9 research outputs found
Comparative evaluation of the physical properties and biocompatibility of zinc oxide-ozonated eugenol and conventional zinc oxide eugenol as an endodontic sealer: An In vitro study
Get PDFBACKGROUND : The challenge to the prognosis of endodontic therapy lies on the quality of root canal filling. The zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) based sealers were introduced in Endodontics by Grossman in 1936 and they have been used in dentistry over a long period of time. It has been reported that eugenol released from ZOE is an irritant to the periapical tissues and has cytotoxic properties. To overcome these disadvantages, there is a continued research for chemical compounds with better physical properties and more biocompatibility. Ozone therapy has a long history of research and clinical application with humans because of its interesting biological properties.
AIM : The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the physical properties and biocompatibility of zinc oxide- ozonated eugenol and conventional zinc oxide eugenol.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Following physical properties of conventional zinc oxide eugenol and zinc oxide-ozonated eugenol were evaluated and compared. [Group I: Zinc oxide – eugenol; Group II: Zinc oxide - ozonated eugenol]. Hardness of the mixed samples was measured using Shore hardness Durometer type A.Solubility was tested as a percentage of the mass of specimen removed from the distilled water compared with the original mass of the specimens using Mettler analytical balance. pH of the fresh samples and the set samples were measured using calibrated pH meter after predetermined time intervals. Biocompatibility of the tested samples was evaluated using the MTT tetrazolium reduction assay.
RESULTS : The results of the present study have shown that the hardness and solubility of the tested samples were almost similar in both the groups. pH and biocompatibility of the samples in Group II where eugenol is ozonated was higher when compared to the samples in Group I. The proportional values obtained were statistically analysed by unpaired t-test.
CONCLUSION : Within the limitations of the study, it could be concluded that ozone with interesting biological properties seems to be a better treatment modality in improving the properties of eugenol. However further clinical trials and randomized control studies are required in this field to use ozonated eugenol in combination with zinc oxide powder to use it as an endodontic sealer invivo
Plasmid construction for the overexpression of waste biomass-degrading enzymes
No full textabstract: Lignin is a naturally abundant source of aromatic carbon but is largely underutilized in industry because it is difficult to decompose. Under the current study we engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum for the depolymerization of lignin with the goal of using it as raw feed for the sustainable production of valuable chemicals. C. glutamicum is a standout candidate for the depolymerization and assimilation of lignin because of its performance as an industrial producer of amino acids, resistance to aromatic compounds in lignin, and low extracellular protease activity. Three different foreign and native ligninolytic enzymes were tested in combination with three signal peptides to assess lignin degradation efficacy. At this stage, six of the nine plasmid constructs have been constructed. (abstract
Production of Renewable Fuels from Bio-Based Feedstocks: A Viable Path to Enhance Value Chain and Sustainability
No full textabstract: The continued reliance on fossil fuel for energy resources has proven to be unsustainable, leading to depletion of world reserves and emission of greenhouse gases during their combustion. Therefore, research initiatives to develop potentially carbon-neutral biofuels were given the highest importance. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL, a thermochemical conversion process) of microalgae is recognized as a favorable and efficient technique to produce liquid biofuels from wet feedstocks. In this work, three different microalgae (Kirchneriella sp., Galdieria sulphuraria, Micractinium sp.) grown and harvested at Arizona State University were hydrothermally liquefied to optimize their process conditions under different temperatures (200-375 °C), residence times (15-60 min), solids loadings (10-20 wt.%), and process pressures (9-24 MPa). A one-factor-at-a-time approach was employed, and comprehensive experiments were conducted at 10 % solid loadings and a residence time of 30 min. Co-liquefaction of Salicornia bigelovii Torr. (SL), Swine manure (SM) with Cyanidioschyzon merolae (CM) was tested for the presence of synergy. A positive synergistic effect was observed during the co-liquefaction of biomasses, where the experimental yield (32.95 wt.%) of biocrude oil was higher than the expected value (29.23 wt.% ). Co-liquefaction also led to an increase in the energy content of the co-liquefied biocrude oil and a higher energy recovery rate ( 88.55 %). The HTL biocrude was measured for energy content, elemental, and chemical composition using GC-MS. HTL aqueous phase was analyzed for potential co-products by spectrophotometric techniques and is rich in soluble carbohydrates, dissolved ammoniacal nitrogen, and phosphates. HTL biochar was studied for its nutrient content (nitrogen and phosphorous) and viability of its recovery to cultivate algae without any inhibition using the nutrient leaching. HTL biochar was also studied to produce hydrogen via pyrolysis using a membrane reactor at 500 °C, 1 atm, for 24 h to produce 5.93 wt.% gas. The gaseous product contains 45.7 mol % H2, 44.05 ml % CH4, and 10.25 mol % of CO. The versatile applications of HTL biochar were proposed from a detailed physicochemical characterization. The metal impurities in the algae, bio-oil, and biochar were quantified by ICP-OES where algae and biochar contain a large proportion of phosphorous and magnesium.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Chemical Engineering 202
Closed-loop control of a dual-fuel engine working with different combustion modes using in-cylinder pressure feedback
Get PDFThis is the author¿s version of a work that was accepted for publication in International Journal of Engine Research. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting,
and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published as https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087419835327.[EN] This work presents a closed-loop combustion control concept using in-cylinder pressure as a feedback in a dual-fuel combustion engine. At low load, reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion was used while a diffusive dual-fuel combustion was performed at higher loads. The aim of the presented controller is to maintain the indicated mean effective pressure and the combustion phasing at a target value, and to keep the maximum pressure derivative under a limit to avoid engine damage in all the combustion modes by cyclically adapting the injection settings. Various tests were performed at steady-state conditions showing good abilities to fulfil the expected operating conditions but also to reject disturbances such as intake pressure or exhaust gas recirculation variations. Finally, the proposed control strategy was tested during a load transient resulting in a combustion switching-mode and the results exhibited the closed-loop potential for controlling such combustion concept.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following finan-cial support for the research, authorship, and/or publi-cation of this article: The authors acknowledge the support of Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad through project TRA2016-78717-R. Alvin Barbier received a funding through the grant ACIF/2018/141 from the Generalitat Valenciana and the European Social Fund.Guardiola, C.; Pla Moreno, B.; Bares-Moreno, P.; Barbier, ARS. (2020). Closed-loop control of a dual-fuel engine working with different combustion modes using in-cylinder pressure feedback. International Journal of Engine Research. 21(3):484-496. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087419835327S484496213Kusaka, J., Sueoka, M., Takada, K., Ohga, Y., Nagasaki, T., & Daisho, Y. (2005). A basic study on a urea-selective catalytic reduction system for a medium-duty diesel engine. International Journal of Engine Research, 6(1), 11-19. doi:10.1243/146808705x7310Hull, A., Golubkov, I., Kronberg, B., & van Stam, J. (2006). Alternative Fuel for a Standard Diesel Engine. International Journal of Engine Research, 7(1), 51-63. doi:10.1243/146808705x30549Sung, K., Kim, J., & Reitz, R. D. (2009). Experimental study of pollutant emission reduction for near-stoichiometric diesel combustion in a three-way catalyst. International Journal of Engine Research, 10(5), 349-357. doi:10.1243/14680874jer04109Johnson, T. V. (2009). Review of diesel emissions and control. International Journal of Engine Research, 10(5), 275-285. doi:10.1243/14680874jer04009Yun, H., & Reitz, R. D. (2005). Combustion optimization in the low-temperature diesel combustion regime. International Journal of Engine Research, 6(5), 513-524. doi:10.1243/146808705x30576Kook, S., Bae, C., & Kim, J. (2007). Diesel-fuelled homogeneous charge compression ignition engine with optimized premixing strategies. International Journal of Engine Research, 8(1), 127-137. doi:10.1243/14680874jer02506Ogawa, H., Azuma, K., & Miyamoto, N. (2007). Combustion control and operating range expansion in an homogeneous charge compression ignition engine with suppression of low-temperature oxidation by methanol: Influence of compression ratio and octane number of main fuel. International Journal of Engine Research, 8(1), 139-145. doi:10.1243/14680874jer01606Yao, M., Zheng, Z., & Liu, H. (2009). Progress and recent trends in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 35(5), 398-437. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2009.05.001Reitz, R. D. (2013). Directions in internal combustion engine research. Combustion and Flame, 160(1), 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.11.002Imtenan, S., Varman, M., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Sajjad, H., Arbab, M. I., & Rizwanul Fattah, I. M. (2014). Impact of low temperature combustion attaining strategies on diesel engine emissions for diesel and biodiesels: A review. Energy Conversion and Management, 80, 329-356. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.01.020Paykani, A., Kakaee, A.-H., Rahnama, P., & Reitz, R. D. (2015). Progress and recent trends in reactivity-controlled compression ignition engines. International Journal of Engine Research, 17(5), 481-524. doi:10.1177/1468087415593013Hanson, R. M., Kokjohn, S. L., Splitter, D. A., & Reitz, R. D. (2010). An Experimental Investigation of Fuel Reactivity Controlled PCCI Combustion in a Heavy-Duty Engine. SAE International Journal of Engines, 3(1), 700-716. doi:10.4271/2010-01-0864Kokjohn, S. L., Hanson, R. M., Splitter, D. A., & Reitz, R. D. (2011). Fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI): a pathway to controlled high-efficiency clean combustion. International Journal of Engine Research, 12(3), 209-226. doi:10.1177/1468087411401548Molina, S., García, A., Pastor, J. M., Belarte, E., & Balloul, I. (2015). Operating range extension of RCCI combustion concept from low to full load in a heavy-duty engine. Applied Energy, 143, 211-227. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.035Reitz, R. D., & Duraisamy, G. (2015). Review of high efficiency and clean reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion in internal combustion engines. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 46, 12-71. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2014.05.003Benajes, J., Molina, S., García, A., & Monsalve-Serrano, J. (2015). Effects of direct injection timing and blending ratio on RCCI combustion with different low reactivity fuels. Energy Conversion and Management, 99, 193-209. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2015.04.046Benajes, J., Pastor, J. V., García, A., & Boronat, V. (2016). A RCCI operational limits assessment in a medium duty compression ignition engine using an adapted compression ratio. Energy Conversion and Management, 126, 497-508. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.08.023Benajes, J., García, A., Monsalve-Serrano, J., & Boronat, V. (2017). Achieving clean and efficient engine operation up to full load by combining optimized RCCI and dual-fuel diesel-gasoline combustion strategies. Energy Conversion and Management, 136, 142-151. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2017.01.010Shaver, G. M., Roelle, M. J., Caton, P. A., Kaahaaina, N. B., Ravi, N., Hathout, J.-P., … Gerdes, J. C. (2005). A physics-based approach to the control of homogeneous charge compression ignition engines with variable valve actuation. International Journal of Engine Research, 6(4), 361-375. doi:10.1243/146808705x30512Caton, P. A., Song, H. H., Kaahaaina, N. B., & Edwards, C. F. (2005). Residual-effected homogeneous charge compression ignition with delayed intake-valve closing at elevated compression ratio. International Journal of Engine Research, 6(4), 399-419. doi:10.1243/146808705x30431Dempsey, A. B., Walker, N. R., Gingrich, E., & Reitz, R. D. (2014). Comparison of Low Temperature Combustion Strategies for Advanced Compression Ignition Engines with a Focus on Controllability. Combustion Science and Technology, 186(2), 210-241. doi:10.1080/00102202.2013.858137Ritter, D., Andert, J., Abel, D., & Albin, T. (2017). Model-based control of gasoline-controlled auto-ignition. International Journal of Engine Research, 19(2), 189-201. doi:10.1177/1468087417717399Carlucci, A. P., Laforgia, D., Motz, S., Saracino, R., & Wenzel, S. P. (2014). Advanced closed loop combustion control of a LTC diesel engine based on in-cylinder pressure signals. Energy Conversion and Management, 77, 193-207. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2013.08.054Ott, T., Zurbriggen, F., Onder, C., & Guzzella, L. (2013). Cylinder Individual Feedback Control of Combustion in a Dual Fuel Engine. IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 46(21), 600-605. doi:10.3182/20130904-4-jp-2042.00080Hanson, R., & Reitz, R. D. (2013). Transient RCCI Operation in a Light-Duty Multi-Cylinder Engine. SAE International Journal of Engines, 6(3), 1694-1705. doi:10.4271/2013-24-0050Indrajuana, A., Bekdemir, C., Luo, X., & Willems, F. (2016). Robust Multivariable Feedback Control of Natural Gas-Diesel RCCI Combustion. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 49(11), 217-222. doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.08.033Luján, J. M., Galindo, J., Serrano, J. R., & Pla, B. (2008). A methodology to identify the intake charge cylinder-to-cylinder distribution in turbocharged direct injection Diesel engines. Measurement Science and Technology, 19(6), 065401. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/19/6/065401Payri, F., Broatch, A., Salavert, J. M., & Martín, J. (2010). Investigation of Diesel combustion using multiple injection strategies for idling after cold start of passenger-car engines. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 34(7), 857-865. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2010.01.014Kokjohn, S. L., Hanson, R. M., Splitter, D. A., & Reitz, R. D. (2009). Experiments and Modeling of Dual-Fuel HCCI and PCCI Combustion Using In-Cylinder Fuel Blending. SAE International Journal of Engines, 2(2), 24-39. doi:10.4271/2009-01-2647Desantes, J. M., Benajes, J., García, A., & Monsalve-Serrano, J. (2014). The role of the in-cylinder gas temperature and oxygen concentration over low load reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion efficiency. Energy, 78, 854-868. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.10.08
The association between influenza vaccine effectiveness and egg-based manufacturing technology: literature review and US expert consensus
No full textInfluenza is associated with significant disease burden in the US and is currently best controlled by vaccination programs. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) is low and may be reduced by several factors, including egg adaptations. Although non-egg-based influenza vaccines reportedly have greater VE in egg-adapted seasons, evidence for egg adaptations’ reduction of VE is indirect and dissociated, apart from two previous European consensuses. This study replicated the methodology used in a 2020 literature review and European consensus, providing an updated review and consensus opinion of 10 US experts on the evidence for a mechanistic basis for reduction of VE due to egg-based manufacturing methods. A mechanistic basis was assumed if sufficient evidence was found for underlying principles proposed to give rise to such an effect. Evidence for each principle was brought forward from the 2020 review and identified here by structured literature review and expert panel. Experts rated the strength of support for each principle and a mechanistic basis for reduction of VE due to egg-based influenza vaccine manufacture in a consensus method (consensus for strong/very strong evidence = ≥ 3.5 on 5-point Likert scale). Experts assessed 251 references (from previous study: 185; this study: 66). The majority of references for all underlying principles were rated as strong or very strong supporting evidence (52–86%). Global surveillance, WHO candidate vaccine virus selection, and manufacturing stages involving eggs were identified as most likely to impact influenza VE. After review of extensive evidence for reduction of VE due to egg-based influenza vaccine manufacture, influenza experts in the US joined those in Europe in unanimous agreement for a mechanistic basis for the effect. Vaccine providers and administrators should consider use of non-egg-based influenza vaccine manufacture to reduce the risk of egg adaptations and likely impact on VE.</p
Oral Rehabilitation of a child with Chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome) – A case report
No full textAims and objectives: This case report aims to describe the dental management strategy of a case of Chondroectodermal dysplasia [Ellis-van Creveld syndrome], an autosomal recessive disorder with the characteristic features of short-limbed dwarfism, postaxial polydactyly, ectodermal and congenital heart defects. Case Description: This case reports presents the dental management a 12 year old girl who reported with the complaint of multiple missing teeth and malformed teeth. The management strategy aimed at aesthetics to improve the social well being of the child. Conclusion: Though few case reports on Ellis Van Creveld syndrome has been reported, managing the oral problems are quiet rare
Lubricity of paraffinic fuels additivated with conventional and non-conventional methyl esters
Get PDF[EN] Fuel lubricity prevents wear between metallic parts in relative motion inside the injection system of combustion engines. Among diesel fuels, paraffinic (gas-to-liquid or hydrotreated oils) and biodiesel (methyl esters) fuels are emerging since some of them are renewable and, in the case of paraffinic fuels, present excellent properties that can be exploited in compression ignition engines. However, the lubricant properties of raw paraffinic fuels are poor. This work explores the potential of individual methyl esters, found in different biodiesel fuels derived from a wide variety of sources, as lubricity additives for paraffinic fuels. Blends at 1% and 2% ester content in a surrogate of paraffinic fuel were tested under the standardized high-frequency reciprocating rig test for lubricity determination. Results confirm the extremely poor lubricity of the surrogate and that the wear scar diameter measured (the higher this, the lower the fuel lubricity) can be significantly reduced with any of the tested esters just at 1% concentration. Higher ester concentration (2%) does not always improve the lubricity further. The number of double bonds in the ester was revealed very significant, but to boost the lubricity of the blend and fulfill the limits set in fuel quality standards, two or more polyunsaturated esters are necessary.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study has been carried out under the framework of project ENE2016-79641-R, financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness.Rodriguez-Fernandez, J.; Ramos, A.; Sanchez-Valdepeñas, J.; Serrano, J. (2019). Lubricity of paraffinic fuels additivated with conventional and non-conventional methyl esters. 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Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 30, 961-986. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.11.039Lapuerta, M., Sánchez-Valdepeñas, J., & Sukjit, E. (2014). Effect of ambient humidity and hygroscopy on the lubricity of diesel fuels. Wear, 309(1-2), 200-207. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2013.11.017Sundus, F., Fazal, M. A., & Masjuki, H. H. (2017). Tribology with biodiesel: A study on enhancing biodiesel stability and its fuel properties. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 70, 399-412. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.217Chong, W. W. F., & Ng, J.-H. (2016). An atomic-scale approach for biodiesel boundary lubricity characterisation. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 113, 34-43. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.03.029De Oliveira, J. J., de Farias, A. C. M., & Alves, S. M. (2017). Evaluation of the biodiesel fuels lubricity using vibration signals and multiresolution analysis. 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Effects of hydrogenation parameters ontrans isomer formation, selectivity and melting properties of fat. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 110(3), 254-260. doi:10.1002/ejlt.200700118Sukjit, E., Herreros, J. M., Dearn, K. D., García-Contreras, R., & Tsolakis, A. (2012). The effect of the addition of individual methyl esters on the combustion and emissions of ethanol and butanol -diesel blends. Energy, 42(1), 364-374. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2012.03.041Knothe, G., & Steidley, K. R. (2005). Lubricity of Components of Biodiesel and Petrodiesel. The Origin of Biodiesel Lubricity†. Energy & Fuels, 19(3), 1192-1200. doi:10.1021/ef049684cLapuerta, M., Sánchez-Valdepeñas, J., Bolonio, D., & Sukjit, E. (2016). Effect of fatty acid composition of methyl and ethyl esters on the lubricity at different humidities. Fuel, 184, 202-210. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.019Pittman, J. K., Dean, A. P., & Osundeko, O. (2011). The potential of sustainable algal biofuel production using wastewater resources. Bioresource Technology, 102(1), 17-25. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.035Chamorro R. Lubricity of a paraffinic surrogated fuel blended with non-conventional methyl esters. Final Degree Project in Mechanical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 2018 (in Spanish)
Salivary gland diseases in children
No full textSalivary gland diseases in children are rare, apart from viral-induced diseases. Nevertheless, it is essential for the otolaryngologist to recognize these uncommon findings in children and adolescents and to diagnose and initiate the proper treatment.The present work provides an overview of the entire spectrum of congenital and acquired diseases of the salivary glands in childhood and adolescence. The current literature was reviewed and the results discussed and summarized.Besides congenital diseases of the salivary glands in children, the main etiologies of viral and bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases and tumors of the salivary glands were considered. In addition to the known facts, new developments in diagnostics, imaging and therapy, including sialendoscopy in obstructive diseases and chronic recurrent juvenile sialadenitis were taken into account. In addition, systemic causes of salivary gland swelling and the treatment of sialorrhoea were discussed. Although salivary gland diseases in children are usually included in the pathology of the adult, they differ in their incidence and sometimes in their symptoms. Clinical diagnostics and especially the surgical treatment are influenced by a stringent indications and a less invasive strategy. Due to the rarity of tumors of the salivary glands in children, it is recommended to treat them in a specialized center with greater surgical experience.Altogether the knowledge of the differential diagnoses in salivary gland diseases in children is important for otolaryngologists, to indicate the proper therapeutic approach
