268 research outputs found
Satellite-retrieved direct radiative forcing of aerosols over North-East India and adjoining areas: climatology and impact assessment
No full textThe article by J. Biswas et al. contained an update in affiliation of author Binita Pathak. The author would like to add another affiliation to her name. Her updated affiliations are the following
Increasing role of provinces in India's foreign policy
No full textThe chapter on ‘Increasing Role of Provinces in India’s Foreign Policy’ highlights provincial factors in India’s negotiation with the neighbourhood. The author has argued that the state governments sometimes have a bigger economic interest in pushing for closer links with neighbouring countries than the central government. Apart from economic interests, they are also bound by a common past and the logic of geography
Indian summer monsoon simulations in successive generations of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model
No full textFour generations of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3, 4, 5, and 6) are used to assess model upgrades to the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) simulations. The total precipitation simulation in CAM3 is significantly overestimated over the western equatorial Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and southwest Bay of Bengal (BoB), and underestimated over the northern BoB due to overestimated convective and underestimated large-scale precipitation, respectively. In the subsequent CAM versions, the simulation of total precipitation has improved, except for the wet bias over the Western Ghats and Himalayan foothills, which has deteriorated due to increased convective and large-scale precipitation, respectively. The improvement in total precipitation simulation over the northern BoB is found in successive CAM versions from the increased heating and drying of the troposphere. CAM3 overestimates the frequency of low precipitation rates and underestimates the frequency of high precipitation rates, which is improved in CAM4, but deteriorated further in subsequent CAM versions. The model development cycle from CAM3 to CAM6 also led to a substantial improvement in most ISMR-associated circulation features, except for the successive overestimation in the low-level monsoon jet due to a strengthened easterly shear of zonal wind. The simulation of subtropical westerly and tropical easterly jets has become more reliable in subsequent CAM versions. In addition, we find successive improvements in the monsoon intra-seasonal oscillation (MISO), associated internal dynamics, and the east-west and north-south heat source. However, some important biases (e.g., the eastward component of MISO, monsoon low-level jet, excessive precipitation over Himalayan foothills, early monsoon onset) need to be alleviated for more realistic ISM simulations by improving further the cloud microphysical and moist processes in the future CAM versions.This work is partly supported by the DST Centre of Excellence in Climate Modeling at IIT Delhi and through a DST Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) project (ECR/2015/000229). Ravi Kumar acknowledges the MTech fellowship from MHRD. The authors wish to acknowledge NCAR’s climate modeling section (http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/) for developing CAM3, CAM4, CAM5, and CAM6 models. We are thankful to TRMM (https://pmm.nasa.gov/trmm) and ECMWF (https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/) for providing the necessary observational and reanalysis datasets publicly. The IITD supercomputing facility is used for computations. NCAR-NCL is used for data analysis, and the climate data operator is used for data processing
Inter-particle and gas-particle interactions in sampling artifacts of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in filter-based samplers
No full textDespite the recent rapid development of real-time measurements of chemical compositions in atmospheric aerosols, filter-based aerosol sampling for an extended period of time with post-sampling chemical analysis is still very common. The collected particles interact with both the in-coming gas and each other. These interactions lead to sampling artifacts. This paper investigates the role of aerosol ionic composition, inter-particle and gas-particle interactions in the sampling artifacts of PM2.5 at high relative humidity. This is achieved by comparing PM2.5 samples collected with and without a denuder/filter pack system at urban and suburban sites in Hong Kong. The samples collected with a denuder/filter pack were used to estimate the artifact-free ambient gas and particulate concentrations. Because of the prevailing high relative humidity (>70%RH) in HK, the collected particles were expected to have deliquesced and form an internal mixture, according to thermodynamic predictions. It was found that an ambient molar particulate [NH4+]/[SO42-] ratio of 1.5 is a critical condition to the sampling artifact characteristics of PM2.5. The urban samples were all ammonium rich (AR; [NH4 +]/[SO42-] greater than 1.5) and were characterized by a high nitrate concentration and low strong-acidity. They had a significant strong acidity loss of 73%, roughly half of which was due to the neutralization of acidity by ammonia. The suburban samples were all ammonium poor (AP; [NH4+]/[SO42-] less than or equal to 1.5) and were characterized by a low nitrate concentration and high strong-acidity. Sampling artifacts of the acidity, ammonium and sulfate were not important in the AP samples. In both the AR and AP samples, the individual evaporation of HNO3 and HCl were the primary reactions for the artifacts of nitrate and chloride while the concomitant evaporation of HNO 3 and HCl with NH3 was insignificant. In general, the extents of the sampling artifacts of nitrate and chloride increased with increasing gas-to-particulate concentration ratio of these two species. A methodology to estimate the artifact-free ambient concentrations of nitrate and chloride from measurements of filter pack samplers (without any denuders) for deliquesced particles is proposed.</p
On Measuring the Criticality of Various Variables and Processes in Organization Information Systems: Proposed Methodological Procedure
No full textThis paper proposes methodological procedures to be used by the accounting, organizational and managerial researchers and executives to ascertain the criticality of the variables and the processes in the measurement of management control system. We have restricted the validation of proposed methods to the extraction of critical success factors (CSF) in this study. We have also provided a numerical illustration and tested our methodological procedures using a dataset of an empirical study conducted for the purpose of ascertaining the CSFs. The proposed methods can be used by the researchers in accounting, organizational information systems, economics, and business and also in other relevant disciplines of organizational sciences. The main contribution of this paper is the extension of Rockart’s work [33] on critical success factors. We have extended the theory of CSF beyond the initially suggested domain of information into management control system decision making. The methodological procedures developed by us are expected to enrich the literature of analytical and empirical studies in accounting and organizational areas where it can prove helpful in understanding the criticality of individual variables, processes, methods or success factors.Success Factors, Criticality Analysis, Perceptual Criticality, Critical Success Factors
In-Situ Fabrication of Ceramic Matrix Composites by RH-SHS Technique
No full textA rapid heating self propagating high temperature synthe-sis (RII-SHS) technique is developed for the fabrication of in-situ A1203 -SiC„ composites. The adiabatic tempera-ture for the system is calculated to be 2375 K. The green compacts are heated rapidly (w 300 - 400 K/min) from room temperature to various soaking temperatures (T,) ranging from 1473 to 2023 K either in air or argon atmosphere.
Two exothermic reactions are observed successively during synthesis. XRD analyses show that the reduction of SiO2 proceeds through aluminothermic route and a holding time of = 30 minutes at T, is sufficient for the completion of reactions. SiC is observed to be present in the form of a-Sic, and the size and proportion of the whiskers depends upon the soaking time and temperature. Dimensional stabi-lity of the sintered products indicates the possibility of near net shape fabrication of composites using this technique
Corrigendum: Proceedings of the 12th annual deep brain stimulation think tank: cutting edge technology meets novel applications
No full textIn the published article, there was an error in the author list and author Sarah-Anna Hescham was erroneously excluded. The corrected author list appears below. “Alfonso Enrique Martinez-Nunez 1*, Christopher J. Rozell 2, Simon Little 3, Huiling Tan 4, Stephen L. Schmidt 5, Warren M. Grill 5,6, Miroslav Pajic 5, Dennis A. Turner 5,6,7, Coralie de Hemptinne 1, Andre Machado 8,9, Nicholas D. Schiff 10, Abbey S. Holt-Becker 11, Robert S. Raike 11, Mahsa Malekmohammadi 12,13, Yagna J. Pathak 14, Lyndahl Himes 14, David Greene 15, Lothar Krinke 16,17, Mattia Arlotti 16, Lorenzo Rossi 16, Jacob Robinson 18,19, Bahne H. Bahners 20,21,22, Vladimir Litvak 23, Luka Milosevic 24,25, Saadi Ghatan 26,27, Frederic L. W. V. J. Schaper 20, Michael D. Fox 20, Nicholas M. Gregg 28, Cynthia Kubu 8, James J. Jordano 29,30,31, Nicola G. Cascella 32, YoungHoon Nho 33, Casey H. Halpern 33,34, Helen S. Mayberg 35,36,37, Ki Sueng Choi 35,36, Haneul Song 35, Jungho Cha 35, Sankaraleengam Alagapan 2, Nico U. F. Dosenbach 38,39,40,41,42,43, Evan M. Gordon 44, Jianxun Ren 45, Hesheng Liu 45,46, Lorraine V. Kalia 47,48, Sarah-Anna Hescham 49,50,51, Dorian M. Kusyk 1, Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora 1, Kelly D. Foote 1, Michael S. Okun 1 and Joshua K. Wong 1.” The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.</p
Growth, morphological properties and pulsed photo response of MoTe2 single crystal synthesized by DVT technique
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