81 research outputs found
Soil organic horizon characterization via advanced proximal sensors
No full textThe organic fraction of soils is critically important to soil health and optimal ecosystem functioning. Traditional analysis of soil organic horizons (O horizons) has been dependent upon laboratory-based instrumentation. Simultaneously, the use of proximal sensors such as portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometry along with visible near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (VisNIR DRS) has gained popularity for providing rapidly acquired spectral and elemental data useful for soil physicochemical property quantification. However, PXRF and VisNIR DRS have mostly been applied to the assessment of mineral soils. This preliminary study evaluated 136 organic laden soil samples (most aptly described as upland, non-saturated O horizons) using both laboratory based instrumentation (CN analyzer) and proximal sensors to evaluate total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN). Results revealed that combining model outcomes using model fusion improved TC and TN prediction accuracies relative to using an individual instrument (PXRF or VisNIR DRS) or model averaging with improvements in root mean square error (RMSE) on the order of 10–47% and 10–67% for TC and TN, respectively. Partial least squares+random forest (PLS+RF) approaches emerged as the best model for predicting both TC and TN in organic laden soil samples. These results suggest that the strong predictive applications of proximal sensors extensively documented on mineral soils, may show similar promise for determination of a wide number of physicochemical properties on organic soil matrices, yet further exploration with a larger and more diverse dataset is recommended
Facilitating user understanding of optimizations : a case study of channel route network planning
No full textThesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-146) and index.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.As more complex and important tasks become automated, the human-system interface is becoming more prominent. It is necessary for users to trust the systems performing these tasks; otherwise, they are unlikely to use the system. Automated planning is one such task. An integral part of planning systems using an Operations Research approach is the use of optimization techniques to create plans. In problems of realistic size, the solution process of the optimization is too complex to follow in detail, so it is not possible for the user to evaluate the effectiveness of the solution. For instance, the Channel Route Network Planning System uses an optimization to create plans for the shipment of cargo between military bases around the world. Although it chooses the optimal plan for a given set of inputs, its users could plan more effectively if they better understood the underlying decision space of its optimization and had ready access to the details of the plans it generates. This thesis presents ChRIS, the Channel Route Information System. ChRIS is designed to enable users to gain insight into plans developed by results of the Channel Route Network Planning System. It helps users understand the internal structure of the individual plans and illustrates the differences between multiple plans, thereby helping users to understand the optimization, which we believe will engender trust in the system's choice of optimal plans.by Deb Prasad Dasgupta.M.Eng
Synthesis, structural elucidation and larvicidal activity of novel arylhydrazones
No full textThe present study focuses on a series of novel hydrazones of 2- [3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carbohydrazide (5a-l) for their larvicidal activity against Anopheles arabiensis. The synthesis of the title compounds was achieved by the conventional reflux method, and structures of the novel compounds were ascertained by FT-IR, NMR (1H &13C), LC-MS, and elemental analysis. Compound (5l) was studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction for intra and intermolecular interactions. Title compounds (E)-2-(3-cyano-4-isobutoxyphenyl)-N'-(4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzylidene)-4-methylthiazole-5-carbohydrazide (5a) and (E)-N'-(4-Chlorobenzylidene)-2-(3-cyano-4-isobutoxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carbohydrazide (5g) emerged as promising larvicidal agents against Anopheles arabiensis.Fil: Nefisath, P.. Mangalore University; India. Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College (autonomous); IndiaFil: Dasappa, Jagadeesh Prasad. Mangalore University; IndiaFil: Haripriya, B.. Indian Institute Of Science Education And Research Bhopal; IndiaFil: Chopra, Deepak. Indian Institute Of Science Education And Research Bhopal; IndiaFil: Venugopala, Katharigatta N.. Durban University Of Technology; Sudáfrica. King Faisal University; Arabia SauditaFil: Deb, Pran Kishore. Philadelphia University Jordan; JordaniaFil: Gleiser, Raquel M.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Mohanlall, Viresh. Durban University Of Technology; SudáfricaFil: Maharaj, Rajendra. South African Medical Research Council; SudáfricaFil: Shashiprabha, S.. Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College (autonomous); IndiaFil: Poojary, Vishwanatha. Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College (autonomous); Indi
Synthesis, characterization and larvicidal activity of novel benzylidene derivatives of fenobam and its thio analogues with crystal insight
No full textA series of novel benzylidene derivatives of fenobam (6a-p) and its thio analogues (7a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their larvicidal activity against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C), LC-MS, spectral studies, and elemental analysis. Selected compounds from this series were further studied by the single-crystal X-ray method to establish the molecular conformation and investigate the presence of various intra- and intermolecular interactions. The larvicidal activity of these test compounds (6a-p and 7a-f) was analyzed following WHO guidelines. Compounds 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-{(2E,5Z)-1-methyl-5-[(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methylidene]-4-oxoimidazolidin-2-ylidene}thiourea (7e), 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[(2E,5Z)-1-methyl-5-{[5-(2-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene}-4-oxoimidazolidin-2-ylidene]thiourea (7f) and 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[(2E,5Z)-1-methyl-5-{[5-(2-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene}-4-oxoimidazolidin-2-ylidene]urea (6l) emerged as promising larvicidal agents exhibiting 85 to 92% larval mortality.Fil: Nefisath, P.. Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College (autonomous); India. Mangalore University; IndiaFil: Prasad Dasappa, Jagadeesh. Mangalore University; IndiaFil: Haripriya, B.. Indian Institute Of Science Education And Research Bhopal; IndiaFil: Chopra, Deepak. Indian Institute Of Science Education And Research Bhopal; IndiaFil: Venugopala, Katharigatta N.. King Faisal University; Arabia Saudita. Durban University Of Technology; SudáfricaFil: Deb, Pran Kishore. Philadelphia University Jordan; JordaniaFil: Gleiser, Raquel M.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinar de Biología Vegetal (P). Grupo Vinculado Centro de Relevamiento y Evaluación de Recursos Agrícolas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Mohanlall, Viresh. Durban University Of Technology; SudáfricaFil: Maharaj, Rajendra. South African Medical Research Council; SudáfricaFil: Shashiprabha, S.. Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College (autonomous); IndiaFil: Poojary, Vishwanatha. Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College (autonomous); Indi
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No full textNot AvailableJute is an eco-friendly, cheap and excellent fibre, traditionally used for sacking and hessian. India produces 80% of jute of total global demand. Owing to environment friendly properties, this ‘golden fiber’ has been used as a safe material for packing and transport. However, dilution of JPM act coupled with competition from synthetic/ man-made fibres, demand of jute for traditional usages i.e. sacking and hessian has decreased over past five years. Under such circumstances, application of jute for diversified product has become necessary for survival of around 44 lakhs direct and indirectly related workers (covering farmers and mill workers) associated with the jute industry. Jute diversified products like shopping bags, wall hangings, floor covering, non-ovens, geo-textiles, composites etc has opened up a new realm beyond traditional application of jute. Export of jute diversified products has increased from INR 363.593 to 590.215 corers during 2012-13 to 2016-17. Present status paper reports various type of jute diversified products along with their market scope, performance and opportunity across the world.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableNatural colorants are emerging globally as the safer and eco-friendly leaving synthetic colorant behind in the race. An attempt has
been made to extract the dye from fresh, shade dried; field dropped and sun dried flowers of Butea monosperma (Palas). A good quantity of crude dye was recovered to the extent of 4, 18 and 9 per cent respectively on weight basis. The compounds present in the flowers were analyzed through spectral means and identified as Chalcone, butein (C15H12O5), orange yellow needles and a small quantities of colourless isomeric flavanone, butin (C15H12O5), and its glycoside, butrin. The crude dye after further purification
and refining has tremendous scope as a medicine or ingredient for other medicine and can also serve as colouring material in soft drinks and other food products like ham/sausages, jam, chowmin noodles etc.
Highlights
• Method of palas dye extraction methodology have been standardized
• The yield of dye using cold percolation and soxhlet method of extraction were 4% and 2%, respectively
• The dye extract was fractionated through solvent extraction techniques using solvent like hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol
• The separated constituents were characterized through physical determination of melting points, boiling points and instrumental methods like UV and Infra red (IR) and GC-MS
• Compounds identified from the palas dye were chalcone, small quantities of colourless isomeric flavanone, butin and its glycoside, butrin
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Treatment of Jute Stick for Industrial Application — A Review
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