1,720,954 research outputs found
Hatchability of Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) eggs : association with bacteria and fungi in incubation boxes and in eggs that failed to hatch
Get PDFDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.The South African crocodile industry has the potential to produce Nile crocodile skins, which are
in high demand by the global fashion industry. The crocodile industry is an important economic
resource to South Africa and Southern Africa. The main purpose of rearing Nile crocodiles at
intensive production units is to produce viable hatchlings which will be grown to produce quality
skins. The production of sufficient hatchlings depends on high hatching percentage of clutches. It
has been observed that the hatching percentage varies among clutches. We do not know that
whether the poor hatching percentages are associated with the microbial load from the incubation
boxes or not. The aims of the study were to determine whether eggs in boxes that had more
aerobic bacterial colonies and more fungal colonies before they received vermiculite and eggs
are more prone to become lost from the pool potentially capable of yielding conceptuses
developing to term than eggs in boxes that had fewer colonies before they received vermiculite
and eggs, and whether there are species of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and fungi that are
present in unhatched eggs from clutches with low hatching percentage but not in clutches with
high hatching percentage without the converse being true.
At the time of hatching the farm personnel classify hatchlings or unhatched eggs into different
categories e.g. hatchling survived, culled, foetus died in the shell, hatchling died, unfertilised
egg, banded (the foetus died long before hatching), or rotten egg (putrefaction rendering the
fertilisation status unknown). We assumed that banded or rotten eggs are more likely to have lost conceptuses due to the microbial load that was present in the incubation boxes before they were
loaded with vermiculite and eggs than the other classes of eggs. A response variable
Perhapsloststatus was therefore created. For each egg that was either classified as Banded or
Rotten Perhapsloststatus was assigned the value of one. For each egg belonging to other
categories Perhapsloststatus was assigned the value of zero. Eggs classified as unfertilised were
excluded from Perhapsloststatus.
The microbial load of aerobic bacteria and fungi from the incubation boxes before they were
loaded with vermiculite and eggs was measured as colony forming units (CFU). The independent
variable of interest was Count category (a categorical variable of aerobic bacteria and fungi
colony counts), which was compiled as follows:
0 = Counts zero to below the 25th percentile, 1 = Counts from the 25th percentile to below the
50th percentile, 2 = Counts ranging the 50th percentile to below the 75th percentile, 3 = Counts
from the 75th percentile to the maximum that was countable and 4 = Too numerous to count.
Sterile swabs were used to collect samples from unhatched eggs for isolation and identification
of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and fungi from the 10 boxes with the lowest and highest
hatching percentages, respectively.
We used a population-averaged mixed-effect logistic regression model to determine the effect of
Count category on Perhapsloststatus.
The odds for eggs being banded or rotten (Perhapsloststatus = 1) in boxes with too numerous to
count aerobic bacterial colonies (Count category 4) tended to be higher than for eggs in boxes
with colony counts between zero and the 25% percentile (Count category 0) (P = 0.06). The odds of eggs being banded or rotten (Perhapsloststatus = 1) in boxes with fungal colony counts falling
in any count categories 1 to 4 were the same as the odds of eggs being banded or rotten in boxes
with fungal colony counts falling in Count category 0.
The variety and frequency of species of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and fungi from
unhatched eggs of lowest hatching boxes and highest hatching boxes was almost the same. The
species isolated from unhatched eggs are more likely pertaining to contamination from the cloaca
of female crocodile or from the environment i.e. nesting material, personnel handling,
vermiculite, incubation box or the incubator environment, as most of the isolated species present
are normally present in soil, water, dust and also opportunistic pathogens in animals.
This observational study shows that there is a trend of association between the aerobic bacterial
load from the incubation boxes and the eggs in them to become either banded or rotten.tm2016Production Animal StudiesMS
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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