1,721,006 research outputs found
Evidence-based prevention and surgical treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis-a review of randomized controlled trials
No full textNecrotizing enterocolitis remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. Despite many advances in the management of the critically ill neonate, the exact etiology, attempts at prevention and determining best treatment for NEC have been elusive. Unfortunately, the overall survival for this poorly understood and complex condition has not improved. NEC is a condition that can and should be studied with randomized prospective trials (RCTs). This chapter reviews the current evidence-based trials for this condition thus far performe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Federated Learning and Explainable AI in Healthcare
No full textData-driven innovation is opening new opportunities for AI in healthcare, leading to impactful solutions. However, increasing amounts of data are stored across silos, facing issues related to security, privacy, custodianship, and usage for research. Data sharing, which is crucial to building robust AI models, is still challenging. Federated learning (FL), an emerging machine learning technique that trains AI models across decentralized devices or sites holding local datasets without moving them, could help address some of the challenges. With FL, the limitations and constraints concerning data availability for research could be reduced, as it enables sites to jointly work towards a common research goal while keeping data local. Moreover, FL can support model surveillance and in-product learning to improve an already deployed model by relying on large and distributed real-life user datasets. Here the power of the federation is harnessed to prevent unwanted degradation and address edge cases (i.e., outliers at local or global level). With the adoption of FL, there is a need to apply model explainability in this new context so that sites can get a deeper understanding of their model, enriched with information relevant for the FL way of training. In FL, features or data samples can contribute at one site and be absent at other sites. Therefore, explainability should be integrated in FL to share insights about the federated and local models so that each participant can decide how to leverage the training and inference processes.</p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Human–AI Relationship in Healthcare
No full textIn the age of machine learning, deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) are expected to improve our lives. Particularly in the field of medicine and medical imaging, AI can make sense of tens if not hundreds of different parameters and find patterns and correlations that are difficult for humans to process. AI is expected to assist doctors in improving patient care and reducing burden. Despite many papers showing how AI algorithms can match or outperform humans in different domains of medicine, not many have been adopted into practice (Kelly et al., 2019). One of the major challenges is trust and acceptance of AI results. These are important issues that are complex. Confidence, trust, and uncertainty influence the way humans make decisions using AI. AI (deep learning algorithms in particular) is a “black box” to users and even the creators of these algorithms, making it very difficult to adopt. Should humans trust AI? Do humans overly trust AI? This chapter explores the human–AI relationship. It starts with a discussion on trust and human interactions. The expert–apprentice model is described to inform how AI could interact with clinicians. Recent technological developments and experience design aspects are detailed, giving an outline of recommendations for designing explainable AI, or XAI.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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