-Cdx2. Both Kv1.4 and Kv1.6 channel proteins were immunoprecipitated by Kv1.4 antibody from IEC-Cdx2 lysates, indicating that these subunits co-assemble to form heteromeric Kv channels. These results suggest that NSAID inhibition of epithelial cell migration is independent of polyamine-depletion, and is associated with depolarization of Em and decreased surface expression of heteromeric Kv1 channels.ID: S0006295207001931; M3: Article; Accession Number: S0006295207001931; Author: L.C. Freeman (b); Author: D.F. Narvaez (a); Author: A. McCoy (a); Author: F.B. von Stein (c); Author: S. Young (b); Author: K. Silver (a); Author: S. Ganta (b); Author: D. Koch (b); Author: R. Hunter (b); Author: R.F. Gilmour (c); Author: J.D. Lillich (a, ⁎); Affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Keyword: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Keyword: Intestinal epithelial cells; Keyword: Membrane potential; Keyword: Potassium channels; Number of Pages: 12; Language: English;Source type: Electronic(1)http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edselp&AN=S0006295207001931&site=eds-live&scope=sit
Implementation of prostate cancer planning through a model based on knowledge and multi-criteria optimization in a medium and high complexity public hospital in southwestern Colombian, 2023.
No full textilustraciones, diagramas, fotografíasEn el presente trabajo se presenta la implementación de la planeación de tratamiento de cáncer de próstata mediante un modelo basado en el conocimiento y optimización multicriterio. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de retrospectivo. La población de estudio fue constituida por registros de planes de tratamiento con radioterapia para pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de próstata, durante el periodo del 01 de enero de 2020 a hasta el 30 de junio de 2023, con un total de 170 registros. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se constituyeron 2 grupos: el primero formado por 140 registros, que fueron usados en el entrenamiento del modelo basado en el conocimiento, mientras los 30 registros restantes se definieron para realizar la validación del funcionamiento del modelo. La investigación se estableció en aras de determinar si los planes generados con el modelo basado en el conocimiento logran mejorar o mantener los criterios de calidad respecto al plan inicial. Para dar respuesta a dicha inquietud, inicialmente se planteó una descripción de variables demográficas (edad, estadio, dosis de prescripción, entre otras), y por otro lado se analizaron de forma independiente las variables que constituyen la categoría de calidad de planeación, entre las cuales se encuentran: estimación de los constraints para los órganos en riesgo, determinación del cumplimiento de estos criterios, evaluación de los índices de homogeneidad y conformidad, y análisis del índice gamma. De acuerdo con los resultados que se obtuvieron en el presente trabajo se logró observar que el modelo de planeación (RP+MCO) logró generar planes de alta calidad, obteniendo mejorías más notorias para algunos órganos, como bulbo peneano, cabezas femorales, médula y vejiga. Sin embargo, para el recto se obtienen métricas que incrementan (detrimento) respecto a los valores de los planes iniciales. Además, el mejoramiento de los planes se puede determinar a través de la puntuación global, con la que se logran categorizarlos como óptimos o aceptables. Al mejorar las métricas el modelo logra cambiar de categoría a cierta cantidad de planes, y en la etapa de validación se logra subir de nivel a 7 registros, representando una disminución de dosis en los órganos en riesgo y una mayor cobertura de los volúmenes objetivo. Por otra parte, se obtuvieron planes con altos índices de homogeneidad y conformidad (superando a los planes iniciales). Finalmente, en la evaluación de la calidad de planeación para los planes de validación se tuvo un cumplimiento del 100.0% de los índices de alta calidad. (Texto tomado de la fuente).This study presents the implementation of prostate cancer treatment planning using a model of knowledge-based multicriteria optimization. This is a retrospective descriptive study. The study population was constituted by registers of radiotherapy treatment plans for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, during the period from January 01, 2020 to June 30, 2023, with a total of 170 registers. To develop the study, 2 groups were constituted: the first consisted of 140 records, which were used in the training of the knowledge-based model, while the remaining 30 records were defined to perform the validation of the model's performance. The research was established in order to determine whether the plans generated with the knowledge-based model manage to improve or maintain the quality criteria with respect to the initial plan. In order to respond to this concern, a description of demographic variables (age, stage, prescription dose, among others) was initially proposed, and on the other hand, the variables that constitute the planning quality category were analyzed independently, among which are: estimation of the constraints for the organs at risk, determination of compliance with these criteria, evaluation of the homogeneity and conformity indexes, and analysis of the gamma index. According to the results obtained in this study, it was observed that the planning model (RP+MCO) was able to generate high quality plans, obtaining more significant improvements for some organs, such as the penile bulb, femoral heads, spinal cord and bladder. However, for the rectum, metrics are obtained that increase (detriment) with respect to the values of the initial plans. Additionally, the improvement of the plans can be determined through the global score, with which they can be categorized as optimal or acceptable. By improving the metrics, the model is able to change the category of a number of plans, and in the validation stage it is possible to increase the level to 7 records, representing a decrease in doses in the organs at risk and a greater coverage of the target volumes. On the other hand, plans with high homogeneity and conformity indexes were obtained (surpassing the initial plans). Finally, in the evaluation of the quality of planning for the validation plans, there was 100.0% compliance with the high-quality indexes.MaestríaMagíster en Física MédicaRadioterapi
Intraseasonal variation in southeast Pacific blue whale acoustic presence, zooplankton backscatter, and oceanographic variables on a feeding ground in Northern Chilean Patagonia
No full text© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Buchan, S. J., Perez-Santos, I., Narvaez, D., Castro, L., Stafford, K. M., Baumgartner, M. F., Valle-Levinson, A., Montero, P., Gutierrez, L., Rojas, C., Daneri, G., & Neira, S. Intraseasonal variation in southeast Pacific blue whale acoustic presence, zooplankton backscatter, and oceanographic variables on a feeding ground in Northern Chilean Patagonia. Progress in Oceanography, 199,(2021): 102709, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102709.Seasonal variation in the acoustic presence of blue whale calls has been widely reported for feeding grounds worldwide, however variation over the submonthly scale (several days to <1 month) has been examined to a much lesser extent. This study combines passive acoustic, hydroacoustic, and in situ oceanographic observations collected at a mooring in the Corcovado Gulf, Northern Chilean Patagonia, from January 2016-February 2017, to examine the temporal variation in blue whale acoustic occurrence and prey backscatter over seasonal and submonthly scales. Time series data for a) Southeast Pacific blue whale song calls and D-calls, b) zooplankton backscatter, c) tidal amplitude, and d) meridional and zonal wind stress were examined visually for seasonal trends. To examine submonthly timescales over the summer feeding season (January-June), wavelet transforms and wavelet coherence were applied; generalized linear models (GLM) were also applied. There was a 3-month lag between the seasonal onsets of high zooplankton backscatter (October) and blue whale acoustic presence (January), and an almost immediate drop in blue whale acoustic presence with the seasonal decrease of backscatter (June). This may be due to the use of memory by animals when timing their arrival on the feeding ground, but the timing of their departure may be related to detection of low prey availability. Over the summer feeding season, blue whale acoustic presence was strongly associated with zooplankton backscatter (GLM coefficient p ≪ 0.0001). Song calls followed a seasonal cycle, but D-calls appeared to respond to short term variations in environmental conditions over submonthly scales. Results suggest that spring tides may increase prey aggregation and/or transport into the Corcovado Gulf, leading to increased blue whale acoustic presence over 15-day or 30-day cycles; and short-lived events of increased wind stress with periodicities of 2–8 days and 16–30 days, may also contribute to the aggregation of prey. We discuss the strengths and limitations of coupling passive and active acoustic data to examine drivers of blue whale distribution.Financial support was provided by Centro COPAS Sur-Austral ANID AFB170006 and COPAS Coastal FB10021 https://www.anid.cl/, and Office of Naval Research Global and Office of Naval Research grant N00014-17-1-2606
Simultaneous Correlative Scanning Electron and High-NA Fluorescence Microscopy
No full textCorrelative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is a unique method for investigating biological structure-function relations. With CLEM protein distributions visualized in fluorescence can be mapped onto the cellular ultrastructure measured with electron microscopy. Widespread application of correlative microscopy is hampered by elaborate experimental procedures related foremost to retrieving regions of interest in both modalities and/or compromises in integrated approaches. We present a novel approach to correlative microscopy, in which a high numerical aperture epifluorescence microscope and a scanning electron microscope illuminate the same area of a sample at the same time. This removes the need for retrieval of regions of interest leading to a drastic reduction of inspection times and the possibility for quantitative investigations of large areas and datasets with correlative microscopy. We demonstrate Simultaneous CLEM (SCLEM) analyzing cell-cell connections and membrane protrusions in whole uncoated colon adenocarcinoma cell line cells stained for actin and cortactin with AlexaFluor488. SCLEM imaging of coverglass-mounted tissue sections with both electron-dense and fluorescence staining is also shown.IST/Imaging Science and TechnologyApplied Science
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral load and duration of symptoms before hospital admission on the mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.Purpose: Assess the impact of viral load estimated by cycle threshold (Ct) of reverse transcription real time-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and the days from symptoms onset on mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID19. Methods: Retrospective observational study of 782 patients with a positive rRT-PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab was performed within the first 24 h from admission. Demographic data, clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters were collected. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with mortality at 60 days. Results: Ct was divided into three groups and the mortality rate decreased from 27.3 to 20.7% and 9.8% for Ct values of ≤ 20, 21–25 and > 25, respectively (P = 0.0001). The multivariate analysis identified as predictors of mortality, a Ct value 25. Days from symptoms onset is a variable associated with mortality as well (DSOA) ≤ 6 (OR 1.86, CI 95% 1.00–3.46), among other factors. Patients requiring hospital admission within 6 DSOA with a Ct value ≤ 25 had the highest mortality rate (28%). Conclusions: The inclusion of Ct values and DSOA in the characterization of study populations could be a useful tool to evaluate the efficacy of antivirals.“This work has been financed by funds for research ad hoc COVID-19 from citizens and organizations patronage to Hospital Clínic de Barcelona-Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica ”. Hospital Clinic of Barcelona COVID-19 Research Group: Infectious Diseases’ Research Group: Blanco JL, Mallolas J, Martínez E, Martínez M, Miró JM, Moreno A, Del Rio A, Solá M, Torres M, Ugarte A, Cozar-Lladó A, Linares L and all the staff members. Medical Intensive Care Unit: Tellez A, Fernandez S, Nicolas JM and all the staff members. Department of International Health: Campubri D, de Alba MT, Fernandez M, Ferrer E, Grau B, Marti H, Muelas M, Pinazo MJ, Rodriguez N, Roldan M, Subira C, Vera I, Williams N, Almuedo-Riera A and all the staff members. Department of Internal Medicine: Aldea A, Camafort M, Calvo J, Capdevila A, Cardellach F, Carbonell I, Coloma E, Foncillas A, Estruch R, Feliu M, Fernández-Solá J, Fuertes I, Gabara C, Grafia I, Ladino A, López-Alfaro R, López-Soto A, Masanés F, Matas A, Navarro M, Marco-Hernández J, Miguel L, Milisenda JC, Moreno P, Naval J, Nicolás D, Oberoi H, Padrosa J, Prieto-González S, Pellicé M, Ribot J, Rodríguez-Núnez O, Sacanella E, Seguí F, Sierra C, Tomé A, Torres M, Ventosa H, Zamora-Martínez C, and all the staff members. Department of Microbiology: Almela M, Alvarez M, Bosch J, Costa J, Cuesta G, Fidalgo B, Gonzàlez J, Marco F, Narvaez S, Pitart C, Rubio E, Vergara A, Valls ME, Zboromyrska Y Casals C, Mosquera M and all the staff members. Department of Pharmacy: López E, Tuset M and all the staff members. “This work has been financed by funds for research ad hoc COVID-19 from citizens and organizations patronage to Hospital Clínic de Barcelona-Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica”.Peer reviewe
Topologías para la Interconexión de Baterías y Supercondensadores en Microrredes de Tipo Residencial con Generación Intermitente
No full textContext:This paper presents a comparative study of the performance of three topologies for interconnecting Lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors in a hybrid energy storage system for use in electric residential microgrids with intermittent generation. The hybrid system’s main purpose is to prolong battery life, using the supercapacitor to handle the dynamic component of current from a pulsed current load. This work builds upon a preliminary simulation-based study, in which two semi-active topologies were compared and evaluated. Here, we add an active topology to the study and describe the operational benefits of each topology.
Method:For every topology in this study, a non-isolated half-bridge bidirectional DC converter was used, and a proportional–integral (PI) double-loop linear ACC control algorithm was designed for controlling the converters. In the active topology an additional optimisation-based real-time frequencydecoupling control strategy was employed.
Results:A parallel active topology allows better management of stored energy in the SC by supporting variation of SC terminal voltages with a DC converter as interface to the DC bus.
Conclusions: Semi-active topologies are easier to design and control, but the operational benefits of supercapacitors require voltage variation at the terminals. This variation is made possible with an active topology.
Acknowledgements: First author thanks Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos´e de Caldas for the financial support in his doctoral studies through the study commission contract N° 000101-2016.Contexto: Este art´ıculo presenta un estudio mediante simulaci´on del comportamiento de tres topolog´ıas para la interconexi´on de bater´ıas y supercondensadores en un sistema h´ıbrido de almacenamiento de energ´ıa con potencial aplicaci´on a microrredes el´ectricas residenciales. El estudio se basa en una comparaci´on preliminar de dos topolog´ıas semi-activas hecha por los autores. En este art´ıculo se a˜nade una topolog´ıa activa al estudio comparativo.
Método: En cada una de las topolog´ıas del presente estudio se ha usado un convertidor DC bidireccional de medio puente y como estrategia de control b´asica se us´o un control de corriente promedio de doble lazo. Para la topolog´ıa activa se utiliz´o una estrategia de control adicional para el desacople de las componentes din´amicas y promedio de la carga o generaci´on pulsante.
Resultados:La topolog´ıa activa permite utilizar mejor la energ´ıa almacenada en el condensador, gracias a la posibilidad de variar la tensi´on en sus terminales.
Conclusiones:El dise˜no y control de las topolog´ıas semi-activas resulta mucho m´as sencillo que el de la topolog´ıa activa en paralelo. No obstante, para aprovechar la capacidad de almacenamiento del supercondensador, la tensi´on entre sus terminales debe tener una variaci´on importante, lo que se puede conseguir con la topolog´ıa activa.
Agradecimientos: El Autor principal agradece a la Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos´e de Caldas por el apoyo financiero en sus estudios de doctorado a trav´es del contrato de comisi´on de estudios N° 000101-2016
Clinical Presentation and Outcome of COVID-19 in a Latin American Versus Spanish Population: Matched Case-Control Study
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Introduction: Increased mortality has been reported in the Latin American population. The objective is to compare the clinical characteristics and outcome of Latin American and Spanish populations in a cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first year of the pandemic. Methods: We retrospectively analysed all the Latin American patients (born in South or Central America) hospitalized in our centre from February 2020 to February 2021 and compared them with an age- and gender-matched group of Spanish subjects. Variables included were demographics, co-morbidities, clinical and analytical parameters at admission and treatment received. The primary outcomes were ICU admission and mortality at 60 days. A conditional regression analysis was performed to evaluate the independent baseline predictors of both outcomes. Results: From the 3216 patients in the whole cohort, 216 pairs of case-controls (Latin American and Spanish patients, respectively) with same age and gender were analysed. COPD was more frequent in the Spanish group, while HIV was more prevalent in the Latin American group. Other co-morbidities showed no significant difference. Both groups presented with similar numbers of days from symptom onset, but the Latin American population had a higher respiratory rate (21 vs. 20 bpm, P = 0.041), CRP (9.13 vs. 6.22 mg/dl, P = 0.001), ferritin (571 vs. 383 ng/ml, P = 0.012) and procalcitonin (0.10 vs. 0.07 ng/ml, P = 0.020) at admission and lower cycle threshold of PCR (27 vs. 28.8, P = 0.045). While ICU admission and IVM were higher in the Latin American group (17.1% vs. 13% and 9.7% vs. 5.1%, respectively), this was not statistically significant. Latin American patients received remdesivir and anti-inflammatory therapies more often, and no difference in the 60-day mortality rate was found (3.2% for both groups). Conclusion: Latin American patients with COVID-19 have more severe disease than Spanish patients, requiring ICU admission, antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapies more frequently. However, the mortality rate was similar in both groups.This work was financed by ad hoc patronage funds for research on COVID-19 from donations from citizens and organizations to the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona-Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain. No funding or sponsorship was received for the publication of this article. All named authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship for this article, take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, and have given their approval for this version to be published. Rodrigo Alonso and Ana M. Camon both were responsible for reviewing the data, and they prepared the database including the matching analysis as well as a first draft of the article. Celia Cardozo, Laia Albiach, Daiana Agüero, M. Angeles Marcos, Juan Ambrosioni, Marta Bodro, Mariana Chumbita, Lorena de la Mora, Nicole Garcia-Pouton, Gerard Dueñas, Marta Hernandez-Meneses, Alexy Inciarte, Genoveva Cuesta, Fernanda Meira, and Laura Morata made significant contributions to the manuscript. Pedro Puerta-Accalde, Sabina Herrera, and Gemma Sanjuan performed the statistical analysis and made significant contributions to the final manuscript. Montse Tuset, Pedro Castro, Sergio Prieto-Gonzalez, Josep Mensa, and José Antonio Martínez collaborated on the design of the study and critically reviewed the article. J.M. Nicolas, A. Del Rio, Jordi Vila, Felipe Garcia, Carolina Garcia-Vidal, and Alex Soriano were responsible for the design of the study and made significant contributions to the final version of the article. Alex Soriano, as the corresponding author, answered the reviewers' questions. Hospital Clinic of Barcelona COVID-19 Research Group: Infectious Diseases’ Research Group : J. L. Blanco, J. Mallolas, E. Martínez, M. Martínez, J. M. Miró, A. Moreno, M. Solá, A. Ugarte, Ana Gonzalez-Cordón, Montse Laguno, Lorna Leal, John Rojas, Berta Torres, and all the staff members. Medical Intensive Care Unit : S. Fernandez, A. Tellez, F. Fuentes, E. Sancho, M. Ayala. Department of International Health : D. Campubri, M. T. de Alba, M. Fernandez, E. Ferrer, B. Grau, H. Marti, M. Muelas, M. J. Pinazo, N. Rodriguez, M. Roldan, C. Subira, I. Vera, N. Williams, A. Almuedo-Riera, J. Muñoz, and all the staff members. Department of Internal Medicine : A. Aldea, M. Camafort, J. Calvo, A. Capdevila, F. Cardellach, I. Carbonell, E. Coloma, A. Foncillas, R. Estruch, M. Feliu, J. Fernández-Solá, I. Fuertes, C. Gabara, I. Grafia, A. Ladino, R. López-Alfaro, A. López-Soto, I. Macaya, F. Masanés, A. Matas, M. Navarro, J. Marco-Hernández, L. Miguel, J. C. Milisenda, P. Moreno, J. Naval, D. Nicolás, H. Oberoi, J. Padrosa, S. Prieto-González, M. Pellicé, J. Ribot, O. Rodríguez-Núnez, E. Sacanella, F. Seguí, C. Sierra, A. Tomé, M. Torres, H. Ventosa, C. Zamora-Martínez, and all the staff members. Department of Microbiology : M. Almela, M. Alvarez, J. Bosch, J. Costa, G. Cuesta, B. Fidalgo, J. Gonzàlez, F. Marco, S. Narvaez, C. Pitart, E. Rubio, A. Vergara, M. E. Valls, Y. Zboromyrska and all the staff members. Department of Farmacy : E. López, and all the staff members. Carol García-Vidal has received honoraria for talks on behalf of Gilead Science, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Jannsen, and Lilly, as well as a grant from Gilead Science and MSD. Laura Morata has received honoraria for talks on behalf of Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer and Angelini. Pedro Puerta-Alcalde has received honoraria for talks on behalf of Gilead Science and MSD. Montse Tuset has received grants from Janssen, Gilead, ViiV and Merck Sharp and Dohme. Josep Mensa has received honoraria for talks on behalf of Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer, Novartis and Angelini. Álex Soriano has received honoraria for talks on behalf of Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer, Novartis, Gilead, Menarini and Angelini as well as grant support from Pfizer and Gilead. Rodrigo Alonso, Ana M Camón, Celia Cardozo, Laia Albiach, Daiana Agüero, M Ángeles Marcos, Juan Ambrosioni, Marta Bodro, Mariana Chumbita, Lorena de la Mora, Nicole García-Pouton, Gerard Dueñas, Marta Hernández-Meneses, Alexy Inciarte, Genoveva Cuesta, Fernanda Meira, Sabina Herrera, Pedro Castro, Sergio Prieto-González, Jose Antonio Martínez, Gemma Sanjuan, Josep María Nicolás, Ana del Río, Jordi Vila and Felipe García have nothing to disclose. The Institutional Ethics Committee of Hospital Clinic of Barcelona approved the study and, due to the nature of the retrospective data review, waived the need for informed consent from individual patients (HCB/2020/0273). The study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, and its later amendments. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Peer reviewe
Análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica de México en ciencias agricolas a través de las bases de datos internacionales, "Agricola", "Agris", "Cab Abstracts", "Science Citation Index", "Social Science Citation Index" y "Tropag & Rural", en el periodo 1983-2002
No full textEn este trabajo de investigación se caracteriza la producción científica mexicana en el área de las Ciencias Agrícolas, utilizando para ello indicadores bibliométricos unidimensionales y multidimensionales de actividad científica, mediante los cuales se analiza por un lado la producción obtenida en las bases de datos: Agricola, Agris, Cab Abstracts, Tropag & Rural, Science Citation Index (SCI) y Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), y por el otro, la producción indexada solamente en las bases de datos generales SCI y SSCI. Los indicadores que se utilizan permiten caracterizar: La evolución temporal de la producción de artículos de revistas; la aportación por áreas temáticas, entidades federativas o estados de México, sectores institucionales e instituciones individuales; los idiomas en que se publican los artículos; la visibilidad de las publicaciones periódicas en que se publican los artículos; la colaboración entre autores, los índices de coautoría, los autores más productivos, los distintos patrones de colaboración entre instituciones tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, así como su evolución durante el período de estudio y por áreas temáticas. Se encontró que la producción científica durante el período de estudio ascendió a 15.736 artículos de revistas, en tanto que la producción en revistas en las bases de datos SCI y SSCI fue de 5.942 artículos, que corresponde a 37,76% del encontrado en las revistas nacionales e internacionales. Según SCI y SSCI, las materias en las que se publicaron más artículos fueron Ciencias de las Plantas, (21,42%), Agronomía (10,55%), Entomología (9,02%), y Agricultura (7,27%), que en conjunto publicaron el 48,27% de los artículos. El Distrito Federal y el Estado de México publicaron más de la mitad de los artículos lo cual muestra una gran concentración de la investigación en estas dos entidades, en tanto que las entidades que menos publicaron fueron Tlaxcala, Hidalgo, Nayarit, Tabasco, y Campeche. Los tipos de instituciones que más publicaron fueron las Universidades públicas y los Institutos o Centros de Investigación, siendo las instituciones que más publicaron la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, el Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo, el Colegio de Postgraduados en Ciencias Agrícolas y el Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Los idiomas en que se publicaron más artículos de revistas fueron el inglés (62,33%), tasa que subió a 96,53% en revistas de corriente principal, y el español (37,89%), tasa que bajó a 2,93% en revistas de corriente principal. La tasa media de artículos firmados en coautoría fue de 87,62%, misma que subió a 92,26 %, en el caso de las revistas de corriente principal. El índice de coautoría en 2002 fue de 4,08, casi similar al observado con los datos obtenidos de las revistas de corriente principal (4,18). Los índices de coautoría más altos lo tuvieron: Ciencias Veterinarias (4,22), y Ciencias de los Alimentos (3,97), en cambio los índices más bajos los presentaron: Ecología (2,87) y Zoología (2,9). El tipo de colaboración más alta fue la intrainstitucional (media de 70,48%), seguida de Internacional (media de 45,51%), Intraestatal (media de 17,78%), y la interestatal (media de 13,22%). La colaboración que mostró mayor crecimiento fue la intrainstitucional. Las materias en las que hubo mayor colaboración fueron: Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (97,28%), y Biotecnología y Microbiología Aplicadas (97,24%). La menor colaboración se observó en: Entomología (87,13%), y Ecología (90,06%).____________________________________________
In this research the Mexican scientific production in the area of Agricultural Sciences is characterized, using for this, unidimensional and multidimensional bibliometric indicators of scientific activity, through these the production obtained in several databases is analyzed by a side: Agricola, Agris, Cab Abstracts, Tropag & Rural, Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and by the other, the production indexed only in the databases SCI and SSCI. The indicators that are used allow to characterize: The temporary evolution of the articles production of scientific journals; the national contribution by subject areas, states of Mexico, types of institutions and individual institutions; the languages in which the articles are published; the visibility of the scientific journals in which the articles are published; the collaboration between authors, the most productive authors, as well as the different collaboration patterns between institutions, at national and international level, the evolution of the collaboration during the period of study, and by thematic areas. We found that the scientific production during the period of study ascended to 15,736 journal articles, whereas the production in journals in the databases SCI and SSCI were of 5,942 articles that correspond to 37.76% of the found one in the national and international journals (all the databases used). According to SCI and SSCI, the subject areas in which more articles were published were Plant Sciences, (21,42%), Agronomy (10,55%), Entomology (9,02%), and Agriculture (7,27%), that altogether published 48,27% of articles. Both, the Federal District and the State of Mexico published more than half of articles, this shows a great concentration of the scientific research in these two states, whereas the states that less published were Tlaxcala, Hidalgo, Nayarit, Tabasco, and Campeche. The types of institutions that published more articles were the Public Universities and the Institutes or Research Centers, being the institutions that more published the National Autonomous University of Mexico, the National Institute for Forest, Agriculture and Livestock Research, the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, the Postgraduate College in Agricultural Sciences and the Centre for Advanced Studies and Research of the National Polytechnical Institute. The languages in which more articles of journals were published were the English (62,33%), rate that rose to 96,53% in main current journals, and the Spanish (37,89%), rate that lowered to 2,93% in main current journals. The average rate of articles signed in coauthorship was of 87,62%, same that rose 92,26 %, in the case of the main current journals. The coauthorship index in 2002 was of 4,08, almost similar to the observed one with the collected data of the main current journals (4,18). The higher coauthorship indexes were found in: Veterinary Sciences (4,22), and Food Science and Technology (3,97). The lowest coauthorship indexes were presented by: Ecology (2,87) and Zoology (2,9). The type of higher collaboration was the intrainstitutional one (average of 70,48%), followed by the International (average of 45,51%), Intrastate (average of 17,78%), and the interstate one (average of 13,22%). The collaboration that showed greater growth was the intrainstitutional one. The subject areas in which there was greater collaboration were: Food Science and Technology (97,28%), and Biotechnology and Microbiology (97,24%). The smaller collaboration was observed in: Entomology (87,13%), and Ecology (90,06%). According to the perception of the collaboration, the strongest collaborations occurred in institutions dedicated
completely to the investigation in Agricultural Sciences like the Postgraduate College in Agricultural Sciences, the National Institute for Forest, Agriculture and Livestock Research, the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, and the ''Antonio Narro'' Autonomous Agricultural University. In the collaboration between the states we perceived the formation of groups of states geographically together in several regions of the country, like the ones of the Federal District with Morelos and the State of Mexico, Querétaro with Guanajuato, Sonora with Baja California Sur and Coahuila with Nuevo León. The highest international collaboration was with the United States of America (55,55%), followed by France (8,5%), and the United Kingdom (7,15%). The countries of Center, South America and the Caribbean with which there was more collaboration were: Argentina (2,58%), and Brazil (2,38%). By thematic areas, it was with the United States the country with which Mexico collaborated the most; being the highest percentage in Zoology, Environmental Sciences, and Entomology; whereas, Applied Biotechnology and Microbiology were the subject areas in which it was less collaborated. One concludes that the bibliometric techniques assisted by statistical techniques, as the Correspondence Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling, showed to be very useful to “discover” characteristics of the Mexican scientific production in Agricultural Sciences, that by other means would not be possible to know
Narrating Identity: Career Soldiers Anticipating Exit from the British Army
No full textCareer soldiers exiting the British Army undergo routine “resettlement” processes to tackle their adjustment into civilian employment. This is a transition made by thousands of leavers each year, but little is known about how coming out of the Army is individually experienced and understood, or what processes of change take place. This thesis provides a qualitative analysis of interviews with 28 (male and female) soldiers and officers who are approaching exit after lengthy careers. In particular, it foregrounds the concept of identity to investigate how such leavers narrate past service and anticipated futures beyond Army relations. The leavers continue to work in all parts of the Army and range in rank from Corporal to Colonel, with service of between 10 and 34 years. Some are leaving early for other ventures; some for medical reasons; and others, because the Army no longer accords. Most, however, are realising scheduled and pensionable endings. With reference to George Herbert Mead (1934; 1959) and Paul Ricoeur (1992) the research applies an inter-subjective conception of identity as forever a “becoming” rooted in social relations. By adopting this approach the thesis explores both gradual and dramatic processes of identity (re)construction and brings into some focus precarious and contingent aspects of identity, suggestive of vulnerability both as a kind of occupational hazard and as an inherent feature of identities-of-becoming
