1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Recommended from our members
Molecular characterization of bacterial populations implicated inthe anaerobic metabolism of toxic plant alkaloids from two different experimental and environmental sources
Get PDFThere have been many studies that describe the protective degradation or metabolism of potentially harmful plant toxins, such as, mimosine from Leucaena leuconcephala, pyrrolizidine alkaloids from tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), oxalate and some mycotoxins by rumen microbes. There are many cases of plant-related toxicoses suffered by ruminant animals where there are no microbes known to offer protection. Ergot alkaloids produced by the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum have been shown to cause the syndromes of fescue foot and summer slump in animals grazing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) grass varieties that carry the endophyte. Economic losses due to these diseases have been estimated to be about $1 billion per year. For this reason, it is economically desirable to find one or more microbes that could be introduced into the rumen environment to protect animals from fescue toxicosis and pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis. Studies that have found protective microbes focused on identification of those microbes using mainly phenotyping and enrichment or isolation techniques. In the studies presented here, two different experimental and environmental systems were examined. Culture-independent molecular biology techniques were used to take advantage of differences found between bacteria in the 16S small ribosomal subunit gene as a means of characterizing diversity. Analytical chemistry techniques were used to place diversity observations in the context of function. Microbes within a consortia culture derived from the rumen of a sheep were previously shown to metabolize pyrrolizidine alkaloids found in the invasive weed, tansy ragwort. Thin layer chromatography was used to monitor microbial activity. The bacterial enrichment was characterized by molecular cloning techniques and by the molecular fingerprinting technique of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Phylogenetic analysis of the enrichment revealed that the consortium is composed of no more than five putative bacterial species which associated to the Anaerovibrio, Desulfovibrio, Megasphaera, Prevotella, and Synergistes generas. The DGGE results were directly compared to the cloning data by amplifying eight phylogenetically representative clones by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzing them by DGGE. Direct DGGE analysis of the enrichment displayed greater 16S diversity than the clone library used in this study, suggesting that at least one of the organisms present in the enrichment comprises less than 1% of the total cell population. Earthworms of the species Eisenia fetida are commonly used in the practice of vermicomposting. This is the process by which worms are used in a closed bin or pit, to aid in the breakdown of manure and other agricultural waste in order to generate highly fertile soil from the worm's digestive waste products, or cast. The worms were used in a two-treatment vermicompost experiment. One treatment was given tall fescue seed assayed to contain over 10,000 parts per billion of the endophyte toxin ergovaline (E+ treatment). The other treatment was used as a control and was given tall fescue seed with ergovaline amounts that fell below analytical levels of detection (E- treatment). Many of the worms originally introduced into the E+ treatment died off before a population of worms established itself as a productive vermicompost system. The success of this population of worms may be due to the presence of beneficial or protective microbes within their digestive tract. Digestive tracts were dissected and collected from worms of each treatment in February of 2007. The guts were homogenized and anaerobically cultured with and without added ergovaline. The disappearance of ergovaline and the stereo-isomer ergovalinine from worm-gut cultures was monitored daily by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). DNA was purified from the same gut homogenate samples used for incubation experiments. Cloning of the 16S gene was applied to determine the identity of the bacteria present in the treatments during the month of February. The computational program Mr. Bayes was used to group restriction-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns based on their uniqueness. The program DOTUR was used to estimate the level of diversity based on ribotype distances. With the aim of encompassing the fullest amount of represented sequence diversity, these data were used to specifically select 192 clones from each 960 clone library. Selected clones were analyzed by sequencing the 16S insert. Clone sequences from both treatments made associations to bacterial 16S reference sequences in the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Epsilon proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and unclassifed bacterial sequences. Four clones associated best with a plastid sequence derived from a green algae species. The global similarity between libraries indicated that the populations were not significantly different at the time of sampling. HPLC data showed no observable loss of ergovaline from incubations of E+ or E- worm treatment samples taken in February. Incubation experiments in December of 2006 using only E+ treatment worm guts had demonstrated the potential for microbial metabolism of ergovaline; however, no molecular work was done at that time. An integrative approach was taken to describe the function and bacterial composition of the two systems studied. The use of analytical chemistry techniques placed the observations of microbial diversity into context. Thin-layer chromatography was used to check that the ability of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid-degrading enrichment was still intact after being revived from long-term storage. This allowed for direct comparisons to earlier data published about the identity of microbes within these enrichments. HPLC data indicated that worm-gut homogenates characterized in February did not demonstrate the same metabolic activity as was observed during an incubation of gut material taken from E+ treatment worms in December. Since there was no previous molecular data to compare potential differences in bacterial diversity from these two time points, the molecular data collected in February will be used as a reference of the background population at a time when there was no metabolism of ergovaline. It is intended that the results of these studies will further the understanding of which microbes are involved in the metabolism of the particular compound of interest. In this way, steps may be made toward refining the culturing and propagation of desirable bacteria that may potentially serve as a treatment for ruminant animals challenged by the presence of either pyrrolizidine or ergot alkaloids in their diets
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
