1,721,033 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Brain-computer interfaces to improve the identification of dyspnea in patients under mechanical ventilation
No full textPrès de la moitié des patients ventilés artificiellement en réanimation présentent un inconfort respiratoire (ou dyspnée). Les difficultés de communication entre patients et soignants rendent complexes l’évaluation et la prise en charge de cette dyspnée. L’objectif de ce travail était de développer des interfaces cerveau-ordinateur (BCI) permettant d’aider les soignants à détecter la dyspnée sous ventilation mécanique (VM) en réanimation. Dans l’étude DYSVENT, des patients dyspnéiques sous VM en réanimation ont été inclus. Un électroencéphalogramme (EEG) était enregistré à l’état basal puis après optimisation des réglages du respirateur à la recherche d’un potentiel pré-inspiratoire (PPI) signe d’une activité corticale liée à la ventilation (ACLV), habituellement absente au cours de la ventilation spontanée. Dans l’étude DYSPEV, deux BCI basées sur des potentiels évoqués visuels en régime permanent (PEVRP) ont été testés chez des volontaires sains : une BCI de détection de la dyspnée (D-BCI) et une BCI de quantification prenant la forme d’une échelle visuelle analogique (EVA) virtuelle (LAS). Les volontaires sains ont été étudiés sous diverses conditions respiratoires : ventilation spontanée (VS), charge inspiratoire à seuil (ITL) et résistive (IRL), inhalation de CO2 (CO2) et retour en VS (VSWO). Différentes fréquences ont été testées pour les stimulus visuels : 12/15Hz, 15/20Hz et 20/30Hz pour la D-BCI et basses fréquences (13, 17, 19, 23 et 29 Hz) et hautes fréquences (41,43,47, 53 et 59 Hz) pour la LAS. Dans l’étude DYSVENT, les patients inclus (n = 47) présentaient un inconfort respiratoire dans 73% à 89% des cas selon la méthode d’évaluation utilisée (EVA ou score d’hétéro-évaluation IC-RDOS ou RDOS). L’optimisation de la ventilation a permis d’améliorer cet inconfort de manière significative. A l’état basal, 38% des patients présentaient un PPI contre 19% après la phase d’optimisation des réglages du respirateur (p < 10-4). Dans l’étude DYSPEV, les volontaires sains inclus (n = 50) présentaient un inconfort respiratoire lors des conditions IRL, ITL et CO2 dans le groupe D-BCI (30 sujets) et lors des conditions ITL et CO2 dans le groupe LAS (20 sujets, condition ITL non testée dans ce groupe) avec des EVA significativement plus élevées comparativement à la VS. Pour la D-BCI, le meilleur réglage de fréquence était 20-30Hz avec une AUC à 0.89 (IC95 [0.80-0.90]) et les basses fréquences pour la LAS avec une AUC à 0.84 (IC95 [0.83-0.85]). Dans l’étude DYSVENT, la détection d’une ACLV était insuffisante pour mettre en évidence des situations à risque d’inconfort respiratoire sous ventilation mécanique. L’étude DYSPEV a permis de faire la preuve de concept chez le volontaire sain de la détection et la quantification d’une dyspnée expérimentale à l’aide d’une BCI basée sur les PEVRP. Une BCI globale combinant ces 2 techniques pourrait être développée pour assister les soignants au quotidien dans la reconnaissance et la prise de l’inconfort respiratoire sous VM en réanimation.Almost half of the patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) in intensive care units (ICU) experience respiratory discomfort (or dyspnea). Communication impairments between patients and caregivers in ICU make recognition and evaluation of such a dyspnea difficult. The aim of this work was to develop brain-computer interfaces (BCI) to help caregivers recognizing respiratory discomfort under MV in ICU. In the DYSVENT study, dyspneic patients under MV in ICU were included. An electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded at baseline and after optimization of ventilator settings. The EEG was analyzed to look for a pre-inspiratory potential (PIP) which is a sign of a ventilation-related cortical activity (VRCA), which is usually absent during spontaneous breathing. In the DYSPEV study, 2 BCIs based on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) were tested on healthy volunteers: a BCI that detects dyspnea (D-BCI) and a BCI that quantifies the dyspnea in the form of a virtual visual analogic scale (LAS). Subjects were studies under various respiratory conditions: spontaneous breathing (SB), inspiratory threshold load (ITL) and resistive load (IRL), CO2 inhalation (CO2) and back to SB (SBWO). Many frequency sets were tested: 12/15Hz, 15/20Hz, 20/30Hz for D-BCI and high frequencies (13, 17, 19, 23 and 29 Hz) and low frequencies (41, 43, 47, 53 and 59 Hz) for the LAS. In the DYSVENT study, included patients (n = 47) were dyspneic in 73 to 89% of cases according to the evaluation method used (EVA or the hetero-evaluation scores IC-RDOS or RDOS). The optimization of the ventilator settings significantly improved their discomfort. At baseline 38% of the patients had a PIP on EEG versus 19% after ventilator optimization (p < 10-4). Predictive positive value of PIP detection to identify respiratory discomfort was 1.00 (95CI [0.91-1.00]) using IC-RDOS and 0.96 (95CI [0,87-1,00]) using RDOS. Predictive negative value was 0.37 (95CI [0.25-0.50]) using IC-RDOS and 0.31 (95CI [0.19-0.44]) using RDOS. In the DYSPEV study, healthy volunteers experienced respiratory discomfort during IRL, ITL and CO2 in the D-BCI group (30 subjects) and during ITL and CO2 in the LAS group (20 subjects, ITL condition not tested in this group) with VAS significantly higher than during SB. For the D-BCI the best frequency set was 20-30Hz with AUC 0.89 (95CI [0.80-0.90]) and low frequencies for the LAS with AUC 0.84 (95CI [0.83-0.85]). In the DYSVENT study, VRCA detection was insufficient to highlight situations at risk of respiratory discomfort under MV. The DYSPEV study made the proof of concept in healthy volunteers of using a SSVEP-based BCI to detect and quantify dyspnea. A BCI gathering both techniques could be developed to help caregivers recognizing and taking care of respiratory discomfort under MV in ICU
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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