1,720,974 research outputs found
Come pecore al macello? Ebrei nella Shoah e reazioni alla persecuzione
Get PDFLike Sheep to the Slaughter? Jews in the Shoah and Reactions to Persecution – While most psychosocial analyses of the Shoah focus on psychological issues relating to the behavior of the perpetrators, this study examines similar issues in relation to the victims. Eschewing from a homogeneous representation of Jews as going to their death like sheep to the slaughter, the aim here is to characterize the psychology of the victims and their daily actions in the face of persecution. The content analysis performed on a pertinent body of contributions from the historical, philosophical, sociological, psychological and memory literatures – has identified the contribution of numerous factors. These factors do not so much relate to particular characteristics of the victims themselves as to relationships between members of the minority and majority over the course of time. Moreover, they related to strategies employed by the victims to cope with ongoing persecution and specific actions of diversion by their executioners. Mostly neglected by post war historiography, this evidence for a marked reliance on “unarmed reactions”, further contributes to articulating the representation of the victims
Subgrouping e omosessualità: rappresentazione cognitiva e contenuti stereotipiche verso maschi gay
No full textStatus and cooperation shape lesbian stereotypes: Testing predictions from the stereotype content model
No full textResearch on perceptions of homosexuals implicitly assumes that individuals think about lesbians as an undifferentiated group. By contrast, this paper investigated the stereotypes of the overall category as well as of different subgroups of lesbians within the frame of the stereotype content model (SCM). Participants (N = 70) rated the overall category and four subgroups on perceived warmth, competence, status, and interdependence (cooperative vs. competitive). Results showed that the overall category landed in the middle of the competence-warmth space, while the subgroups spread across the SCM dimensions. Moreover, perceived status and cooperation predicted competence and warmth stereotypes, respectively. Perceived competition failed to predict warmth stereotypes. The importance of these findings for lesbian stereotyping and for the SCM is discusse
Le rappresentazioni sociali del nemico
No full textL’interesse degli psicologi sociali per il tema del nemico ha avuto una fase di massimo incremento negli anni della guerra fredda, quando si intensificò il rischio di una guerra nucleare, per poi successivamente indirizzarsi al conflitto fra palestinesi ed israeliani. Le ricerche realizzate in questo ambito costituiscono un esteso filone di studi che ha approfondito gli atteggiamenti e le immagini che persone comuni ed élites, hanno nei confronti di altri Paesi. Questi studi mostrano, in sostanza, che l’immagine del nemico consiste in una teoria ingenua composta di concetti, credenze, atteggiamenti, valori, stereotipi, emozioni, motivazioni ed intenzioni così come di rappresentazioni iconiche, che influenzano le cognizioni e le linee di azione delle persone. L’intervento contro il regime dei Taliban, che ha fatto seguito all’attacco alle Twin Towers, e il lungo periodo di preparazione della guerra preventiva contro il regime Iracheno sono eventi recenti che hanno profondamente coinvolto e scosso l’opinione pubblica mondiale. L’idea del nemico appare qui assai diversa da quella tradizionalmente consolidata. Di qui il nostro interesse a studiare, contestualmente allo svolgersi di tali eventi, come una popolazione di giovani adulti si rappresenta il nemico. Lo strumento per realizzare la ricerca è un questionario, composto da domande in formato aperto e chiuso. Le prime analisi effettuate su un sottocampione di 152 soggetti evidenziano che la parola stimolo “nemico” evoca soprattutto riferimenti di tipo teorico astratto riconducibili all’immaginario della guerra (arma, tortura, sangue, ecc) ma anche a qualità personali negative di cattiveria e crudeltà (aggressore, oppressore, perfido). I criteri che gli intervistati utilizzano per definire qualcuno come nemico personale o del proprio Paese, se concordano nell’indicare in entrambi i casi le “azioni ostili”, divergono invece nel caso delle “idee e valori divergenti”, che in linea con la letteratura sull’argomento, definiscono soprattutto il nemico nazionale. Mentre il nemico personale è identificato in persone con cui si hanno rapporti per lo più paritari (amici, conoscenti), quello del proprio Paese è visto più come interno che non esterno e identificato soprattutto nella mafia
Rappresentazioni dello “sballo” ed atteggiamenti nei confronti della discoteca in un campione di giovani consumatori di sostanze psicoattive.
No full textCette recherche étudie les representations de trois types de substances psychotropes (extasy, haschisch et cocaïne, les substances les plus diffusées et les plus consommées actuellement par les jeunes Italiens) chez des adolescents. Il s’agit de substances qui bénéficient d’un degré d’acceptabilité sociale différencié et qui produisent des effets pharmacologiques différents: effets activants dans le cas de l’extasy et surtout de la cocaïne, ou effets qui provoquent des altérations des fonctions perceptives dans le cas de l’haschisch
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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